高产植酸酶乳酸菌发酵对黑豆面包蛋白质品质及烘焙特性的影响

从实验室获得1 株高产植酸酶乳酸菌（L-19）并应用于黑豆酸面团面包,同时选用不产植酸酶的乳酸菌（K-12）作为对照。通过分析面包氨基酸组成和营养指标、蛋白质体外消化率、质构特性、超微结构和感官评定,研究其对黑豆酸面团面包蛋白质营养及烘焙学特性的影响。结果表明：添加乳酸菌黑豆酸面团后,面包蛋白营养和烘焙品质都得到了明显改善,其中L-19酸面团面包（L-19SDB）效果最显著。与黑豆面包（BB）相比,L-19SDB植酸含量下降60.68%,蛋白质体外消化率由64.70%升高至73.93%,总氨基酸含量提高73%。同时与其他3 组相比,L-19SDB有更好的氨基酸特征：其必需氨基酸与总氨基酸之比、必需氨基酸指数和生物价均为最高。面包烘焙品质方面,相比黑豆面包BB,L-19SDB和K-12SDB比容分别提高了31.45%和23.59%,硬度降低了68.79%和56.59%。通过ImageJ分析发现,L-19SDB芯囊组织更加均匀,感官评价总体可接受度最高（7.72 分）。     

功能性乳酸菌发酵黑豆麦麸酸面团面包的营养及烘焙特性

将黑豆及麦麸作为发酵基质,分别以高产植酸酶的乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)L-19及产β-葡萄糖苷酶的戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)J-28作为发酵剂制作酸面团面包.探究菌株的生长、酸化及产酶特性,分析体系中植酸与膳食纤维的变化,采用低场核磁共振及磁共振成像...     

戊糖片球菌NCU301对豆粕强化发酵工艺优化及营养成分的测定

研究戊糖片球菌NCU301对豆粕(未灭菌)强化发酵的最佳工艺条件,测定豆粕发酵前后营养成分和抗营养因子的变化。以乳酸菌活菌量为指标,通过单因素实验和Box-Behnken响应面分析法优化豆粕强化发酵工艺,确定最佳工艺条件为:发酵时间50.0 h、发酵温度30.0 ℃、料水比1:0.82、接种量8%,优化后活菌量达到1.15×1010 CFU/g。此外,测定豆粕发酵前后营养成分和抗营养因子变化。结果表明:与未发酵豆粕相比,强化发酵豆粕中粗蛋白、酸溶性蛋白、小肽、游离氨基酸的含量分别提高4.78%、36.04%、52.21%、19.10%,胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性和脲酶活性分别下降89.56%、91.72%;与自然发酵豆粕相比,粗蛋白、游离氨基酸总量分别提高0.6%、35.89%,酸溶性蛋白含量、小肽含量,胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性和脲酶活性分别下降4.64%、3.35%、72.79%、60%。使用戊糖片球菌作为豆粕发酵的菌种不仅可以作为抗生素替代品,还可以提高豆粕的营养价值。     

乳酸菌-玉米酵子混合酸面团面包工艺研究

以乳酸菌-玉米酵子制作酸面团,添加蔗糖、鸡蛋、面包改良剂等辅料,采用二次发酵工艺,研究乳酸菌-玉米酵子混合酸面团面包生产工艺。以感官得分为指标,在单因素试验基础上,通过Plackett-Burman因素筛选,并结合响应面试验设计对生产工艺进行优化。评价了乳酸菌添加量、玉米酵子添加量、蔗糖添加量、水添加量、和面时间、醒发时间6个因素对面包感官的影响。确定最优生产工艺为:乳酸菌添加量5%、玉米酵子添加量26%、水添加量45%、醒发时间70 min。     

高产β-葡萄糖苷酶的乳酸菌在葡萄汁酸面团面包中的应用

从4种酒曲中分离筛选乳酸菌,并通过七叶苷平板显色法结合酶活测定筛选出3株高产β-葡萄糖苷酶的菌株。通过16SrDNA基因鉴定其种属,研究了3株菌粗酶液的最适温度、pH,并对酶进行定位。应用高产β-葡萄糖苷酶的乳酸菌发酵葡萄汁酸面团制作面包,通过固相微萃取气相色谱质谱联用技术(GC—MS)分析了面包香气成分,并进行了感官评定。结果表明:酒曲中一共筛得124株乳酸菌,其中产β-葡萄糖苷酶的乳酸菌有28株,产酶能力最高的3株乳酸菌经鉴定为哈尔滨乳杆菌(Lactobacillus harbinensis,M12和M24)和戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus,J28)。用M12发酵葡萄汁酸面团制作面包(RSB),RSB中一共检测出52种风味物质,较普通酵母面包(CYB)的风味物质种类增加了52.9%,而风味物质总峰面积也提高了65.5%。经过感官评定,RSB的整体接受度优于普通酵母面包(CYB)及含未发酵葡萄汁的酵母面包(RYB)。     

茅台酒曲植物乳杆菌大豆酸面团发酵面包的营养与抗氧化特性

将茅台酒曲中筛选出的高产游离大豆异黄酮(isoflavone aglycone,IA)乳酸菌——植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum,strain CAU:228)引入大豆酸面团发酵体系。研究了酸面团发酵过程中4种大豆异黄酮单体、总酚含量及发酵前后大豆蛋白肽分子量分布的变化,对比分析了小麦面包、大豆面包、大豆酸面团面包的抗氧化活性及营养特性。结果表明:乳酸菌发酵可使大豆酸面团总IA含量提高9.87倍,总酚含量从3.83 mg GAE/g提高到5.29mg GAE/g,抗氧化活性肽的含量显著提高,酸面团面包中总IA含量达到了6.39 mg/100g,是大豆面包的2.93倍。大豆酸面团面包总游离氨基酸含量分别为大豆面包和小麦面包的2.02和2.84倍,DPPH与ABTS抗氧化能力相比显著提高。因此,大豆酸面团发酵技术在面包中具有较高的应用潜力。     

不同发酵基质的酸面团对酵母面团体系面包烘焙及老化特性的影响

应用分离自我国传统酸面团的区域特色乳酸菌--旧金山乳杆菌分别发酵小麦粉和小麦麸皮基质制成（小麦/麦麸）酸面团,研究了两种不同发酵基质的酸面团及其添加量对酵母面团体系面包烘焙及老化特性的影响。结果表明：与小麦粉制作的空白组面包相比,小麦酸面团可以明显改善面包的比容和感官品质;添加未发酵麦麸制作的非酸面团麦麸面包品质低于空白组,但引入麦麸酸面团（10%、20%、30%）后面包比容和感官评定得分均高于相对应的非酸面团麦麸面包。小麦酸面团和麦麸酸面团以及小麦麸皮均可以改善面包的老化特性,在相同贮藏期内,酸面团面包和麦麸面包的硬度增加量、水分迁移量和老化焓值都低于空白组,并且添加麦麸酸面团的面包其硬度和老化焓值都低于相对应的非酸面团麦麸面包。     

乳杆菌发酵对荞麦面包抗氧化及烘焙特性影响

利用植物乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌发酵荞麦面团制作酸面团面包,研究乳酸菌发酵使面包面团抗氧化和烘焙特性的影响。结果表明:乳酸菌发酵降低了荞麦面团的p H,令其总酸度值增加。乳酸菌发酵使荞麦酸面团抗氧化能力有所提高,其中植物乳杆菌发酵的荞麦面团总酚含量提高21.3%、DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力分别为未发酵荞麦面团的3倍和1.2倍。乳酸菌的引入还能够改善热加工对抗氧化活性物质的影响,烘焙后植物乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌面包的总酚含量仅减少48.5%和51.6%,而DPPH和ABTS自由基清除能力分别仅降低了41.2%、54.8%和69.0%、68.4%。乳酸菌发酵能够显著改善面包的质构,添加发酵乳杆菌后荞麦面包硬度减少了25.5%,其感官评分高于未发酵荞麦面包。     

乳酸菌发酵对面包品质的影响

本论文将按两种比例混合的混合乳酸菌发酵剂按22.3%和44.6%添加到面包制作中,测定发酵面团及面包比容、面包感官、面包质构(如硬度、弹性、咀嚼性等).实验结果表明,添加22.3%的发酵剂有助于面团发酵,增加发酵面团比容,添加量达44.6%的发酵剂却会降低面团的比容;烘烤后,乳酸菌发酵的面包比容小于未添加乳酸菌制作的对...     

萌发玉米粉对发酵的影响

本文研究了萌发6d的玉米粉对乳酸发酵和面包面团发酵的影响.实验结果表明,作为添加成分,在乳酸发酵中,萌发玉米粉可以促进乳酸菌的生长,提高其产酸量,并使发酵乳的粘度迅速增加.在面包面团发酵中,萌发玉米粉能够促进酵母菌的增殖,增加面团持气性,缩短发酵时间.     

产单宁酶乳酸菌发酵红豆、扁豆酸面团的生化特性及其对馒头体外消化的影响

本研究利用一株本课题组前期从自然发酵的豆粉中筛选出的高产单宁酶的发酵乳杆菌D23,来分别发酵红豆、扁豆两种豆类酸面团并制作成馒头,通过测定酸面团发酵前后缩合单宁等抗营养因子含量、多肽分子量分布、游离总酚、游离氨基酸含量,以及馒头淀粉、蛋白质体外消化率,对酸面团的生化特性及馒头的体外消化进行了对比研究。结果表明:通过菌株D23的发酵作用,两种豆类酸面团中缩合单宁含量显著下降(P<0.05),在红豆、扁豆酸面团中分别降低了57.87%、53.54%;大分子量肽含量降低,小分子肽含量升高;游离总酚含量分别升高了75.74%、65.94%;必需氨基酸含量增加了429.31%、358.20%;同时相比普通馒头,酸面团馒头最终消化液中的还原糖含量分别增加了3.27%、5.55%,淀粉的体外消化率得到了提升;蛋白质的最终体外消化率也分别由67.68%、70.21%增加为73.21%、76.97%。因此,该株具有高单宁酶活力的发酵乳杆菌D23可以通过酸面团的发酵作用有效降低豆类基质中缩合单宁等抗营养因子带来的不利影响,并增强最终馒头产品的营养价值,在发酵豆类制品中拥有良好的应用潜力。     

产乳化活性多糖乳酸菌的筛选及其发酵荞麦酸面团、面包的特性

本研究从不同来源的原料中分离得到18株具有产胞外多糖(EPS)能力的乳酸菌,通过对比发酵液及乳酸菌荞麦酸面团的乳化活性,获得一株产EPS且乳化活性较高的乳酸菌,并应用于荞麦酸面团的制作。采用动态流变测定、激光共聚焦观察、质构分析等手段,研究其对荞麦酸面团面包烘焙学特性的影响。结果表明:优选产乳化性多糖的乳酸菌YC'-22经鉴定为发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum strain HBUAS54017),且同源性为100%,EPS产量为1.63 g/L。通过添加乳酸菌荞麦酸面团,使面包面团的面筋网络结构得到强化。相比空白面包(CB),添加1.0%阿拉伯胶的荞麦面包(AGB)、荞麦酸面团面包(SDB)的比容分别增加了12.42%和14.08%,硬度分别降低了13.90%和22.87%;其中SDB面包整体可接受度最高,改善效果最明显。因此,产乳化性多糖的乳酸菌发酵的荞麦酸面团可以作为一种天然的面包功能配料。     

Use of selected sourdough strains of Lactobacillus for removing gluten and enhancing the nutritional properties of gluten-free bread

Forty-six strains of sourdough lactic acid bacteria were screened for proteolytic activity and acidification rate in gluten-free (GF) flours. The sourdough cultures consisted of Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis LS40 and LS41 and Lactobacillus plantarum CF1 and were selected and used for the manufacture of GF bread. Fermentation occurred in two steps: (i) long-time fermentation (16 h) and (ii) fast fermentation (1.5 h) using the previous fermented sourdough as inoculum (ca. 43%, wt/wt) with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast). GF bread started with baker's yeast alone was used as the control. Gluten was added to ingredients before fermentation to simulate contamination. Initial gluten concentration of 400 ppm was degraded to below 20 ppm only in the sourdough GF bread. Before baking, sourdough GF bread showed phytase activity ca. sixfold higher than that of GF bread started with baker's yeast alone. Atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis revealed that the higher phytase activity resulted in an increased availability of free Ca2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+. The concentration of free amino acids also was the highest in sourdough GF bread. Sourdough GF bread had a higher specific volume and was less firm than GF bread started with baker's yeast alone. This study highlighted the use of selected sourdough cultures to eliminate risks of contamination by gluten and to enhance the nutritional properties of GF bread.     

Application of Bifidobacteria as Starter Culture in Whole Wheat Sourdough Breadmaking

This investigation is aimed at developing a new cereal-based product, with increased nutritional quality, by using Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ATCC 27919 as starter in whole wheat sourdough fermentation and evaluating its performance. Four different sourdough levels (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% on flour basis) in bread dough formulation were analysed. The effects of the use of bifidobacteria in sourdough bread were comparatively evaluated with controls (yeast and/or chemically acidified sourdough with antibiotics). The sourdough and dough fermentative parameters analysed were pH, total titratable acidity, d/l-lactic and acetic acids. Bread performance was evaluated by specific volume, slice shape, crumb structure and firmness, crust and crumb colour, pH, total titratable acidity, and d/l-lactic and acetic acids, phytate, and lower myo-inositol phosphate contents. The sourdough breads showed similar technological quality to the control sample, with the exception of specific bread volume (decreased from 2.46 to 2.22 mL/g) and crumb firmness (increased from 2.61 to 3.18 N). Sourdough inoculated with bifidobacteria significantly increased the levels of organic acids in fermented dough and bread. The Bifidobacterium strain contributed to the fermentation process, increasing phytate hydrolysis during fermentation owing to the activation of endogenous cereal phytase and its own phytase, resulting in bread with significantly lower phytate levels (from 7.62 to 1.45 μmol/g of bread in dry matter). The inclusion of sourdough inoculated with bifidobacteria made possible the formulation of whole wheat bread with positive changes in starch thermal properties and a delay and decrease in amylopectin retrogradation.     

融合魏斯氏菌和异常威克汉姆酵母混菌发酵荞麦酸面团馒头的香气物质特征

应用分离自我国酒鬼酒曲中的融合魏斯氏菌和梅兰春酒醅中的异常威克汉姆酵母进行混菌发酵,通过测定菌株生长曲线探索两株菌的共生作用,采用固相微萃取结合气质联用(SPME-GC-MS)和气相电子鼻技术,对比混菌发酵酸面团(MBF)和单菌发酵酸面团及其荞麦馒头风味化合物的差异性。结果表明,在MBF中乳酸菌、酵母菌菌落数分别达到9.38 log CFU/g、8.51 log CFU/g,两株菌具有良好的共生关系。发酵后荞麦酸面团的主要特征风味物质为乙醇、乙酸、乙酸乙酯、乙偶姻和异戊醇。与酵母菌单菌发酵荞麦酸面团馒头相比,混菌发酵馒头中酯类物质相对含量从5.27%提高到9.53%,结合ROAV分析,混菌发酵荞麦馒头的风味强度明显高于单一乳酸发酵和单一酵母发酵,赋予馒头更浓郁的酒香和果香,感官评定证实其整体可接受度高于其他组。     

Utilization of African grains for sourdough bread making

Abstract: Acha and Iburu flours were singly subjected to sourdough fermentation with previously selected autochthonous starters. Sourdoughs were used (30%, wt/wt) as aroma carriers and acidifiers during short time fermentation with the addition of baker's yeast. Acha and Iburu sourdough breads were compared to wheat sourdough bread started with the same strains and to breads made with the same formula but using baker's yeast alone. During Acha and Iburu sourdough fermentations, starter lactic acid bacteria reached almost the same cell density found in wheat sourdoughs. Acidification was more intense. Iburu sourdough bread had the highest total titratable acidity, the lowest pH, and contained the highest levels of free amino acids and phytase activity. The values of in vitro protein digestibility did not differ between Acha sourdough and wheat sourdough breads, while Iburu sourdough bread showed a slightly lower value. Acha and Iburu sourdough breads showed lower specific volume and higher density with respect to wheat sourdough breads. Nevertheless, Acha and Iburu sourdough breads were preferred for hardness and resilience. As shown by sensory analysis, Acha and especially Iburu sourdough breads were appreciated for color, acid taste and flavor, and overall acceptability. Practical Application: This study was aimed at evaluating the technological and nutritional properties of the African cereals Acha and Iburu. Sourdough fermentation and the use of selected starters increased the nutritional and sensory qualities and the potential application for bakery industry.     

Exopolysaccharides from Sourdough Lactic Acid Bacteria

The use of sourdough improves the quality and increases the shelf life of bread. The positive effects are associated with metabolites produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during sourdough fermentation, including organic acids, exopolysaccharides (EPS), and enzymes. EPS formed during sourdough fermentation by glycansucrase activity from sucrose influence the viscoelastic properties of the dough and beneficially affect the texture and shelf life (in particular, starch retrogradation) of bread. Accordingly, EPS have the potential to replace hydrocolloids currently used as bread improvers and meet so the consumer demands for a reduced use of food additives. In this review, the current knowledge about the functional aspects of EPS formation by sourdough LAB especially in baking applications is summarized.     

Impact of sourdough on the texture of bread

Sourdough has been used since ancient times and its ability to improve the quality and increase the shelf-life of bread has been widely described. During sourdough fermentation, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce a number of metabolites which have been shown to have a positive effect on the texture and staling of bread, e.g. organic acids, exopolysaccharides (EPS) and/or enzymes. EPS produced by LAB have the potential to replace more expensive hydrocolloids used as bread improvers. Organic acids affect the protein and starch fractions of flour. Additionally, the drop in pH associated with acid production causes an increase in the proteases and amylases activity of the flour, thus leading to a reduction in staling. While improving the textural qualities of bread, sourdough fermentation also results in increased mineral bioavailability and reduced phytate content. In this review we will be discussing the effect of sourdough on wheat and rye bread as well as the potential of sourdough to improve the quality of gluten-free bread.