磷酸亚铁锂纳米薄膜的制备及其光学性能

将水热法合成的LiFePO4粉体作为原料,通过浸渍-提拉法制备了LiFePO4纳米薄膜。观察了热处理温度对薄膜折射率和透光率等光学性能的影响。结果表明,在120～450℃范围内,随着热处理温度的升高,薄膜折射率和透射率(在可见光区)增大,并膜厚减小。     

热处理对溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnO薄膜性能的影响

以(CH3COO)2Zn·2H2O为前驱物,利用溶胶-凝胶旋转涂膜法以普通玻璃为基底制备ZnO薄膜。分别采用X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见分光光度计和扫描电子显微镜等对ZnO薄膜的物相组分、透射率和表面形貌进行测量与表征。研究了热处理温度对ZnO薄膜的物相结构和光学特性的影响。实验结果表明,ZnO薄膜的物相结构和可见光透射率都与热处理温度有关,随着热处理温度升高,ZnO薄膜的晶粒尺寸增大,晶格常数逐渐减小,薄膜的透射率增大。     

Sb掺杂ZnTe薄膜结构及其光电性能

采用真空蒸发工艺在玻璃衬底上制备了ZnTe和掺Sb-ZnTe多晶薄膜,并在氮气气氛中对薄膜进行热处理.分别利用XRD、SEM、紫外-可见分光光度计、霍尔效应测试仪对薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌、元素组成以及光学、电学性能进行表征,研究Sb掺杂量和热处理对薄膜性能的影响.结果表明:未掺杂薄膜为沿(111)晶面择优生长的立方相闪锌矿结构,导电类型为P型.Sb掺杂并未改变ZnTe薄膜晶体结构和导电类型,但衍射峰强度降低;Sb含量直接影响着Sb在ZnTe中的存在形式,掺Sb后抑制了薄膜中Te和Zn的结合,使薄膜中Te的含量增加;室温下薄膜的光学透过率和光学带隙取决于掺Sb浓度和退火温度,并且掺Sb后ZnTe薄膜的载流子浓度显著增加,导电能力明显增强.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备的ITO薄膜电学及光学性能的研究

以无机盐为出发原料．采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氧化铟锡(ITO)透明导电薄膜。进一步研究了热处理气氛、温度、Sn掺杂量时In2O3薄膜电学及光学性能的影响。分别在氮气、真空和空气3种环境下对薄膜进行热处理．结果表明真空热处理后薄膜的导电性最好。研究了薄膜方块电阻随锡掺杂量的变化．发现薄膜的方阻随掺锡量的增加先减小后增加,并在掺杂量为7mol％左右时达到最低;另外探讨了热处理温度对薄膜光电性能的影响．结果发现薄膜方块电阻随热处理温度的升高而减小．且热处理温度高于700℃后变化不显著,薄膜在可见光区平均透过率随热处理温度升高呈上升趋势。本研究所制得的薄膜可见光区(400-800nm)平均透过率可达85％、方阻约为66Ω。     

基体温度对中频磁控溅射制备的氧化锌镓薄膜性能的影响

利用中频磁控溅射方法,溅射Ga2O3含量为5.7 wt.%的氧化锌镓陶瓷靶材,在不同的基体温度下制备了ZGO薄膜。研究了基体温度对ZGO薄膜的晶体结构、电学和光学性能的影响。结果表明:基体温度对薄膜的晶体结构、近红外反射率和透射率曲线以及薄膜的导电性能有较大影响。当基体温度为400℃,溅射功率密度为2.93 W/cm2,氩气压力为0.5 Pa时,薄膜的电阻率低达4.5×10-4Ω.cm,方块电阻为13Ω,平均可见光(λ=400 nm~800 nm)透射率高于90%。     

超声喷雾热解法制备MgO薄膜及性能研究

采用自制超声喷雾热解装置制得MgO薄膜,用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、紫外可见光分光光度计等研究了MgO薄膜的晶体及微观结构。结果表明,随着沉积温度的提高,薄膜的结晶性能变好,光透射率随之升高;当沉积温度为650℃时,薄膜的晶粒为52.295nm,在可见光波段透射率达到77%。沉积温度对MgO薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌以及光学特性有显著影响,是调控MgO薄膜结构和光学特性的有效手段。     

晶粒尺寸对氧化钒薄膜电学与光学相变特性的影响

采用直流对靶磁控溅射方法制备氧化钒薄膜,通过改变热处理温度获得了具有不同晶粒尺寸的相变特性氧化钒薄膜,对氧化钒薄膜相变过程中电阻和红外光透射率随温度的突变性能进行研究.结果表明:经300℃和360℃热处理后,薄膜内二氧化钒原子分数达到40%,氧化钒薄膜具有绝缘体-金属相变特性,薄膜的晶粒尺寸分别为50nm和100nm;...     

Si90Al10Nx薄膜的工艺控制及光学性能研究

通过改变磁控溅射过程中氩气与氮气(Ar/N2)的分压比,制备了多种不同厚度的Si90Al10Nx薄膜样品,并采用透射率轮廓法对样品在热处理前后的光学性能(包括折射率和消光系数)进行了测量和分析.结果表明,样品的光学性能可通过调整Ar/N2的流量比、薄膜厚度、退火条件等工艺参数加以控制.     

ZnO:Al薄膜的组织结构与性能

用直流磁控反应溅射合金制备了ＺｎＯ薄膜,研究了衬底温度和退火温度对薄膜的结构及电学和光学性能的影响。衬底温度升高能改善薄膜的电学特性,其原因是薄膜晶粒尺寸的增大。温度升高导致薄膜基本光学吸收边向短波移动,但对高透射区（４５０～８５０ｎｍ）的透射率影响不大。     

基体温度对磁控溅射沉积ZAO薄膜性能的影响

利用中频交流磁控溅射方法 ,采用氧化锌铝陶瓷靶材 [w(ZnO) =98%、w(Al2 O3 ) =2 % ]制备了ZAO(ZnO∶Al)薄膜 ,观察了基体温度对ZAO薄膜的晶体结构、电学和光学性能的影响 ,采用X射线衍射仪对薄膜的结构进行了分析 ,采用光学分度计和电阻测试仪测量了薄膜的光学、电学特性 ,采用霍尔测试仪测量了薄膜的载流子浓度和霍尔迁移率。结果表明 :沉积薄膜时的基体温度对薄膜的结构、结晶状况、可见光透射率以及导电性有较大的影响。当基体温度为 2 5 0℃ ,Ar分压为 0 8Pa时 ,薄膜的最低电阻率为 4 6× 10 -4Ω·cm ,方块电阻为 35Ω时 ,可见光 (λ =5 5 0nm)透射率高达 92 0 %。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。