水泥稳定土开级配碎石透水基层的应用

水泥稳定级配碎石透水基层主要利用级配碎石的渗透性与水泥稳定性,使路面基层结构具有渗透性能好、强度高、易施工、适应性广等特点。本文结合某高速公路隧道工程实例,介绍水泥稳定级配碎石的透水性能、原材料组成设计与选择。     

浅谈水泥稳定级配碎石基层的施工工艺

水泥稳定碎石基层是目前在我国被广泛采用的道路与堆场基层材料之一,该材料以级配碎石做骨料,采用一定数量的水泥胶凝材料和足够的灰浆体积填充骨料的空隙,按嵌挤原理摊铺压实,具有良好的力学性能。本文介绍路面基层水泥稳定级配碎石的施工工艺,并从混合料的拌和、运输、摊铺、水泥稳定级配碎石的碾压、基层养生等方面阐述了公路水泥稳定级配碎石基层的施工技术,以保证施工质量。     

级配碎石基层沥青混凝土路面动稳定度试验研究

为了研究级配碎石基层沥青混凝土路面高温稳定性,选取了3种级配碎石基层、3种ES-3型稀浆封层厚度和透层油喷洒量,按3因素3水平进行正交设计9种组合,成型车辙试件,进行车辙试验,试验结果表明,级配碎石基层对动稳定度影响最显著,稀浆封层厚度影响其次,透层油喷洒量几乎无影响。为级配碎石基层沥青混凝土推广应用提供借鉴。     

水泥稳定级配碎石基层材料路用性能及超轴载下疲劳寿命研究

目的研究较低掺量的水泥的级配碎石基层材料完全满足重载交通下的力学性能指标和路用性能指标,分析水泥稳定级配碎石基层材料的路用性能及在重载交通下的适用性.方法运用《公路工程无机结合料稳定材料试验规程》(JTG E51—2009)中规定的试验方法,采用骨架密实型级配,通过静压和振动两种成型方法,在最佳含水量时制作试件.结果当水泥质量分数在3.5%以上时,骨架密实型水泥稳定级配碎石材料的基层强度可以达到重载交通路用性能要求.当轴载不大于140 k N的情况下,水泥稳定级配碎石的使用寿命可以满足设计期内使用的要求.结论使用水泥稳定级配碎石做道路基层时,推荐使用水泥质量分数为3.5%~4.5%,水泥稳定级配碎石基层材料对重载交通具有良好的适用性.     

水泥稳定碎石基层材料特性

从冲刷、疲劳、强度、收缩四个方面论述了水泥稳定碎石基层材料的特性,研究表明:通过增加强度、增大空隙率和降低细料含量等材料组成设计,能够明显的增强材料的抗冲刷性能;适当的增加水泥剂量可以提高水泥稳定碎石基层材料的疲劳寿命,在水泥剂量相同的情况下,偏细级配的水泥稳定碎石基层能具有更好的抗疲劳性能;水泥稳定碎石基层材料的强度不仅通过合适的水泥剂量获得,也取决于良好的骨架级配;经过保湿能够有效的避免干燥收缩,防止其产生收缩裂缝,对水泥剂量的严格控制能够明显的减少水泥稳定碎石基层材料产生温缩裂缝的情况。     

水泥乳化沥青稳定碎石基层收缩特性

由于水泥稳定碎石基层干缩、温缩较大,容易引起路面反射裂缝,提出用水泥乳化沥青复合胶浆来稳定碎石作为一种抗收缩能力较强的新型基层材料.在分析半刚性基层的收缩机理和水泥乳化沥青稳定碎石的微观结构后,进行了干缩试验和温缩试验,并利用室内试验结果计算了水泥稳定碎石和水泥乳化沥青稳定碎石两种混合料作为基层应用时的干缩应力和温缩应力.通过分析比较,水泥乳化沥青稳定碎石的干缩应力和温缩应力更小,表明其抗收缩性能更好,能较好地延缓基层开裂.     

设置过渡层的半刚性基层沥青路面的合理结构

针对半刚性基层在沥青路面使用过程引起的裂缝破坏,使其在高等级公路中的适用性受到质疑的问题,通过设置级配碎石和沥青碎石过渡层使半刚性基层的层位实现向下放置,实现了改善半刚性基层受力和减少裂缝的目的。采用ANSYS计算设置不同厚度的级配碎石和沥青碎石过渡层,分析路面结构在荷载作用下基层厚度变化时轮隙中心的受力情况,以考察适宜的半刚性基层层位和厚度。力学分析结果表明：采用厚度为12～15cm的级配碎石层和厚度为25～35cm的半刚性基层、或设置厚度为10～15cm的沥青碎石层和厚度为20～30cm的半刚性基层这两种结构,完全可以满足控制路面结构开裂的指标要求;能减少路面结构出现裂缝,延长沥青路面的结构寿命。     

根据疲劳性能优选沥青稳定基层的矿料级配

沥青稳定基层是不同与半刚性基层的另一种类型的沥青路面基层,目前国内使用尚少,而国外使用较多,本文研究了2种级配的的沥青稳定基层材料的疲劳性能,首先通过与国外沥青稳定基层常用级配及国内相关级配的比较,经过大量的马歇尔试验和强度试验,初选出沥青稳定碎石1#和沥青稳定碎石2#两种级配类型,然后,在MTS-810材料试验系统上进行了应力控制的疲劳试验,研究其抗疲劳性能,并进行疲劳寿命预估研究表明,这2种级配的沥青混合料的力学性能和疲劳性能优良,能够用于修筑高等级公路的沥青稳定基层。     

沥青稳定碎石混合料路用性能研究

沥青稳定碎石基层属于柔性基层的范畴。本文通过对四种不同级配的沥青稳定碎石路用性能试验数据的分析,研究级配与沥青稳定碎石路用性能之间的关系,分析不同型号沥青对沥青混合料路用性能的影响,确定了一种路用性能良好且易于施工的级配范围。     

基于颗粒流方法的碎石渗透系数分析

渗透系数是级配碎石渗流特性的重要参数,通过颗粒流数值方法建立碎石土渗流计算模型,利用流动方程和水压方程以及碎石之间的应力变形响应进行耦合计算,得到相应级配碎石的渗流系数,数值计算结果表明:颗粒流数值分析方法(PFC)适用于模拟任意形状、大小的单元集合体,允许单元在受力过程中发生开裂和运动.颗粒流不需要给出材料的宏观参数,只需给出材料的细观参数,通过细观结果的累加,PFC可以模拟材料在宏观状态下的表象.给出的9种级配碎石的渗透性远大于规范要求的级配集料的渗透系数,渗透系数均满足工程要求,但综合比较,孔隙率较大的碎石3类较优.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.