腮腺间隙原发病变的CT和MRI影像诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:提高腮腺间隙原发病变影像诊断及鉴别诊断能力。方法:回顾性分析32例腮腺间隙原发病变的影像特征,包括25例良性肿瘤及肿瘤样病变,7例原发恶性肿瘤。结果:CT和MRI能显示病变累及的范围。多形性腺瘤局部含有丰富的纤维粘液样基质,在T2WI上呈高信号以及增强后明显强化。腮腺腺淋巴瘤多位于腮腺浅叶下极,表现为边界清楚的双侧或单侧多发的囊实性肿瘤,增强扫描早期明显强化。基底细胞瘤呈T1WI、T2WI低信号,增强后呈早期及延迟强化。1例血管淋巴管瘤和1例淋巴管瘤表现边界较清的弥漫性软组织肿块,具有"钻缝生长"特征。神经鞘瘤在MRI上信号不均匀,可见斑片状T2高信号,增强后不均匀明显强化。恶性肿瘤边界不清,浸润生长,T2WI呈低信号,增强后不均匀强化。其它病变缺乏影像学特征。结论:腮腺间隙原发病变有一定的临床及影像特征,术前CT和/或MRI检查,有利于病变的诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗方法的选择。     

腮腺黏液表皮样癌的CT和MRI表现

目的:探讨腮腺黏液表皮样癌(MEC)的CT和MRI表现,提高其诊断准确率。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的9例腮腺MEC的CT和MRI资料,分析腮腺肿块大小、形态、边界、密度、信号、强化模式、周围结构侵犯及颈部淋巴结情况。结果:9例病灶均为单发,5例累及腮腺浅深两叶,1例位于腮腺深叶,3例位于腮腺浅叶。3例行CT检查,6例行MRI检查。5例边界不清,2例边界欠清,2例边界较清。不规则软组织肿块4例,不规则囊实性肿块1例,类圆形结节2例,患侧腮腺稍肿胀2例。肿瘤实性成分CT呈等密度,T_1WI呈等信号、T_2WI呈等或稍高信号,脂肪抑制T_2WI序列呈不均匀高信号。5例病灶伴不同程度囊变区,5例增强扫描呈环形或分隔样强化。2例患侧颈部Ⅱ区见增大淋巴结。9例病理结果示中分化4例,高分化5例。结论:腮腺内病灶呈现密度或信号不均匀、边界不清,病灶内或边缘见小囊状或片状囊腔,早期明显强化或环形强化时,提示腮腺MEC,确诊仍需结合临床病理检查。     

腺腺淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现特征

目的：探讨腮腺腺淋巴瘤的,临床及CT、MRI表现特征。方法：回顾性分析经组织病理学证实的24例腮腺腺淋巴瘤患者的临床及CT、MRI表现特点,着重观察其部位、大小、形态、边缘、CT密度或MRI信号、强化形式等。结果：24例均为中老年男性,20例有嗜烟史。24例CT和MRI共发现56个病灶,其中单发9例,多发15例。49个病灶位于腮腺浅叶,7个病灶跨叶,32个病灶位于腮腺浅叶后下极。病灶长径0．3～4．6cm,平均长径约2．9cm。53个病灶包膜完整,边缘清楚。30个病灶呈实性,26个呈囊实性,囊变区呈裂隙状或分隔状。实性部分CT表现为密度均匀肿块,增强多呈中度至明显强化。MRI平扫病灶信号均匀或不均匀,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号。增强多呈早期明显强化、延迟期强化减低。部分病灶可见血管包绕或小血管穿行,邻近下颌后静脉受压推移。结论：腮腺腺淋巴瘤的,临床和CT、MRI表现具有一定特征性,分析其CT和MRI表现并结合临床资料,可为诊断提供重要参考。     

腮腺上皮良性肿瘤的CT与MRI表现

目的:探讨腮腺上皮良性肿瘤的CT及MRI表现,提高对其诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析40例腮腺上皮来源良性肿瘤患者的临床及影像资料,分析其CT及MRI表现。结果:40例腮腺肿瘤多表现为位于腮腺浅叶的圆形、椭圆形软组织肿块,边缘光滑,密度、信号较为均匀,呈渐进性或快进快出型强化方式;其中多形性腺瘤23例,腺淋巴瘤12例(3例多发),基底细胞腺瘤4例,嗜酸性粒细胞腺瘤1例。结论:CT和MRI对腮腺上皮良性肿瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

腮腺腺淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现特征

【摘要】 目的：探讨腮腺腺淋巴瘤的临床及CT、MRI表现特征。方法：回顾性分析经组织病理学证实的24例腮腺腺淋巴瘤患者的临床及CT、MRI表现特点,着重观察其部位、大小、形态、边缘、CT密度或MRI信号、强化形式等。结果：24例均为中老年男性,20例有嗜烟史。24例CT和MRI共发现56个病灶,其中单发9例,多发15例。49个病灶位于腮腺浅叶,7个病灶跨叶,32个病灶位于腮腺浅叶后下极。病灶长径0.3～4.6cm,平均长径约2.9cm。53个病灶包膜完整,边缘清楚。30个病灶呈实性,26个呈囊实性,囊变区呈裂隙状或分隔状。实性部分CT表现为密度均匀肿块,增强多呈中度至明显强化。MRI平扫病灶信号均匀或不均匀,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号。增强多呈早期明显强化、延迟期强化减低。部分病灶可见血管包绕或小血管穿行,邻近下颌后静脉受压推移。结论：腮腺腺淋巴瘤的临床和CT、MRI表现具有一定特征性,分析其CT和MRI表现并结合临床资料,可为诊断提供重要参考。     

腮腺腺淋巴瘤的MRI表现

目的探讨MRI对腮腺腺淋巴瘤的表现特征的显示。资料与方法回顾性分析17例经病理证实的腮腺腺淋巴瘤的影像资料。结果 (1)17例腮腺腺淋巴瘤患者中男16例,女1例,50岁以上者13例。9例病灶单发,8例多发,共32个病灶,病灶中心位于腮腺后下象限者18个(56.25%),形态呈类圆形28个(87.5%),分叶4个(12.5%),边缘清楚31个(96.88%),边缘模糊1个。(2)和肌肉相比,病灶在快速自旋回波(FSE)T1WI显示为等、稍高、高信号的数目分别占5/32个(15.625%),25/32个(78.125%),2/32个(6.25%);FSE T2WI及T2WI脂肪抑制序列呈中等高信号,数目分别为17/32个,15/32个;2/32个,30/32个;FSE T1WI信号均匀31/32个,FSET2WI及T2WI脂肪抑制序列信号不均匀者32/32个,小囊变区18/32个(56.25%),32个病灶均显示低信号包膜;(3)增强轻度强化比率31.25%,中度强化31.25%,明显强化37.5%;(4)17例中,误诊为混合瘤4例,2例笼统诊断为良性肿瘤,余11例均正确诊断为腺淋巴瘤。结论中年以上的男性,MRI发现腮腺浅叶的后下象限具有良性肿瘤病灶特征,平扫各序列显示有低信号包膜,在FSE T1WI,FSE T2WI及FSE T2WI脂肪抑制序列信号特征多为稍高/中等高/高信号。采用FSE T2WI脂肪抑制序列观察到内部有小囊变区,强化多为中等或明显强化,且病灶多发时,诊断时应首先考虑腺淋巴瘤可能。     

The MR Features of Parotid Adenolymphomas

目的 探讨MRI对腮腺腺淋巴瘤的表现特征的显示.资料与方法 回顾性分析17例经病理证实的腮腺腺淋巴瘤的影像资料.结果 (1)17例腮腺腺淋巴瘤患者中男16例,女1例,50岁以上者13例.9例病灶单发,8例多发,共32个病灶,病灶中心位于腮腺后下象限者18个(56.25％),形态呈类圆形28个(87.5％),分叶4个(12.5％),边缘清楚31个(96.88％),边缘模糊1个.(2)和肌肉相比,病灶在快速自旋回波(FSE)T1WI显示为等、稍高、高信号的数目分别占5/32个(15.625％),25/32个(78.125％),2/32个(6.25％);FSE T2WI及T2 WI脂肪抑制序列呈中等高信号,数目分别为17/32个,15/32个;2/32个,30/32个;FSE T1WI信号均匀31/32个,FSET2WI及L WI脂肪抑制序列信号不均匀者32/32个,小囊变区18/32个(56.25％),32个病灶均显示低信号包膜;(3)增强轻度强化比率31.25％,中度强化31.25％,明显强化37.5％;(4) 17例中,误诊为混合瘤4例,2例笼统诊断为良性肿瘤,余11例均正确诊断为腺淋巴瘤.结论 中年以上的男性,MRI发现腮腺浅叶的后下象限具有良性肿瘤病灶特征,平扫各序列显示有低信号包膜,在FSE T1WI,FSE T2WI及FSE T2WI脂肪抑制序列信号特征多为稍高/中等高/高信号.采用FSE T2WI脂肪抑制序列观察到内部有小囊变区,强化多为中等或明显强化,且病灶多发时,诊断时应首先考虑腺淋巴瘤可能.     

儿童颈肩部淋巴管瘤的MRI表现

目的:探讨儿童颈肩部淋巴管瘤的MRI影像表现,以加深对该疾病的认识.方法:26例经手术病理证实的淋巴管瘤MRI数据纳入回顾性研究,分析病灶的部位、结构形态与边缘、信号特征以及增强表现等.结果:病灶全部位于组织间隙内,其中80.8%位于肌间隙内,其余位于皮下间隙.病变由多个囊性结构构成,可以分为单囊为主型(55%)和多囊型(45%),25例病灶内有分割,88.5%的病灶形态不规则.87%的病灶T_1WI呈等低信号且不均匀,全部病灶在T_2WI呈高信号,多囊者各囊内信号可不同.增强后半数有分隔强化.结论:儿童颈肩部淋巴管瘤典型MRI表现是位于组织间隙内的、不规则的多囊性病灶,呈长T_1长T_2信号,常有分隔,分隔可强化或不强化,不同的囊内信号可不同.     

原发性颞下窝肿瘤的CT与MRI特点分析

目的 探讨原发性颞下窝肿瘤的CT、MRI表现特点.方法 回顾性分析经手术或穿刺病理证实的21例原发性颞下窝肿瘤的CT及MRI资料,分析其影像学表现.结果 21例中良性肿瘤10例(47.6％),包括血管瘤4例,神经鞘瘤2例,神经纤维瘤3例,脂肪瘤1例;恶性肿瘤11例(52.4％),包括横纹肌肉瘤3例,滑膜肉瘤2例,腺样囊性癌2例,腺泡状软组织肉瘤2例,纤维肉瘤和淋巴瘤各1例.血管瘤呈渐进性显著强化,常伴钙化,MRI T2WI病灶内见流空信号.神经鞘瘤表现为不均匀强化的软组织肿块,伴有出血、坏死、囊变.神经纤维瘤密度/信号较均匀,内含有散在钙化灶.脂肪瘤CT及MRI均表现为脂肪密度/信号肿块,边界清晰.横纹肌肉瘤、纤维肉瘤及淋巴瘤浸润性生长并向邻近间隙蔓延,增强扫描均匀或不均匀强化.滑膜肉瘤边界较清楚,强化明显,可伴不规则钙化.腺样囊性癌表现为浸润性生长的软组织肿块,内可见“筛状”改变.腺泡状软组织肉瘤为不均匀软组织肿块,病灶中央及周边有流空血管为其特征性影像学表现.结论 颞下窝原发性肿瘤少见,熟悉其影像学特点有利于提高诊断及鉴别诊断水平.     

腮腺腺淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现

目的:探讨腮腺腺淋巴瘤(Wartthin瘤)的CT、MRI影像学表现.方法:回顾性分析经手术及活检病理证实的12例腮腺Warthin氏瘤的CT、MRI的影像学表现.结果:12例腮腺Warthin瘤均为单侧发病,男性10例,女性2例,50岁以上8例(66.7%).单发9例,多发3例,共16个病灶,其中9个(56.3%)病灶位于腮腺后下方.病灶呈圆形、椭圆形及分叶状软组织肿块,边缘光整,密度均匀或不均匀,囊变区呈类圆形液性密度灶;MRI T1WI病灶呈低信号,脂肪抑制T2WI呈高信号,囊变区呈更长T1、长T2信号,大多表现为早期轻中度强化.结论:根据腮腺Warthin瘤的发病年龄、性别、部位及影像学表现,有助于该病诊断和鉴别诊断.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

人体中的镭-226、镭-228、钋-210、铅-210

本文报道了广东阳江高本底地区6名、对照地区8名人尸体的骨²²⁶Ra、²²⁶Ra的浓度以及部分居民内脏器官中。²¹⁰Po、²¹⁰Pb的浓度。结果轰明阳江高本底地区和对照地区居民骨镭-226、镭-228的浓度分别为29.9pCi/kg, 26.9pCi/kgl 8.7pCi/kg, 8.2pCi/kg.由此估算出阳江高本底地区屠民骨中²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra的负薄璧及对骨衬、骨髓所产生的剂量当量分别为对照地区民民的3.4倍, 3.3倍。两地区居民内脏器官中^{210Po、210Pb的测定分析铡数较少但仍看出, 高本底地区均明显高于对照地区.}     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).