纳米Al2O3/尼龙复合材料的制备及性能表征EI

为了提高单体浇铸尼龙6的高温性能,用纳米Al2O3对单体浇铸尼龙尼龙进行填充增强,采用原位聚合技术制备了纳米Al2O3/尼龙复合材料(简称NA/MCN),用万能材料试验机测试了复合材料的拉伸强度,用扫描电镜观察了断口形貌特征,通过动态热机械分析仪对材料的热机械性能进行了表征,并与微米Al2O3增强铸型尼龙复合材料进行了对比分析,研究了粒子的粒径、粒子含量对复合材料拉伸强度和热力学性能的影响.采用傅里叶红外光谱研究了复合材料的结构.结果表明,复合材料的拉伸强度和玻璃化温度比尼龙基体明显提高,而储能模量的变化不大,纳米粒子增强尼龙复合材料的拉伸强度和玻璃化转变温度明显高于微米粒子增强尼龙复合材料;并且纳米氧化铝与尼龙基体之间存在化学相互作用.     

Gd_2O_3/MC尼龙纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

用原位分散聚合法制备了一系列Gd2O3/ME尼龙纳米复合材料,用SEM观察了Gd2O3纳米粒子在MC尼龙基体中的分散情况,用XRD研究了复合材料的晶体结构,并对复合材料的力学性能进行了表征.研究结果表明:(1)用原位分散聚合法制备Gd2O3//ME尼龙纳米复合材料是可行的,Gd2O3纳米粒子均匀分散在MC尼龙基体中,团聚情况较少;(2)GD2O3纳米粒子没有改变MC尼龙的结晶形态,但使其晶格尺寸发生了一定程度的改变;(3)纳米Gd2O3的加入可明显改善MC尼龙的力学性能,对MC尼龙同时具有增强和增韧双重效果.随着纳米Gd2O3用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量都呈先升后降的趋势.当纳米Gd2O3用量为0.5%时,复合材料的综合性能最好,其拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别比MC尼龙基体提高19.6%、47.2%、19.7%、9.3%%和11.7%.     

LLDPE/Al_2O_3纳米复合材料的形态、结构及力学性能

在超声作用下利用异丙基十二烷基磺酰钛酸酯改性Al2O3纳米粒子,然后把改性纳米Al2O3粒子及LLDPE颗粒引入密炼机中,以熔融共混方法制备LLDPE/纳米Al2O3复合材料.采用FESEM对复合材料中纳米粒子的分散形态进行表征,结果表明,当纳米Al2O3粒子含量为3%时,绝大多数的纳米粒子以<100nm的尺寸均匀分散在基体中;采用FTIR对纳米复合材料的结构进行表征,结果表明,纳米Al2O3与LLDPE之间形成了化学键合结构;力学分析表明,纳米复合材料的拉伸强度及断裂伸长率均有所增加;采用SEM观察拉伸断裂面的形貌,结果表明,适量的纳米Al2O3粒子可以增强、增韧聚合物基体,而基体和纳米粒子的相容性差时,会逐渐引入缺陷.     

纳米Al2O3改性玻璃纤维增强复合材料低温力学性能研究

简述了纳米Al2O3改性玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的制备,并对其常温、低温力学性能进行实验。结果表明,常温、低温下,复合材料的力学性能随着纳米Al2O3含量的增加都呈现先增强后减弱的趋势。低温处理使复合材料的力学性能得到提升,并且低温下Al2O3的引入对复合材料强度的改善效果比常温下明显,Al2O3含量为1%(质量分数)时,拉伸强度提高比例高达16.61%。其原因是低温下基体强度增大,另外基体热膨胀系数大,收缩明显,界面粘接强度增大,纳米Al2O3颗粒在界面处与树脂基体结合更深入,从而使纳米粒子阻碍微裂纹扩展的能力更强。     

稀土氧化物/MC尼龙纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

用原位分散聚合法制备了一系列稀土氧化物(La2O3、Sm2O3、Nd2O3、Gd2O3、Dy2O3)/MC尼龙纳米复合材料,用SEM观察了稀土氧化物纳米粒子在MC尼龙基体中的分散情况,用XRD研究了复合材料的晶体结构,并对复合材料的力学性能进行了表征.研究结果表明:用原位分散聚合法制备稀土氧化物/MC尼龙纳米复合材料是可行的,稀土氧化物纳米粒子均匀分散在MC尼龙基体中,团聚情况很少;稀土纳米氧化物没有改变MC尼龙的结晶形态,但使其晶格尺寸发生了一定程度的改变;稀土纳米氧化物可显著改善MC尼龙的力学性能,对MC尼龙同时具有增强和增韧的双重效果.     

MC尼龙/Dy_2O_3纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

用原位分散聚合法制备了MC尼龙/Dy2O3纳米复合材料,采用SEM、XRD、力学性能测试等对复合材料进行了分析。研究表明,加入少量纳米Dy2O3可明显改善MC尼龙的力学性能和耐磨性,起到同时增强、增韧和耐磨的作用,当纳米Dy2O3的用量为0.5%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率达到最大值,分别比MC基体提高15.9%和49.3%,当纳米Dy2O3的用量为1.0%时,复合材料的缺口冲击强度达到最大值,比MC尼龙提高26.8%,磨耗体积达到最小值,比MC尼龙降低84.6%。     

纳米粒子改性环氧树脂及其复合材料力学性能研究

通过机械共混法制备了Al2O3纳米粒子改性环氧树脂基体,研究了纳米粒子含量对改性树脂基体力学性能的影响,并采用紧凑拉伸实验研究了纳米粒子改性环氧树脂的断裂韧性。利用改性树脂制备了玻璃纤维增强复合材料,研究了改性复合材料的力学性能与纳米粒子含量之间的关系。结果表明:纳米粒子的加入明显改善了环氧树脂基体的断裂韧性并且有助于提高树脂与纤维之间的界面粘接强度,因而使改性复合材料的层间性能明显提高而其他力学性能基本不变。     

纳米Al_2O_3分布对Al_2O_3/PE-EVA复合材料导热性能与力学性能的影响

旨在将纳米Al2O3分散在聚乙烯(PE)和乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)的共混物中,构建具有选择性分布结构的局域高粒子浓度导热复合材料。采用纳米Al2O3为导热填料,以PE和EVA为基体树脂,使用熔融共混法制备了Al2O3/PE-EVA导热复合材料。利用选择性溶液萃取方法和SEM研究了PE-EVA共混物的相结构及纳米Al2O3在共混物中的分布,评价了Al2O3/PE-EVA复合材料的导热性能与力学性能。结果表明:在PE与EVA质量比为1∶1时可获得具有两相共连续结构的共混物;在两相共连续PE-EVA共混物中引入纳米Al2O3后,发现纳米Al2O3主要分布在PE相中;纳米Al2O3的分布行为及共连续结构的形成有助于提高复合材料的导热性能,在纳米Al2O3质量分数为50%时,与Al2O3/PE复合材料相比,具有选择分布和相连续结构的Al2O3/PEEVA复合材料的热导率提高了21.2%;随着纳米Al2O3质量分数的增加,Al2O3/PE-EVA复合材料的拉伸强度与Al2O3/PE复合材料的拉伸强度相近,同时由于EVA相的增韧作用,其断裂伸长率优于Al2O3/PE复合材料。     

等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2涂层微观组织结构与力学性能分析

采用等离子喷涂技术在钢基体上表面制备了Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层,喷涂粉末分别采用微米和纳米结构,测试了涂层的显微硬度;采用定量分析软件测定了涂层孔隙率并通过扫描电镜分析了涂层的显微组织;采用拉伸试验机测试了涂层的结合强度。结果表明,微米粉制备的Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层具有明显的层状结构,纳米粉制备的Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层在层状结构的基础上镶嵌有大量的未融化和部分融化的粒子;纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层粒子间结合紧密,孔隙率低,结合强度高,显微硬度高。     

选择性激光烧结法制备聚合物/Al2O3纳米复合材料

介绍了一种新的简单实用的制备大块聚合物/无机纳米复合材料的方法,即探索性地采用选择性激光烧结(SLS)法来制备聚合物/Al2O3纳米复合材料.结果表明,以表面已预处理的聚合物与纳米粒子Al2O3混合粉料作为SLS用粉,在一定的激光烧结工艺参数条件下,可将其烧结成纳米粒子均匀分散在聚合物基体中的块体材料;并可通过控制激光功率和扫描速度等激光烧结工艺参数获得不同性能的聚合物/纳米复合材料.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。