偏铝酸钠去除高盐废水中二氧化硅的试验研究

研究了偏铝酸钠的投加比、pH对二氧化硅去除效果的影响,同时考察了偏铝酸钠除硅时对Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)的去除效果。研究表明,当pH控制在8.5时对二氧化硅的去除效果最佳,同时偏铝酸钠与二氧化硅的投加质量比在2∶1时即可将废水中的二氧化硅降至5 mg/L以下,去除率达到95%以上。除硅后产水中残留铝离子仅有0.47 mg/L,不会造成铝离子含量的明显上升;在偏铝酸钠除硅过程中对钙离子几乎没有去除作用,而对镁离子有15%的去除率。     

超高石灰铝法处理促进剂二苯胍生产废水

采用超高石灰铝法处理促进剂二苯胍生产废水,研究氢氧化钙和偏铝酸钠物质的量比、反应温度、反应时间对废水中硫酸根去除率的影响。结果表明:在氢氧化钙/偏铝酸钠物质的量比为3/1、反应温度为90℃、反应时间为60 min的条件下,废水中的硫酸根去除率可达到97%;反应产物钙矾石可作为类水滑石使用,取得良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

小晶粒丝光沸石的制备

以自制二氧化硅为硅源、市售偏铝酸钠为铝源合成丝光沸石。采用正交分析法考察了碱度、硅铝物质的量比、水量及模板剂含量诸因素对合成丝光沸石结晶度的影响,在n(Al₂O₃)∶n(Na₂O)∶n(SiO₂)∶n(H₂ O)∶n(模板剂)=1∶28∶17∶110∶2和165 ℃条件下晶化16 h,可以得到相对纯净的丝光沸石晶体粉末。对影响丝光沸石晶粒尺寸的因素（搅拌速率、老化时间、晶化时间和晶化温度）进行了分析,并讨论了其影响机理。     

咪唑啉缓蚀剂的合成及对二氧化碳的缓蚀性能

以油酸和二乙烯三胺为原料,油酸酸(n)和二乙烯三胺(n)的原料配比为1∶1.2、合成反应温度为160℃、反应时间为3 h条件下合成油溶性咪唑啉型缓蚀剂;测定反应过程中的胺值,通过失重法考察其缓蚀性能。结果显示,二乙烯三胺的转化率为71.60%;合成的缓蚀剂添加量为500 mg/L,单独使用缓蚀效果不够理想,缓蚀效率为:80.05%;与1%的氟碳表面活性剂复配、添加量为500 mg/L、反应温度为80℃、转速为25 r/min及时间为24 h的情况下,缓蚀率最高可以达到94.65%。     

过碱性硫化壬基水杨酸钙清净剂的开发

通过金属化、羧基化、硫化等步骤 ,进行了过碱性硫化壬基水杨酸钙清净剂的开发研究 ,得到较为适宜的原料量比为 :n(氧化钙 )∶n(壬基酚 ) =0 .5∶1 0 ,n(乙二醇 )∶n(氧化钙 ) =( 0 .8～1 0 )∶1 0 ,n(硫 )∶n(氧化钙 ) =( 1.0～ 1.2 )∶1 0 ;各步骤适宜的操作参数为 :①金属化 :温度 16 0℃ ,压力 (N2 )常压 ,时间 4h ;②羧基化 :温度 2 0 0℃ ,压力 (CO2 ) 0 .6～ 0 .8MPa ,时间 2h ;③硫化 :温度 180℃ ,压力 (CO2 ) 0 6MPa ,时间 3～ 4h。产品总碱值达到 183mgKOH/g。     

亚硫酸亚铁铵沉淀法去除高浓度氨氮的反应特性及工艺研究

首次报道了采用亚硫酸亚铁铵沉淀法去除高浓度氨氮废水。系统地研究了该方法的反应过程特性、产物纯度及溶解度特征,同时研究了影响氨氮脱除效率的工艺参数(反应初始pH、药剂量、反应温度)。结果表明：亚硫酸亚铁铵法去除氨氮的反应过程呈两阶段变化,在pH为6,加药量n(NH₄⁺)∶n(Fe²⁺)∶n(SO₃^2-)为0.5∶1∶1,反应温度为25℃时,可实现氨氮浓度为14 000 mg/L的模拟废水的去除88.04%氨氮,并以高纯度的亚硫酸亚铁铵结晶回收。另外,该反应能在氧气气氛下发生,且不能影响反应效率。     

生物质煤气废水氨氮脱除的研究

生物质煤气废水是一种新出现的高浓度氨氮有机废水.作者采用化学沉淀法去除该废水中的氨氮,研究了不同沉淀剂、pH、温度和搅拌时间对氨氮去除效果的影响.结果表明,MgCl2 Na3PO4·12H2O明显优于其他沉淀剂组合.当n(Mg2 )∶n(NH4 )∶n(PO3-4)=1∶1∶1、pH 10.0、温度30 ℃、搅拌时间30 min时,废水中的氨氮质量浓度从处理前的222 mg/L降到17 mg/L,去除率为92.3%.     

焙烧水滑石去除氯离子性能研究

利用水滑石 (LDH)焙烧后在一定条件下可重新吸收水和阴离子从而部分恢复层状结构的结构记忆效应 ,研究了 3种工业级LDH不同温度下的焙烧产物即焙烧水滑石 (CLDH)去除Cl-的行为。射线粉末衍射仪表征了它们的结构特征。CLDH对氯离子的去除实验表明 ,n(Mg)∶n(Al)比值为 3和 4的LDH在 5 0 0～ 6 0 0℃下焙烧的CLDH对氯离子的去除率达到 95 %以上 ,1gCLDH去除氯离子的最大量约 5 9 6mg。     

醋酸铜氨废液中铜的回收及其废水处理研究

针对醋酸铜氨废液总铜、氨氮、化学需氧量含量高的特点，提出了蒸汽吹脱-铁屑置换-Fenton氧化-磷酸铵镁沉淀组合处理工艺。实验结果表明，蒸汽吹脱最佳条件为：蒸汽吹脱温度70℃,吹脱时间70 min,氨氮去除率达到96.5%;铁屑置换最佳条件为：pH为1.5,铁屑投加量为理论值的1.8倍，置换时间60 min,经置换反应后废液中铜质量浓度降至0.255 g/L,铜置换率达到99.71%;Fenton氧化最佳条件为：pH为3.0,n(H₂O₂)∶n(Fe²⁺)=3.34∶1,反应时间30 min,废液COD_Cr从11300 mg/L降至358 mg/L,COD_Cr去除率达到96.83%;磷酸铵镁沉淀最佳条件为：pH为9.0,n(Mg)∶n(N)=1.2,n(P)∶n(N)=1.0,反应时间10 min;在最佳工艺条件下，废水最终出水水质氨氮<25.8 mg/L,余磷量<7.5 mg/L,COD_Cr<360 mg/L,总铜<0.02 mg...     

Bi-β分子筛合成条件的研究

以四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂、偏铝酸钠为铝源、硅胶粉为硅源、硝酸铋为铋源,在碱性条件下,水热法合成了Bi-β分子筛,该分子筛在苯乙烯氧化制苯甲醛的反应中有较好的催化活性。通过改变硅源和晶化时间,调节模板剂、偏铝酸钠和硝酸铋的用量,寻找到较佳的合成条件：n（SiO₂）∶n（Al₂O₃）＝30,n（SiO₂）∶n（Bi₂O₃）＝100,n（TEA⁺）∶n（SiO₂）＝0.5,晶化温度145 ℃,晶化时间3天,对合成条件的影响因素进行了探讨。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。