双酶法制备豌豆肽及其抗氧化活性

研究豌豆蛋白双酶水解的最佳工艺条件及产物的抗氧化活性。以豌豆蛋白粉为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化出双酶分段水解豌豆蛋白的工艺条件,并初步研究豌豆肽的抗氧化活性。结果表明,双酶法制备豌豆肽的最佳工艺条件为:底物浓度10%,复合蛋白酶加酶量3.0%,pH 9.0,温度55℃,酶解3.5 h;用碱性蛋白酶酶解,加酶量3.0%,pH 9.5,温度50℃,酶解4.0 h。由此酶解得到水解物的水解度为39.61%。水解液蛋白浓度0.125 mg/mL时,其对Fe2+螯合能力为83.22%。试验表明和单酶水解相比,双酶水解工艺可提高豌豆蛋白的水解度和抗氧化活性。     

酶解玉米蛋白制备降血压肽的研究

以玉米蛋白粉为原料,选用7种蛋白酶分别进行单一酶和复合酶水解生产玉米蛋白降血压肽,用Cushman紫外分光光度法测定水解液的ACE抑制活性。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶Alcalase2.4L水解液具有最大的ACE抑制率,水解条件优化实验确定最适pH为8.0,温度为55～60℃,底物浓度为2.5%,加酶量为48AU/kg。水解度15.96%时所得水解物对ACE抑制作用最强,IC50为0.125mg/mL。     

Alcalase和Flavourzyme协同修饰玉米蛋白制备抗氧化活性蛋白水解物

采用Alcalase和Flavourzyme对高底物浓度玉米蛋白单酶水解条件进行优化,并研究双酶协同水解玉米蛋白制备抗氧化活性蛋白水解物的工艺。结果表明:Alcalase的适宜水解条件为酶解温度50℃,p H 7.7,加酶量2%(V/m),反应时间75 min,该条件下玉米蛋白水解物的DPPH自由基清除率和还原力分别为74.34%和0.984;Flavourzyme适宜水解条件为酶解温度53℃,p H 6.4,加酶量5%(m/m),反应时间50 min,该条件下玉米蛋白水解物的DPPH自由基清除率和还原力分别为70.55%和0.715。双酶协同水解过程中Alcalase+Flavourzyme较Flavourzyme+Alcalase所得玉米蛋白水解物的抗氧化活性高,在110 min时Alcalase+Flavourzyme水解所得玉米蛋白水解物的DPPH自由基清除率与还原力达到整个水解过程中的最高值,分别为91.32%和1.341。     

大米蛋白的木瓜酶酶解及其水解物的抗氧化活性

以大米蛋白为原料,研究其酶解工艺及其水解物的抗氧化活性.选取底物浓度、加酶量、酶解pH、酶解温度为考察因素,进行了酶解工艺的单因素及正交试验.试验结果表明,底物浓度([S])10%,加酶量([E] /[S])5%,酶解pH 6.0,酶解温度60℃,酶解时间90 min为最佳酶解参数,在此条件下大米蛋白水解物的固形物含量为25.6mg/mL,对DPPH自由基清除率为54.5%.抗氧化试验显示,大米蛋白水解物具有一定的清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基能力,其IC50分别为1.738和0.238mg/mL.大米蛋白水解物同样也具有较强的还原能力.由此得出,大米蛋白水解物是一种天然的抗氧化肽.     

Alcalase碱性蛋白酶酶解蚕豆蛋白的研究

蚕豆经去皮、粉碎、除淀粉后,得到蚕豆粗蛋白.采用Alcalase碱性蛋白酶酶解蚕豆蛋白制备蚕豆蛋白水解物.通过单因素试验,调查了pH、底物质量分数、酶用量(E∶S)和酶解温度等因素对Alcalase碱性蛋白酶酶解蚕豆蛋白效果的影响.通过正交试验设计,确定Alcalase碱性蛋白酶酶解蚕豆蛋白适宜的工艺参数:酶解温度60℃,底物质量分数3％,酶用量(E∶nS)8％,pH 9.0,此条件下,蚕豆蛋白水解度(DH)达最大,为21.67％.该结果与Alcalase碱性蛋白酶水解大豆蛋白、绿豆蛋白和小麦蛋白等适宜条件参数接近.     

木瓜蛋白酶水解苜蓿叶蛋白工艺优化研究

以苜蓿叶蛋白粉为原料,利用木瓜蛋白酶水解制备寡肽。研究底物浓度、加酶量、水解温度和反应体系p H四因素对酶解效率和抗氧化活性的影响。在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验确定苜蓿叶蛋白的最佳水解工艺条件:温度为50℃,p H 6.5,酶加量为1 000 U/g,底物浓度为5%。在此条件下,蛋白水解度为21.01%,水解液的可溶性蛋白含量为38.31 mg/m L,寡肽的平均肽链长度为4.76。不同DH的酶解物对二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH·)清除率较高,酶解物的水解度与DPPH·清除率之间不存在线性关系。     

双酶法制备玉米肽酶解条件研究

利用双酶法水解玉米蛋白粉制备玉米肽,探讨各因素对水解度(DH)的影响,旨在确定玉米肽制备的最佳酶解条件。结果表明：最佳酶解条件为温度55℃、底物质量浓度5g/100mL、pH8.5,按4% 的酶与底物比加碱性蛋白酶水解1.5h 后,调整pH 值至7.5,之后再按3.5% 的酶与底物比加木瓜蛋白酶水解1.5h。在此条件下,水解液中DH 为80.97%。与单酶法相比,DH 明显提高。     

玉米蛋白酶水解物抗氧化活性的研究

采用碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase)对玉米蛋白进行水解,水解时间为0.5～6h,通过测定不同水解时间的水解物对卵磷脂氧化体系的抑制能力及其水解物的还原能力,研究玉米蛋白水解物的抗氧化活性.研究表明,采用底物浓度10%,加酶量与底物蛋白比为1:100,水解时间为5h的水解物具有最强的抗氧化能力.采用凝胶层析法对5h水解物进行分离纯化,得出抗氧化最强部分的分子量范围为147～1745.     

杏仁蛋白Alcalase水解工艺及其体外抗氧化活性的研究

为深入开发利用杏仁蛋白资源,采用Alcalase蛋白酶水解杏仁蛋白,以水解度为指标对酶解过程进行研究,在单因素试验基础上以水解度和DPPH自由基清除率为指标进行酶解正交试验.结果表明制备抗氧化能力较强的杏仁蛋白水解物的最佳条件为:pH 8.0,温度55 ℃,酶底比4%,底物浓度5%.在此条件下进行水解试验,水解度为21.02%,水解物对DPPH自由基的清除率为66.13%.     

玉米蛋白水解条件对蛋白水解物体外解酒活性的影响

玉米蛋白粉是玉米湿法生产淀粉的副产物,含蛋白质质量分数62%~71%。玉米蛋白粉疏水性强的特点限制了其在食品行业的应用。但是,玉米蛋白具有特殊的氨基酸组成,且在其多肽链中存在促酒精代谢、抗氧化等功能区,这为其功能性的表现提供了良好的原料优势。利用碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase)和复合蛋白酶(Protamex)对高底物质量浓度(10 g/100 m L)玉米蛋白进行水解,研究水解条件对蛋白水解物的乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)激活率、·OH清除活性和蛋白回收率的影响。结果表明Alcalase水解玉米蛋白的适宜条件为酶解温度65℃,p H 8.0,加酶量2.5%,时间2h,该条件下蛋白水解物的ADH激活率为18.62%,·OH清除率为82.9%,蛋白回收率为25.08%;Protamex水解玉米蛋白的适宜条件为酶解温度55℃,p H 7.0,加酶量2.5%,时间2 h,该条件下玉米蛋白水解物的ADH激活率为9.67%,·OH清除率为82.0%,蛋白回收率为17.63%。Alcalase和Protamex顺序协同水解(酶底比为1.5%+1.5%)所得玉米蛋白水解物的ADH激活率达到19.71%,·OH的清除率达到76.7%,蛋白回收率为52.63%。优化条件下蛋白水解物多肽分子量主要分布在955.0~546.8 Da之间。     

Co-precipitation of whey and pea protein – indication of interactions

The aim was to optimise the yield of co-precipitation of whey protein isolate (WPI) and pea protein isolate (PPI) and compare co-precipitates and protein blends with respect to solubility. The yield of co-precipitates was tested with different protein ratios of WPI and PPI in combination with different temperatures and acid precipitation (pH 4.6). The highest precipitation yield was obtained at protein ratios WPI < PPI, high temperature and alkaline protein solvation. The solubility was measured by an instability index and absorption spectroscopy of re-suspended precipitated proteins at pH 3, 7 and 11.5. Co-precipitates had significantly lower solubility than protein blends. Protein ratios WPI > PPI, low precipitation temperature and high pH showed the highest solubility. Differences in protein composition between co-precipitates and protein blends were observed with SDS-PAGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight, and indicated different protein–protein interaction in samples, which needs further investigations.     

大豆蛋白溶解性研究

该文概述大豆蛋白溶解特性及其与一般物质溶解差异,介绍提高大豆蛋白溶解性改性方法及研究现状,对比不同改性增溶方法优、缺点,并提出今后大豆蛋白改性研究方向。     

细菌中蛋白质样品制备方法研究进展

细菌在生长繁殖时,细菌蛋白的表达受到环境影响而存在较大差异,使得细菌蛋白表达具有复杂性.在食品生产加工过程中可能会受到致病菌污染,细菌产生的内毒素和外毒素均会对人体健康构成威胁,因此需要高灵敏度和高特异性的检测方法来定量分析和鉴定食品中的细菌毒素.蛋白组学方法可以揭示细菌蛋白组成及其潜在的生物学功能,感染过程中菌体蛋白...     

Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Soy Protein Substrates Modified by Low Levels of Protease Hydrolysis

ABSTRACT: Endo-protease treatments achieving low degrees of hydrolysis (DH 2% and 4%) were used to improve functional properties of hexane-extracted soy flour (HESF), extruded-expelled partially defatted soy flour (EESF), ethanol-washed soy protein concentrate (SPC), and soy protein isolate (SPI). These substrates had protein dispersibility indices ranging from 11% to 89%. Functional properties, including solubility profile (pH 3 to 7), emul-sification capacity and stability, foaming capacity and stability, and apparent viscosity were determined and related to surface hydrophobicity and peptide profiles of the hydrolysates. Protein solubilities of all substrates increased as DH increased. Emulsification capacity and hydrophobicity values of the enzyme-modified HESF and EESF decreased after hydrolysis, whereas these values increased for SPC and SPI. Emulsion stability was improved for all 4% DH hydrolysates. Hydrolyzed SPC had lower foaming capacity and stability. For substrates other than SPC, foaming properties were different depending on DH. Hydrolysis significantly decreased the apparent viscosities regardless of substrate. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicated differences in the molecular weight profiles of the hydrolysates. HESF and EESF, which had high proportions of native-state proteins, showed minor changes in the peptide profile due to hydrolysis compared with SPC and SPI.     

大豆蛋白生产与应用现状

该文综述大豆蛋白制品—大豆蛋白粉、大豆分离蛋白、大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆组织蛋白生产现状、存在问题及大豆蛋白在面制品、肉制品、乳制品、饮料制品等中应用现状。     

Effects of silage protein degradability and fermentation acids on metabolizable protein concentration: A meta-analysis of dairy cow production experiments

A meta-analysis was conducted using data from dairy cow production studies to evaluate silage metabolizable protein (MP) concentrations. The data consisted of 397 treatment means in 130 comparisons, in which the effects of silage factors (e.g., date of harvest, wilting, silage additives) were investigated. Within a comparison, a fixed amount of the same concentrate was fed. A prerequisite of data to be included in the analysis was that silage dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ammonia N, lactic acid (LA), and total acid (TA) concentrations and digestibility were determined. A smaller data set (n = 248) comprised studies in which silage water-soluble N concentration was also analyzed. The supply of MP was estimated as amino acids absorbed from the small intestine using a model with constant values for ruminal effective protein degradability (EPD) and intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein. Microbial protein was calculated on the basis of digestible carbohydrates and rumen degradable protein (RDP). Alternative models were used to estimate microbial protein formation, assuming the energy values of RDP and TA to be equivalent to 1.00, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, and 0 times that of digestible carbohydrates. Because EPD values are seldom determined in production trials, they were derived using empirical models that estimate them from other feed components. The goodness of fit of models was compared on the basis of root mean squared error (RMSE) of milk protein yield (MPY) predicted from MP supply (adjusted for random study effect) and Akaike's information criterion. Metabolizable protein supply calculated from basal assumptions predicted MPY precisely within a study (RMSE = 16.2 g/d). Variable contribution of RDP to the energy supply for microbial synthesis influenced the precision of MPY prediction very little, but RMSE for MPY increased markedly when the energy supply of rumen microbes was corrected for TA concentration. Using predicted rather than constant EPD values also increased RMSE of MPY prediction. These observations do not mean that the supply of MP from undegraded feed protein is constant. However, it suggests that our current methods overestimate the range in EPD values and that the techniques have so many inherent technical problems that they can mask the true differences between the feeds. Including new elements in feed protein evaluation models may not improve the precision of production response predictions unless the consequent effects on the supply of other nutrients are taken into account.     

大豆分离蛋白改性对其功能性质影响

大豆分离蛋白是大豆蛋白最为精制形式,广泛应用于食品工业,并在不同产品中表现出不同功能。该文综述近年来大豆分离蛋白物理、化学、酶法及基因工程改性对其功能性质影响,经不同方式改性可产生合适功能性质,从而拓宽大豆分离蛋白在食品工业中应用。     

The structures and functions of ice crystal-controlling proteins from bacteria

Many organisms have evolved into unique mechanisms which minimize freezing injury due to extracellular ice formation. Specifically, certain bacteria have produced a few proteins each with different functions. For example, the ice nucleation protein acts as a template for ice formation, which is responsible for imparting ice nucleating activity. The anti-nucleating protein inhibits the fluctuation of ice nucleus formation by a foreign particle in the water drop. Also, the antifreeze proteins depress the freezing temperature, modify or suppress ice crystal growth, inhibit ice recrystallization, and protect the cell membrane from cold-induced damage. In this article, a review on the current knowledge of the structure and the function of these three types of proteins, which are capable of interacting with ice itself or its nuclei from bacteria.     

Effect of amidation on the foaming and physico-chemical properties of bovine serum albumin

Amidation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was achieved by a water-soluble carbo-diimide, ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)-mediated reaction using ammonium chloride as the nucleophile. Partial and substantial amidation of 0.5% (w/v) BSA in 5.5 m ammonium chloride solution with 1 times 10-²mmol EDC over 120 min and 1 times 10^-1mmol EDC over 10 min respectively was achieved on a large scale using diafiltration for rapid termination of the reaction and purification. Residual ammonium chloride otherwise enhanced foaming properties. The amidated proteins were characterized by isoelectric focusing, electrophoresis and hydrophobicity and disulphide- and sulphydryl-group measurements. Compared with native BSA, partially amidated BSA (PA-BSA) produced enhanced foam expansion and foam stability values. This was attributed to minimal denaturation and to the presence of both acidic and basic components (pI range 5.25–7.50) within the single protein. In contrast, substantially amidated BSA (SA-BSA) (pI range 7–9.1) had similar foaming properties to those of the ultrafiltered BSA control which were slightly lower than those of native BSA. However SA-BSA interacted synergistically with native BSA producing enhanced foaming properties particularly at the 1:1 ratio through electrostatic interactions, conformational changes and increased hydrophobicity.     

几种新型花生蛋白产品的生产

本文从花生蛋白质利用的角度介绍了几种新型花生蛋白产品的加工工艺，针对我国人民膳食结构中蛋白质的摄入水平较低的实际情况，论述了花生蛋白开发利用的必要性，展望了花生蛋白开发利用的广阔前景。