基于尺度核函数的最小二乘支持向量机

支持向量机的核函数一直是影响其学习效果的重要因素.本文基于小波分解理论和支持向量机核函数的条件,提出一种多维允许支持向量尺度核函数.该核函数不仅具有平移正交性,且可以以其正交性逼近二次可积空间上的任意曲线,从而提升支持向量机的泛化性能.在尺度函数作为支持向量核函数的基础之上,提出基于尺度核函数的最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SSVM).实验结果表明,LS-SSVM在同等条件下比传统支持向量机的学习精度更高,因而更适用于复杂函数的学习问题.     

基于压缩感知的多尺度最小二乘支持向量机

提出一种基于压缩感知(Compressive sensing, CS)和多分辨分析(Multi-resolution analysis, MRA)的多尺度最小二乘支持向量机(Least squares support vector machine, LS-SVM). 首先将多尺度小波函数作为支持向量核, 推导出多尺度最小二乘支持向量机模型, 然后基于压缩感知理论, 利用最小二乘匹配追踪(Least squares orthogonal matching pursuit, LS-OMP)算法对多尺度最小二乘支持向量机的支持向量进行稀疏化, 最后用稀疏的支持向量实现函数回归. 实验结果表明, 本文方法利用不同尺度小波核逼近信号的不同细节, 而且以比较少的支持向量能达到很好的泛化性能, 大大降低了运算成本, 相比普通最小二乘支持向量机, 具有更优越的表现力.     

基于多尺度小波LSSVR的污水处理过程软测量

针对污水处理中某些生物参数难以在线测量的情况,本文提出了一种基于小波核的多尺度最小二乘小波支持向量机软测量建模方法:。首先,选取墨西哥草帽小波函数作为最小二乘支持向量机的核函数,进而设计出多尺度小波最小二乘支持向量回归机(MW-LSSVR)。然后利用该支持向量机和出水水质参数特性建立混合软测量模型,实现对出水BOD浓度、COD浓度在线预测。通过在实际污水处理过程的应用,结果:表明本建模方法:具有较高的预测精度和较快的模型学习速度,能对BOD的做出准确的预测,一定程度上可以替代某些昂贵的在线测量仪表,给污水处理厂工作人员提供了控制操作依据,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

基于小波的支持向量机预测模型及应用

基于统计学习的预测方法在一定程度上依赖于大量数据的基础假设,但在实际应用中时间序列样本往往是有限的,论文提出了一种基于小波的支持向量机预测模型(WSVMFM)。通过小波框架的平移所生成的平方可积空间中的一组完备的基可以构造为支持向量机(SVM)的核函数,而采用该核函数的 SVM(WSVM)可以逼近平方可积空间中的任意函数,从而提高学习和预测效率。将该预测模型应用于基于多智能代理的电子商务交易模型中可较好地解决交易状态表示及预测等问题。     

网络非平稳流量多尺度时间序列预测数学建模

网络流量具有时变性与非线性等特征,线性时间序列预测性能不佳,提出网络非平稳流量多尺度时间序列预测数学建模.利用离散低通滤波器确定流量分解系数,经过初始化处理,对滤波器做插零完成小波分解;使用支持向量机方法设置回归函数,确保函数最小化,并将低维空间中非线性回归问题转换为高维空间线性回归问题,在初始低维空间做核函数计算获取高维空间内积,引入双曲核函数建立支持向量机每一步的预测模型;重构小波分解后的时间序列,利用预测模型求解回归函数,即可实现对整体流量多尺度时间序列的预测.实验结果表明,上述方法提高预测精度,减少预测延时.     

最小二乘Littlewood-Paley小波支持向量机

基于小波分解理论和支持向量机核函数的条件，提出了一种多维允许支持向量核函数——Littlewood-Paley小波核函数．该核函数不仅具有平移正交性，而且可以以其正交性逼近二次可积空间上的任意曲线，从而提升了支持向量机的泛化性能．在Littlewood-Paley小波函数作为支持向量核函数的基础上，提出了最小二乘Littlewood-Paley小波支持向量机(LS-LPWSVM)．实验结果表明，LS-LPWSVM在同等条件下比最小二乘支持向量机的学习精度要高，因而更适用于复杂函数的学习问题．     

非平坦函数概率密度估计

针对非平坦函数的概率密度估计问题,通过改进支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)概率密度估计模型约束条件的形式,并引入多尺度核方法,构建了一种单松弛因子多尺度核支持向量机概率密度估计模型。该模型采用合并的单个松弛因子来控制支持向量机的学习误差,减小了模型的计算复杂度;同时引入了多尺度核方法,使得模型既能适应函数剧烈变化的区域,也能适应平缓变化的区域。基于几种典型非平坦函数进行概率密度估计实验,结果证明,单松弛因子概率密度估计模型比常规支持向量机概率密度估计模型具有更快的学习速度;且相比于单核方法,多尺度核支持向量机概率密度估计模型具有更优的估计精度。     

多尺度最小二乘小波支持向量机的回归建模

普通最小二乘支持向量机算法用于多尺度回归建模时精度较低。针对该问题,选取墨西哥草帽小波函数作为最小二乘支持向量机的核函数,设计一种基于小波核的多尺度最小二乘小波支持向量机。在此基础上,通过解二次优化问题求出多尺度回归建模问题的全局最优解,最终得出的多尺度回归模型能够有效地逼近多尺度信号。仿真结果表明,该算法具有较高的精度。     

高斯小波支持向量机的研究

证明了偶数阶高斯小波函数满足支持向量机的平移不变核函数条件．应用小波核函数建立了相应的高斯小波支持向量机,并且使用云遗传算法对支持向量机及其核函数的参数进行优化．用该算法与常用的高斯核和Morlet小波核支持向量机进行对比实验．通过对非线性函数的逼近和电力系统短期负荷的预测,验证了该算法的有效性和优越性,表明其具有一定的实用价值．     

基于CSO-RVM的瓦斯涌出量预测模型研究

为了实时监测和精准预测煤矿回采工作面绝对瓦斯涌出量,提出猫群算法(CSO)优化相关支持向量机(RVM)的绝对瓦斯涌出量预测方法.相关向量机的组合核函数可实现多特征空间的信息融合,为有限样本、高维数瓦斯涌出量预测建模问题提供一种行之有效的方法.并用CSO算法对RVM瓦斯涌出量预测模型的核函数权重p和高斯核参数σ快速寻优.利用矿井无线传感器网络检测到的各项历史数据试验.结果表明,相比BP、SVM算法,该耦合模型有效提高了预测精度,具有更好的泛化能力,为矿井瓦斯预测提供理论支持.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.