镍铁渣—水泥复合胶凝材料化学活化的研究

研究了单组份激发剂氧化钙、水玻璃、硫酸钠对镍铁渣—水泥复合胶凝材料强度及镍铁渣活性的影响,在此基础上,制备了一种高效复合激发剂-HY,并利用XRD、SEM等方法对试样进行分析。研究表明:激发剂能激发镍铁渣的潜在活性,使镍铁渣—水泥复合胶凝材料体系水化硬化后的结构更加致密,其中复合激发剂-HY的激发效果最好,使复合胶凝材料7d、28d抗压强度分别提升了6.0MPa和6.2MPa。     

镍铁渣制备蒸压砖工艺技术研究

以镍铁渣为研究对象,利用XRF、XRD等分析测试技术,研究了镍铁渣的化学成分和矿物组成等相关性质。以镍铁渣和粉煤灰为主要原料,可以制备出性能良好的镍铁渣砖。通过示范线生产验证了镍铁渣制备蒸压砖的可行性,并对样品的强度、碳化、收缩、抗冻性进行了测试和分析。蒸压镍铁渣砖的最佳生产配比为:镍铁渣42%,粉煤灰35%,电石渣7%,皂化渣16%。固废利用率达到100%,抗压强度达到18.5 MPa。利用镍铁渣生产蒸压砖具有良好的经济和社会效益。     

镍铁渣粉对水泥土的强度影响试验研究

为了揭示镍铁渣粉对水泥土性能的影响,结合宏观与微观的试验方法分别对不同镍铁渣粉掺量和龄期的水泥土进行试验研究.宏观进行了水泥土的无侧限抗压强度试验,得到各组配合比下水泥土的强度值;微观进行了水泥土的物相和孔结构试验,得到各组配合比下水泥土的孔径大小和钙矾石的结晶情况.结果表明:镍铁渣粉的活性到28 d龄期后才会更大程度的被激发,早龄期活性很低;20％为镍铁渣粉掺量的较优掺入值;镍铁渣粉活性的发挥主要是与水泥水化产物反应生成钙矾石晶体;微观孔结构试验结果能与无侧限抗压强度试验结果做到很好的相互印证.     

富镁镍渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的制备与性能表征

以工业固体废弃物富镁镍渣和粉煤灰为原料,以水玻璃和NaOH为碱激发剂,制备了一系列富镁镍渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物。研究了不同粉煤灰掺量对地质聚合物力学性能的影响,并测定地质聚合物的线性收缩和碱溶出,通过XRD、IR、DTA等手段对产物进行表征。结果表明:富镁镍渣-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的强度随粉煤灰的掺入先升高后降低,当掺量为30%(质量分数)时,地质聚合物的抗压强度可达最高值22.15 MPa,较镍渣基地质聚合物强度提高42.2%;XRD分析表明富镁镍渣中MgO以镁橄榄石相存在,而非游离态,故地质聚合物具有良好的体积安定性。     

镍铁渣砂对泡沫混凝土孔结构及收缩开裂性能的影响

本文采用镍铁渣机制砂(简称镍铁渣砂)制备泡沫混凝土,研究镍铁渣砂对泡沫混凝土抗压强度、变形及收缩开裂的影响,并采用SEM、X-CT研究泡沫混凝土微观结构。结果表明,镍铁渣砂掺量为5%(质量分数,下同)时泡沫混凝土的抗压强度最高,而镍铁渣砂掺量超过10%时会引入界面缺陷,降低混凝土的强度。镍铁渣砂能够约束基体的变形,减少水泥用量,降低泡沫混凝土的收缩,提高其抗裂性能。当镍铁渣砂掺量由0%增加到20%时,泡沫混凝土的抗裂等级由V级提高到II级。镍铁渣砂具有作为泡沫混凝土生产原料的潜力。     

铸造粉尘-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的力学性能和微观结构分析

以粉煤灰为主要原料,以铸造粉尘为掺合料,水玻璃溶液为碱激发剂,制备地质聚合物.研究了养护龄期和水灰比对铸造粉尘-粉煤灰基地质聚合物抗压强度的影响.结果表明,铸造粉尘-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的抗压强度随养护龄期的延长而增大,随水灰比的增大先增大后减小;当水玻璃模数为1.2,水灰比为0.4时,地质聚合物28 d抗压强度达到最大,为21.4 MPa.X衍射分析表明,形成的地质聚合物主要为无定形矿物相;红外光谱分析表明,地质聚合物中有较多的非晶态铝硅酸盐生成;SEM分析显示地质聚合物具有良好的致密结构.     

室温碱激发低钙粉煤灰地质聚合物配比试验研究

为得到室温下粉煤灰与碱激发剂质量比、水玻璃与氢氧化钠溶液质量比和氢氧化钠溶液摩尔浓度对粉煤灰地质聚合物力学性能的影响,以低钙粉煤灰为原料,制备了地质聚合物胶凝材料。采用正交试验方法,分析粉煤灰地质聚合物抗压强度,探讨碱激发剂配比对粉煤灰地质聚合物力学性能的影响,结合SEM、XRD和FTIR对试样进行表征,并对该材料的应力-应变曲线进行了研究。结果表明:粉煤灰地质聚合物的抗压强度随着激发剂掺量的减少而增大,水玻璃在激发剂中的比值与粉煤灰地质聚合物的抗压强度呈现正相关,其中粉煤灰与碱激发剂质量比为1.8,水玻璃与氢氧化钠溶液质量比为2.5且氢氧化钠溶液的浓度为10 mol/L时,120 d龄期的抗压强度可达51.98 MPa。对应力-应变曲线分析得出,在一定程度上,激发剂的掺入量对粉煤灰地质聚合物的破坏应变和弹性模量有较大影响。SEM、XRD和FTIR分析表明随着养护时间增长,胶凝材料体系内结构更致密,生成了更多的硅铝酸盐凝胶。     

偏高岭土地质聚合物的制备及其抗压强度研究

在采用偏高岭土碱激发制备地质聚合物的基础上,优化配合比,为制备出早期强度较高的地质聚合物。以NaOH和水玻璃为复合碱激发剂,研究水玻璃模数、碱当量、液固比以及养护条件对偏高岭土地质聚合物抗压强度的影响。试验结果表明,偏高岭土130g、水玻璃模数1.0、碱当量11%、液固比0.31、标准养护时,制备的偏高岭土地质聚合物3d抗压强度最高,达到53.7MPa。另外,在初始液固比为0.31时,不同模数下的地质聚合物强度都达到最佳。本文为偏高岭土地质聚合物的制备提供了有效的借鉴。     

工艺参数对玻璃微粉粉煤灰基地质聚合物强度的影响

利用粉煤灰和废玻璃微粉为主要原料,通过氢氧化钠和水玻璃的混合激发,制备地质聚合物.讨论了水玻璃掺量和模数、液固比和养护温等因素对地质聚合物抗压强度的影响.研究表明:矿物聚合物抗压强度均随着水玻璃掺量及模数、液固比、养护温度的增大而先增大后减小.得出了优化的工艺条件为:水玻璃掺量10％、水玻璃模数1.4、固液比0.45,养护温度40～60℃,抗压强度可达36 MPa以上.     

碱激发剂对铸造粉尘-粉煤灰基地质聚合物抗压强度的影响

以粉煤灰和铸造粉尘为主要原料,以KOH、NaOH、Na2SiO3、K2SiO3和水玻璃为碱激发剂,制备地质聚合物.研究了不同激发剂对铸造粉尘-粉煤灰基地质聚合物抗压强度的影响.结果表明:不同浓度的NaOH和KOH溶液的激发效果较差,制备的铸造粉尘-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的抗压强度较低.NaOH和KOH溶液与K2SiO3溶液混配复合激发剂可提高铸造粉尘-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的抗压强度.水玻璃溶液激发效果最好,随着水玻璃溶液模数的增加,铸造粉尘-粉煤灰基地质聚合物的抗压强度逐渐提高;当水玻璃模数为1.2时,铸造粉尘基地质聚合物28 d抗压强度达到最大,为21.4 MPa;继续增大水玻璃模数,铸造粉尘-粉煤灰基地质聚合物28 d抗压强度趋于下降.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。