在小鼠痛觉传导调节机制中的作用(英文)

目的 :研究组胺H3受体拮抗剂ciproxifan(CPF)在小鼠痛觉传导调节过程中的作用及其机制。方法 :用 3种不同的小鼠痛觉模型 (热板法、扭体法和福尔马林实验 )观察CPF的镇痛作用。同时用特异性组胺脱羧酶 (HDC)抑制药α 氟甲基组胺酸 (α FMH) ,观察组胺在CPF发挥镇痛效应过程中所起的作用。在福尔马林致痛模型中 ,还测定了小鼠脑、脊髓和血清中一氧化氮 (NO)和前列腺素E2(PGE2 )的含量。结果 :热板实验中 ,CPF 1mg·kg- 1和 3mg·kg- 1能明显延长小鼠的痛反应时间 ,其镇痛作用从用药后 2 0min开始 ,可持续 6 0min以上。扭体实验中 ,CPF 1mg·kg- 1可明显抑制小鼠的扭体次数 ,最高抑制率达 4 9.85 %。皮下注射福尔马林能引起 2个时相 (Ⅰ相、Ⅱ相 )的痛反应。这种由福尔马林引起的 2个时相的痛反应均可明显被CPF 0 .3,1,3mg·kg- 1抑制。在 3种致痛模型中 ,CPF的镇痛效应均可被α FMH 5 0mg·kg- 1逆转。使用福尔马林后 ,小鼠脑和脊髓中NO和PGE2 水平升高 ,而CPF能明显抑制这种升高作用 ,该抑制作用不被α FMH所拮抗。但CPF对血清中NO和PGE2 的浓度没有影响。结论 :组胺H3受体拮抗药CPF对多种性质刺激引起的疼痛均有镇痛作用 ,对福尔马林引起的炎性疼痛和非炎性疼痛都有效。CPF的这种镇痛作用可能与其促进?     

氧化槐定碱镇痛作用及其对小鼠中枢GABA_ARα1表达的影响

目的研究氧化槐定碱(oxysophoridine,OSR)的镇痛作用及其对小鼠全脑和脊髓GABAA受体表达的影响。方法采用温浴法测定小鼠痛阈,观察OSR(iv)对小鼠热甩尾潜伏期的影响;采用蛋白印迹实验技术(Western blot)检测OSR对小鼠脊髓和脑GABAARα1蛋白表达的影响;采用荧光实时定量PCR方法检测OSR对小鼠脊髓和脑GABAARα1 mRNA表达的影响。结果 OSR(500.0,250.0 mg.kg-1,iv)可明显延长小鼠温浴热甩尾潜伏期(P<0.05,P<0.01),药效可持续60 min以上,最大痛阈提高率可达59.82%。OSR(500.0 mg.kg-1,iv)可使福尔马林致痛小鼠脊髓和脑GABAARα1 mRNA和蛋白表达量均明显升高(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论 OSR具有明显的镇痛作用,脊髓和脑GABAARα1参与了OSR的镇痛机制。     

努地可醇镇痛作用研究

目的研究努地可醇的镇痛作用.方法昆明种小鼠随机分为努地可醇2.5,5,10mg·kg-1组,皮下注射给药.采用小鼠扭体法、热板法和福尔马林试验,观察药后30 min的扭体反应次数、福尔马林试验的痛反应评分和药后30,60,90min各时间点热板法的痛阈值.结果2.5,5.0,10.0mg·kg-1努地可醇均可显著减少扭体次数、提高痛阈值、明显降低福尔马林试验的第2时相痛反应评分,10.0 mg·kg-1努地可醇也可明显降低第1时相痛反应评分,与生理盐水组比较差异显著(P＜0.05).结论努地可醇对多种因素诱发的疼痛均有显著的镇痛作用.     

野菊花水相萃取物对小鼠镇痛作用研究

目的:研究野菊花水相萃取物(AF)的镇痛作用.方法:应用冰醋酸制备小鼠疼痛模型,以15 min内发生扭体次数为疼痛定量指标;将小鼠置于(55 ±0.5)℃热板上制备小鼠疼痛模型,以小鼠舔后足反应潜伏期为痛阈指标;采用小鼠福尔马林炎性组织疼痛法模型,以小鼠舔足时间为指标,观察其第Ⅰ时相和第Ⅱ时相疼痛反应.结果:野菊花水相萃取物能显著抑制醋酸致小鼠扭体反应;可明显延长热板引起小鼠疼痛反应的痛阈值;对福尔马林致痛模型动物I相和Ⅱ相疼痛反应均有抑制作用.结论:野菊花水相萃取物有明显的镇痛作用.     

胍丁胺抑制炎性疼痛诱导脊髓磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶表达上调

目的:观察胍丁胺对福尔马林致炎性疼痛的镇痛作用,并研究其镇痛作用是否与影响脊髓磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase,pERK)表达有关。方法:雄性SD大鼠,180～220g,随机分为生理盐水对照组、福尔马林组和胍丁胺160mg/kg组,每组20只。每组12只右侧足底皮下注射5%的福尔马林50μL致痛,每5min为一个时间段,测定60min内大鼠的痛级均数。另外每组8只足底注射福尔马林后8min取L4,5脊髓,用免疫组化法检测各组脊髓切片中pERK的表达情况。结果:大鼠单侧足底注射5%福尔马林50μL后出现明显的两期伤害性行为反应。胍丁胺对福尔马林引起的疼痛反应有明显的镇痛作用,且能抑制福尔马林引起的痛觉过敏。福尔马林对大鼠单侧足底注射8min后,引起注射侧L4,5脊髓背角pERK表达量升高,160mg/kg胍丁胺(i.p.)明显抑制福尔马林引起的pERK表达量的升高。结论:胍丁胺对福尔马林引起的疼痛及痛觉过敏行为有明确的抑制作用,炎性疼痛引起脊髓pERK蛋白表达升高可能参与疼痛及痛觉过敏的形成,pERK可能参与了胍丁胺镇痛机制。     

Ciproxifan的镇痛作用及其对脊髓背角神经元的影响

目的观察ciproxifan在福尔马林痛觉试验中的镇痛作用,并探讨其可能的机制。方法小鼠足底皮下注射2％福尔马林,观察ciproxifan的镇痛作用;并用免疫组化和Westernblot法观察ciproxifan对小鼠脊髓背角神经元中c—fos的表达和nNOS表达及活化的影响。结果Ciproxifan在福尔马林痛觉试验中,能明显抑制小鼠Ⅰ相和Ⅱ相的痛觉行为,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。同时,ciproxifan能抑制小鼠脊髓背角神经元c—fbs的表达和nNOS在细胞内的移位。结论Ciproxifan能产生镇痛作用,该作用可能与其抑制脊髓背角神经元的激活,从而抑制nNOS的活化有关。     

胆碱对小鼠炎性疼痛影响的实验研究

目的:研究胆碱对炎性疼痛的影响。方法:福尔马林实验和小鼠热板实验,观察单独给予胆碱及胆碱与阿司匹林或吗啡联合用药时,对小鼠在福尔马林模型中的舔足时间和热板实验中的疼痛潜伏期的影响。结果:胆碱(4、8、16、32、6 4mg·kg-1,i .v .)可显著抑制福尔马林所致的Ⅱ相痛反应;尾静脉给予胆碱2mg·kg-1或阿司匹林9.4mg·kg-1,对福尔马林模型的Ⅰ相和Ⅱ相痛反应均无显著的抑制作用,二者联合应用可显著抑制Ⅱ相反应;联合给予吗啡0 .16 5mg·kg-1和胆碱2mg·kg-1对福尔马林模型的Ⅱ相反应的抑制作用比单独应用吗啡0 .16 5mg·kg-1好。结论:胆碱对炎症性疼痛镇痛效果显著,胆碱和阿司匹林、吗啡有协同镇痛作用。     

独一味镇痛作用及其有效成分研究

目的研究独一味镇痛活性,镇痛作用部位及其有效成分。方法通过小鼠和大鼠福尔马林致痛模型(第Ⅰ相急性疼痛和第Ⅱ相中枢敏感化疼痛)、大鼠脊神经结扎致神经源性疼痛模型和大鼠骨癌疼痛模型研究独一味水提物的镇痛活性;给予黄酮和不同环烯醚萜苷含量的独一味提取物以及环烯醚萜类单体,考察其对小鼠福尔马林致痛模型镇痛效果的变化研究独一味镇痛的有效成分;通过脊髓给予山栀子苷甲酯和8-O-乙酰山栀子苷甲酯以确定独一味镇痛的作用部位。结果独一味水提物灌胃小鼠可抑制福尔马林导致的Ⅱ相中枢敏感化疼痛,但对Ⅰ相急性疼痛没有影响;也可以抑制大鼠脊神经结扎和骨癌疼痛导致的痛觉过敏。镇痛作用呈剂量依赖性,在三个模型中独一味的最大抑制率分别为82%,50%和54%,半数有效量分别为133.7,236.5和242.9 mg·kg-1。连续给药7 d在大鼠神经源性疼痛模型中不产生镇痛耐受。独一味提取物的镇痛活性随其中总环烯醚萜苷含量的提高而增强而黄酮(1000 mg·kg-1)无镇痛作用,在小鼠福尔马林致痛模型中,独一味提取物中总环烯醚萜苷的含量与其对Ⅱ相疼痛的镇痛活性呈正性相关。脊髓给予山栀子苷甲酯和8-O-乙酰山栀子苷甲酯剂量依赖式抑制大鼠福尔马林Ⅱ相疼痛,抑制率为70%～80%。结论独一味对慢性疼痛包括神经源性疼痛和骨癌疼痛表现较强的镇痛活性,山栀子苷甲酯和8-O-乙酰山栀子苷为代表的环烯醚萜苷是其镇痛的有效成分,其镇痛主要作用部位在脊髓。     

济泰片对小鼠诱发性疼痛及对吗啡躯体依赖小鼠戒断症状的影响

目的:观察济泰片对诱发的小鼠疼痛的镇痛作用和对吗啡依赖小鼠催促戒断症状的影响。方法:(1)采用小鼠醋酸扭体法,观察经胃给予2.4 g.kg-1,3.6 g.kg-1,4.8 g.kg-1三种浓度济泰片的镇痛作用;(2)采用小鼠热板法,观察经胃给予6.0 g.kg-1,9.0 g.kg-1,12.0 g.kg-1三种浓度济泰片的镇痛作用;(3)采用连续递增给药法建立吗啡依赖小鼠模型,观察经胃给予1.2 g.kg-1,2.4 g.kg-1,3.6 g.kg-1济泰片后对吗啡依赖小鼠的纳洛酮催促戒断跳跃反应的影响。结果:(1)济泰片溶液呈剂量依赖性的抑制醋酸诱发的小鼠扭体次数(P<0.01),对扭体次数的抑制率最高可达71.7%;(2)济泰片溶液能明显提高热板法诱发的小鼠疼痛痛阈值,其镇痛的ED50=8.34 g.kg-1;(3)伴随给予济泰片溶液能剂量依赖性地抑制纳洛酮催促所引起的吗啡躯体依赖戒断症状,使吗啡依赖小鼠跳跃次数明显减少(P<0.01)。结论:济泰片对诱发的小鼠疼痛有明显的镇痛作用,并能抑制吗啡躯体依赖小鼠的戒断症状。     

黄芪总甙的镇痛作用及其作用机制(英文)

目的:研究黄芪总甙(astragalosides,AST)的镇痛作用及其作用机制。方法:采用小鼠福尔马林致痛模型,对痛反应进行评分。通过福尔马林试验前30min皮下注射吗啡和纳络酮或福尔马林试验前20min腹腔内注射L-精氨酸和L-NAME以研究阿片肽和一氧化氮在此疼痛模型中的作用并对AST的作用与吗啡和L-NAME进行比较。结果:AST20,40和80mg/kg可显著降低小鼠福尔马林致痛后第二时相的疼痛反应(P<0.01)。AST 40mg/kg最大镇痛作用见于给药后4h(第二时相疼痛反应的抑制率为34.4％)。吗啡5mg/kg对两个时相的疼痛反应均有明显抑制作用(P<0.01),此抑制作用能被纳络酮2mg/kg拮抗(P<0.01),而AST的镇痛作用不受纳络酮影响。L-精氨酸(400或800mg/kg)可部分抑制AST的作用(P<0.01)。结论:AST所具有的镇痛作用不是通过内源性阿片肽系统介导,而可能与抑制NO等参与疼痛反应的炎症介质的生成有关。     

木瓜苷的镇痛作用(英文)

目的　观察木瓜苷的镇痛作用并研究其相关机制。方法　通过小鼠乙酸扭体反应,甲醛实验及佐剂性关节炎大鼠屈伸关节实验等疼痛模型,观察木瓜苷的镇痛作用并检测佐剂性关节炎大鼠滑膜细胞分泌的前列腺素E2 (PGE2 )及肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)的含量。结果　不同剂量的木瓜苷(小鼠6 0 ,12 0和2 4 0mg·kg- 1,ig ,大鼠30 ,6 0和12 0mg·kg- 1,ig)可以抑制小鼠的乙酸扭体反应和甲醛第二相反应。木瓜苷(6 0 ,12 0mg·kg- 1)可使佐剂性关节炎大鼠致炎d 2 8关节滑膜细胞升高的PGE2 和TNF α水平显著降低。结论　木瓜苷具有镇痛作用,其可能机制与其抑制外周炎症介质有关。     

Antinociceptive effects of St. John's wort, Harpagophytum procumbens extract and Grape seed proanthocyanidins extract in mice

Hypericum perforatum extract (St. John's wort, SJW), Harpagophytum procumbens extract (HPE) and Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) have a broad spectrum of biological activities including antidepressant, anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidant effects. The aim of this study was to clarify antinociceptive properties of SJW, HPE and GSPE in mice with mechanisms that might potentially underlie these activities. Also, the effects of these herbal extracts on the antinociception and plasma and brain concentrations of morphine were examined. Oral pretreatment with SJW (100-1000 mg/kg) and HPE (30-300 mg/kg) attenuated significantly times of licking/biting both first and second phases of formalin injection in mice in the dose-dependent manner, and GSPE (10-300 mg/kg) suppressed second phase. Naloxone (5 mg/kg, s.c.) significantly attenuated antinociceptive effect of HPE but not SJW and GSPE. Formalin injection resulted in significant increase in the content of nitrites/nitrates (NO(x)) in mouse spinal cord. The rise of spinal NO(x) content by formalin was significantly attenuated by HPE and SJW. The pretreatment with SJW significantly potentiated an antinociceptive effect of morphine (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.), although concentrations of morphine in plasma and brain were not significantly changed by these herbal extracts. In conclusion, the present study has shown that SJW, HPE and GSPE exert significant antinociceptive effects in the formalin test of mice. In addition, opioidergic system seems to be involved in the antinociceptive effect of HPE but not SJW and GSPE. Furthermore, SJW potentiates morphine-induced antinociception possibly by pharmacodynamic interaction.     

精氨酸及精氨酸脱羧酶抗体对痛阈及吗啡镇痛作用的影响(英文)

目的进一步阐明胍丁胺对阿片药理作用的影响。方法采用小鼠醋酸扭体法、小鼠热辐射甩尾法、小鼠热板法评价了精氨酸及精氨酸脱羧酶抗体对痛阈、吗啡镇痛及其耐受作用的影响。结果在小鼠醋酸扭体实验中,脑室注射精氨酸能剂量依赖性地抑制小鼠扭体次数,最大抑制率达84 %。在小鼠热辐射甩尾模型中,精氨酸不影响小鼠的甩尾时间,但能剂量依赖性地增强吗啡的镇痛作用,使吗啡2 .5 mg·kg-1的最大可能镇痛百分率从23 %增加到71 %。此外,在小鼠热辐射甩尾实验中,精氨酸能抑制吗啡100 mg·kg-1所诱导的急性耐受。精氨酸上述作用可被咪唑啉受体拮抗剂咪唑克生(3mg·kg-1,ip)所抑制。在小鼠热辐射甩尾实验和小鼠55℃热板实验中,精氨酸脱羧酶抗体能抑制吗啡镇痛,并能加重吗啡所致的耐受。结论上述结果提示,精氨酸及精氨酸脱羧酶在痛阈、吗啡镇痛及吗啡依赖形成过程中具有重要作用。     

Antinociceptive activity of NK1 receptor antagonists: non-specific effects of racemic RP67580.

1. Release of substance P in the dorsal horn is considered a primary event in the perception of pain. The profile of racemic RP67580, a non-peptide antagonist at the NK1 (substance P) receptor, was examined in a range of antinociception tests on rodents. 2. At doses up to 30 mg kg-1, s.c. racemic RP67580 exhibited antinociceptive activity in writhing and formalin paw tests in mice and gerbils. Acetic acid induced writhing and the licking response to formalin were reduced to 40-50% of the level observed in vehicle-treated animals (P < 0.05). However, this agent was not active in mouse tail flick, rat paw pressure or rat and guinea-pig formalin paw tests. 3. Like racemic RP67580, the calcium channel blockers nifedipine (30 mg kg-1, i.p.) and verapamil (10 or 20 mg kg-1, s.c.) inhibited the response to formalin by approximately 60% in gerbils (P < 0.05 compared with vehicle-treated animals). 4. Evidence for calcium channel antagonist activity of RP67580 was obtained in vitro. Racemic RP67580 inhibited calcium entry into depolarized strips of guinea-pig ileum longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus (apparent KB = 587 +/- 115 nM), inhibited [3H]-diltiazem binding to rabbit skeletal membranes (IC50 = 298 nM) and depressed high threshold calcium currents in neurones cultured from rat cortex (10% inhibition at 10 microM). 5. These findings indicate that the acute antinociceptive effects of RP67580 may not be attributable to a specific interaction with NK1 receptors and may be mediated via calcium channel blockade.     

鞘内注射P物质拮抗氯胺酮的抗伤害作用

目的观察脊髓P物质对氯胺酮抗伤害作用的影响。方法在小鼠福尔马林实验中,结合行为学和Fos蛋白表达,观察鞘内注射(it)不同剂量的P物质对氯胺酮抗伤害作用的影响。结果氯胺酮20、30mg·kg-1ip可剂量依赖性地减少小鼠舔足时间(P<0.05)。P物质0.25、0.5ngit可增加注射氯胺酮小鼠舔足时间(P<0.05)。小鼠注射福尔马林后,注射侧脊髓背角Fos免疫样(Foslikeimmunoreactive,FLI)阳性神经元数量明显增加(P<0.01),预先给于氯胺酮30mg.kg-1ip可以明显减少脊髓背角FLI阳性神经元数量(P<0.01),而P物质0.5ngit能明显削弱氯胺酮对脊髓背角Fos表达的抑制(P<0.01)。结论鞘内注射P物质能拮抗脊髓水平氯胺酮抗伤害作用。     

昂丹司琼对异氟烷催眠和镇痛作用的影响

目的观察昂丹司琼对异氟烷催眠和镇痛作用的影响;探讨异氟烷的催眠、镇痛作用与5-羟色胺3受体(5-HT3)的关系。方法①催醒实验小鼠ip给予昂丹司琼1,2,4 mg·kg-1,15 min后ip给予异氟烷1.0 ml.kg-1催眠,检测翻正反射消失时间。②催眠半数有效量ED50测定小鼠ip给予昂丹司琼2 mg·kg-1,15 min后用序贯法ip给予异氟烷1.12,0.90,0.72,0.58和0.46 ml.kg-1,测定催眠ED50。③扭体法小鼠ip给予昂丹司琼1,2和4 mg·kg-1,10 min后sc给予异氟烷1.0 ml.kg-1镇痛,检测扭体次数。④热板法小鼠ip给予昂丹司琼1,2和4 mg·kg-1,10 min后,ip给予异氟烷0.4 ml.kg-1镇痛,检测小鼠热板法痛阈值(HPPT)。结果与正常对照组相比,昂丹司琼1,2和4 mg·kg-1组小鼠翻正反射消失持续的时间和ED50值均无明显变化。扭体实验中,与正常对照组比较,昂丹司琼4 mg·kg-1和异氟烷1.0 ml.kg-1可使清醒小鼠扭体次数减少(P<0.01),麻醉小鼠给予昂丹司琼1,2和4 mg·kg-1时,扭体次数有下降趋势,但无统计学差异。热板法中,ip昂丹司琼对清醒小鼠及异氟烷小鼠的HPPT均无明显影响。结论昂丹司琼对异氟烷催眠、抗热刺激伤害作用无明显影响,提示异氟烷的催眠镇痛作用可能与5-HT3受体无明显关系。     

Desensitization of GABAB receptors and antagonism by CGP 35348, prevent bicuculline- and picrotoxin-induced antinociception.

The effect of the GABAA antagonists, bicuculline and picrotoxin, in the hot plate and writhing tests in mice and the paw-pressure test in rats was assessed. Subconvulsant doses of bicuculline (1.3-4 mumol kg-1, s.c.) or picrotoxin (0.8-2.5 mumol kg-1, s.c.) induced a dose-related increase in latency of licking in the hot plate test in mice, whereas subconvulsant doses of strychnine and thiosemicarbazide (0.9 and 6 mg kg-1, s.c. respectively), did not modify the threshold to thermal stimuli in mice. The effects of bicuculline and picrotoxin were not modified by naloxone (3 mg kg-1, i.p., a dose which inhibited the antinociceptive effect of morphine) or by atropine (5 mg kg-1, i.p., a dose which prevented oxotremorine-induced antinociception) but were antagonized by the GABAB antagonist CGP 35348 (2.5 micrograms, i.c.v., a dose which prevented (+/-)baclofen-induced antinociception). Mice, rendered tolerant to baclofen-induced antinociception by twice daily injection of increasing doses of baclofen (5-18 mg kg-1, s.c.), were unresponsive to the antinociceptive effects of bicuculline and picrotoxin but still responded to morphine. Bicuculline and picrotoxin, in the same range of doses which affected the three models of antinociception used, inhibited pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. Large doses of bicuculline and picrotoxin (4 and 2.5 mumol kg-1, s.c. respectively), reduced locomotor activity and impaired rota-rod performance in mice. The changes in response to noxious stimuli, induced by bicuculline and picrotoxin, are interpreted as an antinociceptive effect. It is then suggested that this effect might depend on an indirect activation of GABAB receptors through release of GABA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

L-type calcium channel blockers enhance 5-HTP-induced antinociception in mice

INTRODUCTIONAlthough the numerous studies have shown theimportance of the peripheral and central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in modulating nociceptivetransmission, several modes of its actions requireclarification. 5-HT is generally described as prono-ciceptive substance in peripheral tissues, but as anti-nociceptive substance in the central nervous systems(CNS), including spinal and supraspinal levels. How-ever, there exist several lines of evidence which are inconflict wit…