H.264帧内预测和模式判断的并行硬件结构设计

针对H.264视频压缩编码算法中帧内预测和模式判断模块,分析并提出了一种高并行度的FPGA实现方法.完成了硬件结构的设计和验证.用VHDL实现本设计,综合后电路最大延迟为8.34 ns.仿真及综合结果表明.该设计能够完全满足高清数字视频的实时处理要求.     

H.264解码器的帧内预测优化

通过对H.264帧内预测加以优化,以提高其速度。采用4×4块级流水线方式代替串行处理方式,以及自适应的流水线协调不同种类块、不同预测模式下的帧内预测,用四路并行的多功能处理单元在1个周期内计算出1列4个像素点的预测值;以“种子”法取代平面预测模式的直接计算方式。基于FPGA开发平台设计出优化后的预测电路,验证结果表明,优化电路处理一个宏块平均只需196个时钟周期。     

AVS帧内预测算法分析及VLSI实现

文中提出了一种应用于AVS高清实时解码器的VLSI实现.分析了AVS帧内预测算法的特点,提出了一种所有亮度预测模式和前三种色度预测模式通用的运算单元,为第四种色度预测模式设计了独立的运算单元,并充分复用样本寄存器的方法,提高了资源利用率.该VLSI实现每个时钟周期输出8个预测数据,采用0.18 μmCMOS工艺库综合,电路规模为4.4万门,最高工作频率200MHz.     

H.264/AVC帧内4×4预测算法的高效流水线结构

H.264编码器中的帧内4×4预测部分具有严重的数据依赖性,它的硬件化设计很难采用流水线实现,从而导致关键路径很长,硬件利用率很低,成为H.264编码器设计中的一个瓶颈。针对这个问题,在不减少预测模式和不增加系统资源的前提下,提出了一种新的结构,它通过利用原始像素进行模式判决和利用重构像素进行帧内预测的方法,可以使帧内预测与重构循环完全流水线实现,基本上达到了100%的硬件利用率,而且没有明显的PSNR损失。所提出的硬件结构可在215个时钟周期内完成一个宏块的帧内4×4预测。用SMIC 0.13μm工艺库综合,结果显示该结构最高可运行在250 MHz,面积约为116千门,可支持4 096×2 160@30 f/s(帧/秒)视频序列的实时编码。     

H．264／AVC帧间预测关键技术的研究与硬件实现

本文在深入学习理解H．264帧间预测原理的基础上,采用四段流水结构来实现整个帧间预测过程。以Verilog HDL语言完成寄存器级设计,并分析了各个模块,针对参考像素的重复使用性,采用了一种Cache结构来进行缓存。并对分像素预测依据H．264标准设计了一种并行内插运算电路。通过Modelsim的功能仿真和Design Compiler的综合。证明该电路是正确的。能够满足4：2：0制式下16CIF格式图片30fps（帧／秒）的实时解码处理需求。     

一种H.264/AVC帧内4x4预测算法的高效流水线结构

H.264编码器中的帧内4x4预测部分具有严重的数据依赖性,它的硬件化设计很难采用流水线实现,从而导致关键路径很长,硬件利用率很低,成为H.264编码器设计中的一个瓶颈。针对这个问题, 在不减少预测模式和不增加系统资源的的前提下,本文提出了一种新的结构,它通过利用原始像素进行模式判决和利用重构像素进行帧内预测的方法,可以使帧内预测与重构循环完全流水线实现,基本上达到了100%的硬件利用率,而且没有明显的PSNR的损失。本文所提出的硬件结构可在215个时钟周期内完成一个宏块的帧内4x4预测。用SMIC 0.13um工艺库综合,结果显示该结构最高可运行在250M,面积约为116K门,可支持4096x2160@30fps视频序列的实时编码。     

一种H.264帧内预测模式判决算法及VLSI实现体系

17种预测模式和率失真优化模式判决极大的增加了H.264帧内编码器硬件设计的复杂度.目前的模式判决快速算法能大量减少模式判决的复杂度,但却不易于硬件实现.本文在Sobel边缘检测模式判决算法的基础上,提出了一种面向VLSI实现的模式判决优化算法.该算法通过修改16×16宏块部分像素的Sobel边缘检测算子来减少存储器读取次数,优化预测模式区域的范围来减少硬件设计复杂度,并采用变换后残差绝对值和(SATD)来简化编码代价判决运算.实验结果表明,采用该算法的帧内硬件编码器可以在确保编码质量的前提下,显著降低硬件实现复杂度和提高编码器效率.     

基于Node-Cell结构的HEVC帧内编码

随着视频传输和广播的发展,高分辨率视频的应用也越来越广泛,为了更好地适应高清视频内容,JCT-VC(Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding)工作组制定了具有更高压缩效率的新一代视频压缩标准HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding)。HEVC中的帧内预测包括Angular预测模式、planar模式等。基于Node-Cell结构的帧内预测方法在Angular预测基础上实现了双向预测,提供了更多的模式选择和更高的预测精度。Node-Cell结构中所有像素在当前块被分成两个子集,node像素点和cell像素点,node像素的重建值被用于内插预测cell像素。新增的帧内模式信息被设计为表示下采样率,它由该编码单元的细节及复杂度决定。为了保证重建质量,node像素和cell像素的残差均被发送到解码器。实验结果表明Node-Cell结构会提高预测精度。     

基于梯度方向算子的H.264帧内模式选择算法

提出梯度方向算子的概念,基于该算子提出了一种H.264帧内模式快速选择算法。本文首先应用梯度方向算子计算编码宏块中各4×4亮度子块的纹理特征和灰度起伏特征,根据这两种特征参量削减4×4帧内候选预测模式。通过统计宏块中各子块的4×4候选预测模式信息,结合梯度方向强度门限判别法削减宏块的16×16候选预测模式,通过率失真优化算法计算得到最优亮度预测模式。进一步根据亮度宏块和色度宏块的对应关系,在亮度候选预测模式的基础上对色度宏块候选预测模式进行削减,最后计算得到最优色度预测模式。该算法削减了50%以上的帧内预测模式,减少了帧内预测模式选择的运算量,实验表明,该算法能够在峰值信噪比和码流比特率变化轻微的前提下减少50%以上的运算量。      

应用模糊隶属度的H.264帧内预测模式快速选择

H.264中采用的率失真优化技术虽然提高了编码效率,但也使计算复杂度增加,影响编码的实时实现。针对这一问题,通过分析H.264中计算复杂度较高的帧内预测模式选择部分,提出一种新的帧内预测模式选择算法。根据模糊隶属度函数预先判断宏块类型,从Intra_4×4和Intra_16×16两种预测模式中选择一种,并通过判断4×4块的纹理方向,减少候选预测模式的数量。实验结果表明,在保持图像性能和码率基本不变的情况下,该算法能有效提高H.264的编码速度,有利于实时应用。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.