抛光膏的现状与发展

抛光是指用抛光材料对金属制品表面进行整平处理,降低粗糙度,使凹凸的表面变得平滑、精美,增加表层的光泽和外观质量。抛光的好坏和优劣对物体表面的外观和耐腐蚀性能的影响极大、有时甚至会影响进一步的加工处理。 常用的抛光材料有固体及液体两大类,固体称为抛光膏,液体称为抛光浆。国内现以抛光膏为主,抛光浆尚处在开发阶段。     

金属管件内表面的电化学抛光

介绍了电化学抛光的基本原理和管件内表面电化学抛光的移动式阴极结构，对酸性和中性抛光电解液的优、缺点及其应用范围进行了分析、比较，给出了几种应用范围比较广泛的电化学抛光的电解液配方和相应的加工工艺参数。     

专利实例

铝及铝合金表面处理三则 95301 铝及铝合金抛光所用的电解液 本专利介绍的抛光铝及铝合金所用的电解液含有:Na_3PO_4 250～300g/L,纯碱200～250g/L,铝钙石英5～15g/L,四乙酰四双偶氮环辛烷5～15g/L,二丁二酰胺—二硫化物0.3～1.08/L。采用此电解液抛光,可提高工件表面的反射率和使表面更为光滑。     

用旋转电极阳极溶出法测定镀镍添加剂的整平能力

任何镀件表面,即使是经过抛光的表面,都具有一定的微观粗糙性。因此,要得到光亮而平滑的镀层表面,必须要求添加剂具有相当的整平能力和光亮能力。这里说的整平能力,是指通过电沉积填平微观沟槽,而使镀层表面平整光滑的性能。通常,所谓整平是指表面粗糙度大于1μ的沟槽的填平,而粗糙度小于1μ沟槽的填平则属光亮性能的范围。可见,添加剂的整平和光亮能力都是反映通过电沉积填平沟槽性能的指标,二者本质相同。因而,具     

铝及其合金的电解抛光

<正> 铝及其合金的电解抛光是一种特殊的电化学加工方法。它能有效地整平和抛光金属及合金的表面组织,提高其平滑性和光亮度。因此在仪器、日用品和工艺美术品等的制造工业中被广泛采用。本文着重介绍电解抛光的原理和工艺。一、电解抛光原理铝或铝合金制品在电解抛光前,必须经除油和出光处理,使其表面洁净而呈银白色,然后进行电解抛光。其设备如图1所示。     

粉末涂层陶瓷材料的涂层工艺及涂层机理

对使用Ａ２Ｏ３溶胶在硬质合金粉末表面涂层Ａ１２Ｏ３陶瓷进行了研究。重点探讨了基体粉末的表层处理、粉末涂层对Ａ１２Ｏ３涂胶的要求以及使用Ａ１２Ｏ３溶胶涂层硬质合金粉末的涂层工艺,最后,对有些硬质合金粉末引起Ａ１２Ｏ３溶胶在涂层过程中发生凝胶的凝胶机理、粉末涂层法的涂层机理进行了分析。认为硬质合金粉末对Ａ１２Ｏ３溶胶中胶体粒子的离子氛围的影响是使溶胶发生凝胶与否的关键。涂层机理则是硬质合金粉末表面通过     

无接触电解抛光

本文介绍的无接触电解抛光方法是以让阳极和阴极面向工件,而工件并没有与电源相连接的方式进行电解抛光的方法。文中列举了这种电抛光效率的数据,并指出面向阴极的表面之抛光效率取决于电解液的导电率和电极的位置。这种方法应用于连续性的带材和线材的电解抛光相当有效。     

环保型铜化学抛光剂的开发

1　前言化学抛光与机械抛光、电化学抛光相比 ,它不需要通电和挂具。因此 ,可以抛光形状复杂的制品 ,并且生产效率高。化学抛光得到光亮表面 ,提高了铜及铜合金的装饰效果和表面性能。目前国内大多使用铬酐型和硝酸 (盐 )型的化学抛光液 ,危害人体健康 ,并污染环境。因此 ,近年来国内外对铜及铜合金的抛光进行大量的研究 ,开发了各种污染小、抛光效果好的环保型抛光液。通过对各种化学抛光工艺如三酸型、Ｈ2 Ｏ2 Ｈ2 ＳＯ4型、Ｈ2 Ｏ2 ＨＮＯ3 型[1 ,2 ] 、Ｈ2 Ｏ2 ＨＡｃ型[2 ,3 ] 以及Ｋ2 ＣｒＯ7 Ｈ2 ＳＯ4型[1 ] 等抛光效果及对环境…     

不锈钢电抛光

电抛光是特殊的阳极过程，在此阳极过程中，挂在阳极上的金属制品表面被整平并呈现光洁的外观。电化学抛光做为一种表面精饰工艺广泛应用于不锈钢制品表面的去毛刺、精饰抛光。1不锈钢电化学抛光原理不锈钢电解抛光是将不锈钢制品挂在阳极上，于一定的电解抛光溶液中进行的。在整个阳极电解抛光过程中不锈钢制品表面同时进行着两个相互矛盾的过程[1]，即金属表面氧化膜（含稠性粘膜）不断生成和溶解。由于不锈钢制品表面凸起部分和凹洼部分化学成膜进入钝态的条件是不同的，又由于阳极溶解，阳极区金属盐浓度不断增加，在不锈钢制品表面形成…     

电化学抛光对HR-1不锈钢表面的影响

以硫酸-磷酸混合液为电解液,考察了电化学抛光技术对HR-1不锈钢表面的影响。通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察样品的表面形貌,并利用电子天平测量样品的质量变化。结果表明:当电流密度为80A/dm2,温度为90℃,抛光时间为60s时,样品表面的平整度最高,机械加工痕迹基本消失,无明显的尖峰与坑点,粗糙度小于0.18μm。为保证样品的尺寸精度,需要控制抛光时间。     

Tribological and electrochemical behavior of thick Cr-C alloy coatings electrodeposited in trivalent chromium bath as an alternative to conventional Cr coatings

Alternative process to hexavalent chromium plating, substitute materials and new designs are urgently needed owing to the requirement of “clean” manufacture. This comparative study was conducted to systematically investigate the tribological and electrochemical behavior of the Cr-C alloy coatings electrodeposited from a trivalent chromium bath and the hard Cr coatings electrodeposited from conventional hexavalent chromium bath, using reciprocating ball-on-disc tribometer and electrochemical analyzer. The electroplated Cr-C alloy coatings with thickness of 50 μm and acceptable quality that can be used for wear resistance as well as corrosion resistance purposes were produced successfully. The results show that the as-deposited Cr-C alloy coatings exhibited crack-free surface and amorphous/microcrystalline structure. The following heat treatment resulted in the cracked surface and the increase in hardness for the electroplated Cr-C alloy coatings. In contrast, the conventional Cr coatings exhibited cracked surface and their hardness decreased with the increase in annealing temperature. The electroplated Cr-C alloy coatings after heat treatment at 200 °C for 1 h exhibited better wear resistance than the conventional Cr coatings. In regard to the electrochemical behavior, the as-deposited Cr-C alloy coatings exhibited better corrosion resistance than the conventional Cr coatings. Therefore, the electroplated Cr-C alloy coatings are environmentally acceptable candidates to replace the conventional Cr coatings.     

柠檬酸钠体系中Ni・Fe合金的电沉积行为

采用循环伏安曲线、电化学阻抗谱、计时电流曲线等方法对柠檬酸钠体系中Ni-Fe合金的电沉积行为进行了研究。结果表明:柠檬酸钠体系中Ni-Fe合金电沉积是一个受扩散控制的不可逆过程。随着电位的增大,电沉积依次经历了电化学活化阶段、电结晶成核阶段、动力学-扩散混合控制阶段和扩散控制阶段。阴极附近未被及时消耗的FeOH+会覆盖在电极表面,阻碍金属离子扩散到电极表面放电,使电化学阻抗谱低频端存在阻挡层扩散阻抗特征。随着电位的增大,Ni-Fe合金的成核速率逐渐加快。Ni-Fe合金的成核机制在低电位下表现为连续成核,在高电位下表现为瞬时成核。     

Conversion coating treatment for AZ31 magnesium alloys by a phytic acid bath

A phytic acid chemical conversion bath was applied to a sample of AZ31 magnesium alloy in this study; a transparent conversion coating formed subsequently on the sample surface. The test results of this coating with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that there exist compact coatings on the surface of treated magnesium alloy. With the analyses of electronic probe microscopy (EPMA) and IR spectrum, a further study of this coating indicated that the coating was mainly composed of phytate and oxide or hydroxid. Furthermore, The electrochemical tests showed that the phytic acid bath conversion treatment enhanced the corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloys. The optimal pH of the phytic acid bath was 9.00–10.00.     

电沉积Ni-S、Ni-P-S合金析氢阴极的研究

在电沉积法制备Ni-S合金电极的基础上,向镀液中添加次亚磷酸钠制备了Ni-P-S合金电极。电化学测试结果表明,Ni-P-S和Ni-S合金电极的催化性能都要好于其它电极,Ni-P-S合金电极的性能随着次亚磷酸钠质量浓度的升高而降低。计算了电极的电极反应动力学参数(包括Tafel斜率b、交换电流密度0ρ和过电位η),解释了Ni-P-S合金电极和Ni-S合金电极在不同电流密度区活性不同的原因。恒电流电解表明,Ni-P-S合金电极具有较高的稳定性。电极的微观形貌用SEM进行表征,成份用能谱进行分析,通过X射线衍射分析电极的晶型结构。     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of AZ91D alloy in ethylene glycol

The effect of concentration on the corrosion behavior of Mg-based alloy AZ91D was investigated in ethylene glycol–water solutions using electrochemical techniques i.e. potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance measurements (EIS) and surface examination via scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique. This can provide a basis for developing new coolants for magnesium alloy engine blocks. Corrosion behavior of AZ91D alloy by coolant is important in the automotive industry. It was found that the corrosion rate of AZ91D alloy decreased with increasing concentration of ethylene glycol. For AZ91D alloy in chloride >0.05 M or fluoride <0.05 M containing 30% ethylene glycol solution, they are more corrosive than the blank (30% ethylene glycol–70% water). However, at concentrations <0.05 for chloride or >0.05 M for fluoride containing ethylene glycol solution, some inhibition effect has been observed. The corrosion of AZ91D alloy in the blank can be effectively inhibited by addition of 0.05 mM paracetamol that reacts with AZ91D alloy and forms a protective film on the surface at this concentration as confirmed by surface examination.     

变形锌合金在柠檬酸盐镀镍液中的腐蚀行为

利用动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究了变形锌合金在柠檬酸盐电镀镍溶液中的腐蚀行为,通过场发射扫描电镜(SEM–EDS)表征了腐蚀表面形貌和成分。结果表明,锌合金在镀液中呈活性溶解状态,柠檬酸钠对锌合金有缓蚀作用;提高镀液温度不仅加剧锌合金腐蚀,还会加快镍置换反应发生。     

双镀锌铝合金镀层的组织结构和耐蚀性

采用“双镀法”在钢板表面热浸镀不同铝含量的锌铝镀层(Zn-5Al、Zn-11Al、Zn-17Al和Zn-23Al),利用扫描电镜和能谱仪考察浸镀液中铝含量对镀层组织结构的影响,采用电化学测试、中性盐雾试验等手段评价镀层耐蚀性的变化。随着浸镀液中铝含量升高,镀层表面由片层状交替排布的富铝、富锌共晶组织向富铝枝晶网络结构转变,耐蚀性逐渐提高。但铝含量过高(质量分数大于17%)会导致大量脆性Fe-Al-Zn金属间化合物生成,合金层厚度明显增大。     

AM60镁合金锰系磷酸盐转化膜的耐蚀性研究

通过向锰系磷酸盐溶液中添加促进剂,在AM 60镁合金表面得到了耐蚀性良好的化学转化膜.用电化学方法研究了该转化膜在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.动电位极化曲线结果表明:转化膜的自腐蚀电位相对于合金基体的大幅正移,自腐蚀电流密度明显减小,但阳极钝化电位区间不很明显.EIS结果表明:转化膜的高频容抗弧曲率半...     

Optimization of electroless Ni-Zn-P deposition process: experimental study and mathematical modeling

A mathematical model based on mixed potential theory was developed which was used to optimize a non-anomalous Ni-Zn-P electroless deposition process developed by us at USC. The model was developed by assuming an adsorption step in addition to the electrochemical steps. The concentrations of the Zn and Ni complex were estimated by solving the material balances in addition to the electroneutrality condition and the equilibrium relations. The composition of the coating was estimated from the partial current densities of all charge transfer reactions, which occur at the electrode-electrolyte interface. The model results showed that the adsorption plays a significant role in the alloy deposition process. From the model results, it was seen that the addition of Zn ions to the bath inhibits the deposition rate by changing the surface coverage of the adsorbed electroactive species on the electrode surface. The model indicated that an increase of pH of the bath increases the alloy deposition rate.     

Zn-Ni合金电沉积过程中的渗氢行为

用电化学渗氢测试方法探讨了氯化物体系、硫酸盐-氯化物混合体系电沉积Zn-N i合金镀层过程中的渗氢行为。结果表明,氯化物体系比硫酸盐-氯化物混合体系渗氢电流小,用电镀过程中的氢覆盖率和镀层孔隙率对渗氢特点进行了解释。