电沉积Ni-Mo-P合金及其析氢电催化性能的研究

在大量文献的基础上,采用正交试验优化电沉积Ni-Mo-P合金工艺.经过测试证明:Ni-Mo-P合金镀层致密,结合力强,具有较高的硬度和耐高温腐蚀的性能.通过极化曲线的测定,钛基Ni-Mo-P合金具有比钛电极和铁电极更低的析氢过电势,Ni-Mo-P合金具有较高的电催化性能,可望成为新一代氯碱工业用高活性阴极.     

La-Mg-Ni系贮氢电极合金的研究进展

综述了La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金电极的研究进展,包括合金材料的组成、结构、制备方法及表面处理工艺等,着重介绍了AB3型和A2B7型合金的电化学性能,分析讨论了各种替代元素对合金性能影响的原因,提出了未来La-Mg-Ni系贮氢合金应用研究的方向。     

电沉积钼合金及其析氢电催化性能研究

在大量文献的基础上,采用正交实验电沉积出了La-Mo、La-Co-Mo合金。经过测试证明：钼合金镀层致密,结合力强,具有较高的硬度和耐高温腐蚀的性能。通过极化曲线的测定,结果表明钛基钼合金都具有比钛电极较低的析氢过电势,证明了钼合金具有较高的电催化性能,可望成为新一代的氯碱工业用高活性阴极。     

氯碱工业活性阴极的研究

介绍了氯碱工业中活性阴极的发展现状,并通过电沉积法制备了一种合金电极,对其电镀工艺进行了探讨,得出了最佳工艺条件:镍∶钐=1∶1;电镀时间为120 min;温度为20℃;pH值=4.并对其使用寿命和耐腐蚀性能进行了简单测试,性能比铁电极好.     

Fe-Al-C系合金的结构和性能的分析与研究

Fe-Al-C系合金是工业中应用广泛的一类金属结构材料,在工业生产中有着重要的用途.现代工业经济的飞速发展,使得对Fe-Al-C系合金结构和性能的深入研究更加重要.本文就Fe-Al-C系合金的结构和性能进行了深入的分析与研究.     

Co-Mo合金电镀及其析氢电催化性能研究

分别研究以钛和铁为基体的Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ合金电镀，经测试证明Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ镀层结合力强，硬度高，耐腐蚀和耐热性能优良。阴极极化曲线指出，以钛为基体电镀Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ合金镀层作为阴极，在３００ｇ／ＬＮａＣｌ溶液中，６０℃，ＪＫ＝３０ｍＡ／ｃｍ２电解，能降低氢超电势５２０ｍＶ；以铁为基体电镀Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ合金镀层作为阴极，在同样条件下电解，能降低氢超电势１８０ｍＶ，说明以钛为基体电镀Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ合金镀层是优良的析氢电催化电极     

硼对非晶态LaMg11Zr+200%Ni储氢合金电化学性能的影响

以熔炼LaMg11Zr为母体合金,采用机械合金化法制备了非晶态LaMg11Zr+200%Ni+xB(x=0,2%,5%,10%)系列储氢合金,研究了B含量对合金结构和电化学性能的影响.结果表明:球磨20 h后,各合金均达到非晶态,B促进了非晶态合金的形成,提高了非晶态合金的热稳定性.合金电极均有良好的活化性能;随B含量的增加,合金电极的放电容量先增加后减少,LaMg11Zr+200%Ni+2%B合金电极达到最大放电容量614.2 mAh·g-1,比不含B合金电极提高了6.7%;添加B提高了合金电极的循环稳定性,充放电30周循环后合金电极的容量保持率由44.4%(x=0)增加到70.4%(x=10%);且添加B在一定程度上改善了合金电极的高倍率放电性能.     

柠檬酸—EDTA电镀光亮Sn—Pb合金的研究（Ⅱ）电解液性能

测定了以ＱＢ－１为添加的柠檬酸－ＥＤＴＡ电镀光亮Ｓｎ－Ｐｂ合金电解液的性能。实验结果表明，该电解液的深镀能力好，分散能力在５０％左右（Ｋ＝２），阴极电流密度为１￣２．５Ａ／ｄｍ＾２时，阴极电流效率可达６０％￣６８％，添加ＱＢ－１后，使电解液具有正整平性。     

钴钨电催化阴极的制备和应用

本文研究以钛和铁为基体的钴钨合金电催化阴极的制备及其在制备电解ＭｎＯ２和氯碱电解工业上的应用。实验得出，钴钨镀层的结合力强、硬度大、耐腐蚀性强、耐热性优良，并且在电解３００ｇ／ＬＮａＣｌ和１ｍｏｌ／ＬＭｎ－ＳＯ４＋０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４中作为阴极，具有优良的析氢电催化性能     

电沉积制备Ni-P非晶态催化电极上的析氢反应

用直接电沉积法在室温下制备出不同磷含量的Ni-P合金电极,用恒电流极化法研究了电极在20℃的1 mol/L KOH溶液中作为析氢反应阴极的催化性能,并用XRD及SEM方法研究了Ni-P合金镀层的组织结构. 实验结果表明,磷含量为8.49 at%的Ni-P合金电极具有优良的催化性能,在150 mA/cm2的电流密度下,析氢反应过电位最低,约为95 mV, 比纯镍电极低342 mV, 低电流密度区的Tafel斜率为65.4 mV/dec, 表现出良好的析氢催化活性, 这种高催化活性与镀层磷含量及组织结构有关.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。