基于最小二乘迭代算法精确估计塔康方位参数

对中频数字化技术的塔康视频信号方位估计进行了研究。首先通过搜索PAM信号的峰值,得到由随机峰值点组成的包络信号;再根据确定的信号形式,采用最小二乘迭代算法估计出包络信号的方位参数。不需要寻找正斜率拐点和脉冲对译码,通过迭代运算能减小运算量和计算机内存,在对峰值进行拟合过程中,能有效抑制噪声的影响,提高参数估计精度。计算机仿真验证了其有效性。在3 dbW的功率信噪比下,估计误差不超过0.5°,满足塔康系统的方位误差为2°的要求。与传统方法相比,该方法具有实现简单、高精度的特点。     

基于压缩感知的塔康方位估计算法

塔康(tactical air navigation,TACAN)信号峰值检测后的离散数据呈随机采样特性,为避免Kalman算法产生滤波发散问题并有效减小对数据量的需求,提出一种基于压缩感知理论的方位估计方法.通过对塔康信号的角度空间进行稀疏分解和观测值压缩,优化重构原始包络信号进而获得方位估计值.仿真实验证明了该算法的性能,与最小二乘拟合算法相比,在保证估计精度的同时进一步降低了峰值数据量,大大减少了计算过程中的冗余,并且在信噪比较大的情况下,方位估计准确度较最小二乘拟合有一定提高.     

一种基于Huber函数的塔康方位稳健估计算法

为抑制峰值检测器提取的塔康峰值包络中野值的影响,提出了一种方位稳健估计算法。利用基于最大似然准则的Huber函数压缩大于门限的误差,减小野值在算法中的权重。并采用双重门限对Huber函数作了改进,消除较大野值的权重,对较小的野值进行压缩,给出了门限参数的选取依据。该方法不需要噪声的先验统计知识,能有效抑制野值的影响。仿真结果表明:所提算法的参数估计精度较传统的Huber估计器和最小二乘算法(Least Square)有明显提高,在3 dB功率信噪比环境下,估计误差小于0.5°,满足塔康系统要求。     

采用子孔径分割的逆合成孔径雷达成像包络对齐方法

针对低信噪比情况下难以对逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)目标回波进行精确包络对齐的问题,提出了一种采用子孔径分割的逆合成孔径雷达成像包络对齐方法。该方法首先将全孔径划分为若干个相同长度的子孔径,并将每个子孔径的包络误差建模为线性,然后利用最小熵准则对子孔径包络误差进行估计,最后通过高阶多项式拟合实现对全孔径包络误差的精确估计。该方法具有更好的抗噪性和更高的估计精度,能对ISAR目标回波数据进行较为精确的包络误差补偿。仿真结果表明,在-5dB的低输入信噪比下,相对于传统方法,该方法成像结果的熵值降低了约0.6,说明取得了更好的包络对齐结果。     

可调节相关峰参数的脉冲检测分选算法

针对传统塔康脉冲序列检测算法没有考虑不同工作模式下脉冲间隔（PRI）的特征信息,低信噪比下检测误差大而且算法复杂度高的问题,提出一种可调节参数的基于相关峰峰值位置的脉冲序列检测分选算法.根据相关信号的检测模型确定优化目标,构建一个负定型的埃尔米特检测矩阵;通过对相邻峰值位置的检测滤除不符合PRI特征的脉冲序列;利用脉冲消隐消除衰落效应引起的干扰信号对脉冲检测的影响;采用循环队列的脉冲对分选方法解决非完整周期内脉冲丢失的问题.实验结果表明该检测算法在改善信号信噪比的同时,脉冲到达时间（PTOA）的检测精度和基准脉冲序列的检测准确率都有显著提高.      

基于Kalman滤波的塔康方位精确解算方法

针对塔康机载设备模拟体制庞大,现有方位解算方法过程复杂、精度不高等问题,基于软件无线电思想,对塔康机载设备进行中频数字化,提出了一种Kalman滤波提取包络信号的方位精确解算方法.首先采用状态空间描述法,详细推导了塔康包络信号的观测方程和状态方程参量的表达式,建立了塔康包络信号的观测方程和状态方程.然后设计了提取塔康包络信号的Kalman滤波模型,给出了提取包络信号的流程以及方位求解算法.最后经装备模拟器验证表明:所设计的方法过程简单,解算方位精度高,算法完全适用于实装工程的实现.     

OFDM系统中一种信道估计频域插值算法

对信道的准确估计是提高相干解调的正交频分复用(OFDM)系统性能的关键。在OFDM系统中,提出了频域内用均匀分布的导频符号,用离散Fourier变换(DFT)域插值思想,在时域对冲激响应用包络加权的方法完成频域信道估计。与传统的DFT变换域方法、线形插值方法进行了比较,并根据硬件实现的难易对加权因子做了几种简化。仿真结果表明,在低信噪比下,该方法估计的信道归一化均方误差明显小于其他算法,但随着信噪比的增加,性能改善逐渐较小。该方法复杂度增加很少,适合于工程实现。     

基于模极大值与希尔伯特结合的TOA估计

传统的TOA(time of arrival)算法仅在高信噪比情况下才能获得较高精度的估计,为弥补现有估计算法的不足,提出了一种新的基于模极大值与包络提取结合的TOA估计算法。该算法首先利用小波模极大值对多径信号去噪,然后运用希尔伯特变换,对去噪后信号进行包络提取,选取第一个包络的峰值作为TOA估计值。仿真结果显示,与小波阈值相比,小波模极大值与希尔伯特结合的TOA估计误差更小。算法简单有效,实现了低信噪比下的高精度估计。     

基于CMLE的改进型IR-UWB同步算法

提出了一种基于CMLE的改进型IR-UWB同步算法,包含3项优化方案:帧级噪声抑制、噪声模板互相关估计以及滑动相关搜索.其中,帧级噪声抑制、噪声模板互相关估计通过加强噪声抑制能力从而改善算法在低信噪比情况下的参数估计精度;滑动相关搜索进一步优化了高信噪比情况下参数估计的均方误差性能.数学分析及仿真实验的结果表明每项优化方案均在不同程度上实现了预期的性能优化.     

非均匀阵元噪声条件下的近场声源定位

针对常规定位方法在空间非均匀高斯噪声背景下近场声源定位性能下降的问题,基于平面阵建立了近场声源信号模型,推导了空间非均匀阵元噪声条件下求解声源方位和距离信息的最大似然定位方法,并使用连续空间蚁群优化算法,解决了该最大似然方法在多维参数空间搜索的高运算复杂度问题,通过仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.仿真实验表明,该方法估计精度较高,在低信噪比下方位和距离均方误差都小于常规最大似然方法,并且在高信噪比条件下方位和距离的均方误差都逼近克拉美-罗界.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.