莨菪烷类生物碱与人血清白蛋白非共价结合的电喷雾质谱研究

利用电喷雾离子阱质谱法研究人血清白蛋白与樟柳碱、山莨菪碱、阿托品、东莨菪碱间的非共价作用,考察进样液pH值及质谱仪毛细管温度、锥孔电压等对莨菪烷类生物碱与人血清白蛋白非共价结合特性的影响．计算莨菪烷类生物碱与人血清白蛋白复合物的结合常数（K）和最大化学计量比,并根据热力学参数确定了人血清白蛋白与樟柳碱、阿托品、山莨菪碱之间的作用力类型主要为静电引力,与东莨菪碱之间的作用力类型主要为疏水作用力．电喷雾离子阱质谱法可用于莨菪烷类生物碱与人血清白蛋白非共价结合的研究．     

LC-MS/MS法测定毛曼陀罗中莨菪碱、东莨菪碱和山莨菪碱的含量

目的建立LC-MS/MS测定毛曼陀罗中莨菪碱、东莨菪碱和山莨菪碱含量的方法。方法利用盐酸与浓氨水和三氯甲烷提取毛曼陀罗根部中的生物碱,以乙腈-(0.05%甲酸)水溶液=68:32为流动相;Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,3.5μm)的色谱柱;柱温25℃;流速0.3 mL/min;进样量:2μL。结果莨菪碱、东莨菪碱和山莨菪碱在分别为1～200 ng/mL;1～1000 ng/mL;1～1000 ng/mL的范围内有良好的线性关系。线性方程依次为:Y=813.8904X+2165.3000(r2=0.9922);Y=714.1221X+517.4311(r2=0.9892);Y=872.9971X+1024.4247(r2=0.9952);平均加样回收率分别为97.17%、97.2%、92.68%,RSD分别为1.02%、1.31%、1.41%。通过对12批曼陀罗根中莨菪碱、东莨菪碱和山莨菪碱的测定,其浓度范围分别为1～20 ng/mL;1～18 ng/mL;1～19 ng/mL。结论该方法简单、灵敏度高、稳定性好可用于毛曼陀罗中莨菪碱、东莨菪碱和山莨菪碱含量的测定。     

内蒙古曼陀罗有效成分的研究

以离子交换树脂法对内蒙产曼陀罗(Datura Tatula L.)的花进行了提取分离,此法不仅节省溶剂,手续简便,而且提得率很高,可得总碱0.6％左右,其中东莨菪碱占82％,莨菪碱占18％。提取物之各部份经用圆形滤纸层析、硅胶薄层层析和纸层析法分析,除东莨菪碱和莨菪碱(包括消旋体阿托品)外,未发现有其他生物碱存在。     

曼陀罗愈伤组织培养及药用成分莨菪碱的分析

为解决野生资源不足,满足临床上对东莨菪碱和莨菪碱的需求,以曼陀罗嫩茎为外植体进行了愈伤组织的诱导培养和继代培养,并对愈伤组织中的生物碱、东莨菪碱和莨菪碱进行了分析.结果证明:MS+2,4-D1.0mg.L-1是曼陀罗愈伤组织诱导和继代培养的理想培养基.由愈伤组织提取的生物碱中含有东莨菪碱和莨菪碱.实验培养的曼陀罗愈伤组织为东莨菪碱和莨菪碱的工厂化生产奠定了基础.     

珠江广州-东莞河段重金属污染状况及分布特征

利用原子吸收和原子荧光光谱分析,对珠江广州-东莞河段重金属的污染状况及分布特征进行调查.结果发现,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As在水溶液中的浓度分别为(括号中为平均值):9.1~16.3μg·L~(-1)(11.3μg·L~(-1))、3.7~11.1μg·L~(-1)(6.8μg·L~(-1))、141~79.7μg·L~(-1)(116μg·L~(-1))、3.0~17.4μg·L~(-1)(6.8μg·L~(-1))、2.3~4.0μg·L~(-1)(3.3μg·L~(-1));在悬浮颗粒物中的含量分别为:1.7~31.2μg·L~(-1)(10.2μg·L~(-1))、6.5~27.1μg·L~(-1)(15μg·L~(-1))、6.6~114μg·L~(-1)(37.6μg·L~(-1))、0.8~22.9μg·L~(-1)(7.2μg·L~(-1))、0.3~3.0μg·L~(-1)(1.2μg·L~(-1)).污染水平高低顺序为ZnCuPbCrAs,广州河段污染较东莞河段严重,且污染指数均呈现上游高下游低的分布特征.Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As的颗粒物-水分配系数对数值(log Kp)分别为:4.16±0.16、4.79±0.27、3.73±0.21、4.33±0.67、3.93±0.15,表明河水中的重金属易于富集到悬浮颗粒物中.     

响应面法优化洋金花中东莨菪碱的提取

运用响应面法进行实验设计,对洋金花中东莨菪碱在超声提取过程中的各因素进行考察优化.采用HPLC法测定东莨菪碱的质量浓度,以盐酸浓度、提取时间、液料比为考察因素,东莨菪碱提取率为响应值,用Box-Behnken响应面法设计提取工艺实验,建立预测方程,优化提取工艺.结合实际可操作性,确定最佳提取条件为:盐酸浓度3 mol·L~(-1),提取时间43 min,液料比25 mL·g~(-1).实验结果显示,实际值与预测值的偏差为2.76%,相关性良好,说明对洋金花中东莨菪碱的提取进行响应面法优化合理可行.     

山莨菪属四种植物光合作用光响应及CO_2响应研究

选用从野外采集移栽至温室的山莨菪属的山莨菪、赛莨菪、铃铛子和三分三,比较4种植物之间光合作用的光响应和CO_2响应特性.结果表明:4个物种饱和光强约在1 400～1 500μmol photons·m~(-2)·s~(-1)左右,4个物种间表观量子效率和瞬时水分利用效率无显著差异,但山莨菪瞬时水分利用效率略高,表明山莨菪可能更耐旱.最大净光合速率铃铛子明显高于其他3个物种(P 0.05),光补偿点和暗呼吸速率方面山莨菪明显低于三分三和铃铛子(P 0.05),羧化效率和CO_2补偿点4个物种间无显著差异,光呼吸速率铃铛子明显高于其他3个物种(P 0.05),以上结果表明无胁迫条件下铃铛子可能生长的最好,拥有最大生物量,而山莨菪相对其他3个物种可能较低光强下就能满足呼吸消耗.     

雨生红球藻无菌化处理及其对生长和生理的影响

实验研究了雨生红球藻FACHB-712藻株对氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素、链霉素、庆大霉素4种抗生素的敏感性以及这4种抗生素对FACHB-712藻株生长的影响,结果表明:低质量浓度的链霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素对FACHB-712藻液中的细菌具有明显的抑制作用.但链霉素和卡那霉素的质量浓度为10μg·m L~(-1)时,雨生红球藻FACHB-712藻株的生长受到明显抑制,庆大霉素的质量浓度低于10μg·m L~(-1)时,对FACHB-712藻株的生长无明显影响.氨苄青霉素质量浓度为10~200μg·m L~(-1)时,对FACHB-712藻株生长具有促进作用,质量浓度为500μg·m L~(-1)时,则对FACHB-712藻株生长有一定的抑制作用.在此基础上,采用6种方法添加抗生素,除了A(300μg·m L~(-1)的氨苄青霉素和5μg·m L~(-1)庆大霉素连续处理6 d)和B(300μg·m L~(-1)的氨苄青霉素和5μg·m L~(-1)卡那霉素连续处理6 d)两种处理方法外,其他处理方法均能获得无菌藻株.无菌藻株与有菌藻株相比较,无菌藻株不易老化,游动营养细胞较多,厚壁孢子数量较少,但无菌藻株与有菌藻株在潜在最大光合效率、潜在最大光合速率、耐受强光的能力以及对光强的利用能力等光合能力方面无统计学上差异(P0.05).     

高效液相色谱-电化学检测法测定水红花子中花旗松素和槲皮素的含量

建立高效液相色谱-电化学法测定水红花子中花旗松素和槲皮素的含量.高效液相色谱采用VP-ODS柱,以体积比为18∶3∶29的甲醇、乙腈和pH=2.5的0.04mol·L~(-1)磷酸氢二钾溶液的混合溶液为流动相,设定流速为0.8mL·min~(-1),检测电位为+0.75V(vs.Ag/AgCl),采用内标法定量处理.在选定色谱条件下,花旗松素和槲皮素的线性范围分别为0.040~50.0mg·L~(-1)和0.010~50.0mg·L~(-1),最低检测限分别为15.0μg·L~(-1)和3.0μg·L~(-1).该方法简便,准确率高,重现性好,能获得满意的实验结果.     

维U颠茄铝胶囊中硫酸阿托品和氢溴酸东莨菪碱含量测定

硫酸阿托品和氢溴酸东莨菪碱为维U颠茄铝胶囊中重要活性成分,其含量的测定有利于产品的质量监控。采用甲醇-超声波提取活性成分,高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定含量。结果表明:超声波-甲醇提取效果好;HPLC 分析结果显示硫酸阿托品(0．0216-0．24192 mg／mL)和氢溴酸东莨菪碱(0．01062-0．12736 mg／mL)均呈良好的线性相关,相关系数分别为0．9993和0．9998;精确度高,硫酸阿托品平均加样回收率96．43％,RSD为1．0％(n=5), 氢溴酸东莨菪平均加样回收率95．10％,RSD为1．0％(n=5);试验的分离性、重复性和稳定性良好。本方法快速、可靠,同时为其他中药制剂中硫酸阿托品和氢溴酸东莨菪碱含量测定奠定了基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.