低铁锌铁合金电镀新工艺

研究了在碱性锌酸盐镀液中加入含铁补充剂后,得到镀层含铁量为0.4%～0.8%的锌铁合金电镀新工艺,讨论了影响镀层铁含量的各种因素,测试了镀层及镀液的性能.结果表明,锌铁合金镀层与锌镀层相比,更加光亮、细致,结晶致密,耐蚀性得到进一步提高.     

机械研磨电镀锌-铁合金镀层及其耐蚀性的研究

在电镀锌-铁合金镀层的过程中施加机械研磨作用,制得机械研磨电镀锌-铁合金镀层。采用扫描电子显微镜观察了镀层的微观形貌,并采用电化学试验研究了镀层在3.5%的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:与普通锌-铁合金镀层相比,机械研磨电镀锌-铁合金镀层的组织结构致密,晶粒达到了纳米晶尺寸,耐蚀性更好。     

新防护性低氢脆锌——镍合金电镀工艺研究

一前言随着工业和科学技术的发展,人们对钢铁零部件的耐蚀性要求愈来愈高。目前大量使用的锌、镉镀层往往不能满足技术上的要求。因此很多研究者在探索和寻找提高耐蚀性的途径。近来人们发现某些锌基合金具有良好的耐蚀性,如锌-镍合金、锌-钻合金、锌-铁合金、锌-钛合金和锌-锰合金等,     

酸性氯化物体系电镀锌铁合金及镀后处理

以30CrMnSiA钢作为基材,先采用酸性氯化物体系电镀锌铁合金,再进行磷化或六价铬钝化.对比了Zn–Fe合金镀层及其磷化试样和钝化试样的外观、表面形貌、耐蚀性和电泳漆膜附着力.结果表明,本工艺所得的锌铁合金镀层更适合磷化后处理.     

全光亮锌铁合金电镀工艺

研究了一种锌铁合金电镀工艺,所得镀层全光亮,耐蚀性和耐变色性能均比镀锌层强,可以用来代替镀锌或作为装饰性镀铬的底层.提供了镀液及镀层性能的测试结果     

锌铁合金电镀工艺研究

研究了碱性锌酸盐锌铁合金电镀工艺,探讨了各工艺条件对镀层铁含量的影响.通过控制工艺条件,获得了含铁量为9%～12%的光亮锌铁合金镀层.最佳工艺条件为:znO 8～10 g/L,NaOH 110～130 g/L,三乙醇胺20～30 mL/L,FeSO4·7H2O3.3～4.5 g/L,添加剂30～60mL/L,阴极电流密度1～2A/dm2,搅拌速率160～240r/min,温度28～35℃.电化学极化测试和中性盐雾腐蚀试验的结果表明,采用此工艺所得锌铁合金镀层的耐蚀性明显优于纯锌镀层.     

铈对锌-铁合金电沉积的影响

研究了铈对电沉积锌-铁合金镀液及镀层性能的影响,通过分散能力、阴极极化曲线测定,得出在镀液中添加一定量的氯化亚铈能改善镀液性能。通过镀层耐蚀性、抗高温氧化性及镀层表面形貌测试表明,定量铈的参与,可获得更加致密的镀层,可有效提高镀层的耐蚀性及抗高温氧化性。     

镁合金表面电镀锌工艺的应用研究

镁合金碱性锌酸盐镀锌工艺所得的锌镀层光亮,耐蚀性高,碱性锌酸盐镀锌层厚度超过10μm时,钝化后呈均匀五彩色,中性盐雾试验超过96 h.焦磷酸盐镀锌工艺整平能力好,镀层结晶细致,以焦磷酸盐镀锌层作为底层,再碱性锌酸盐加厚镀锌,能有效改善锌镀层的光泽度和耐蚀性,同时降低成本.     

锌-铁合金镀层三价铬黑色钝化工艺的研究

采用正交试验法对锌一铁合金镀层三价铬黑色钝化工艺进行优化,并研究了工艺参数对钝化膜外观和耐蚀性等影响.根据实验结果优选锌一铁合金镀层三价铬黑色钝化工艺.该工艺含有氯化铬、硝酸、硼砂、镍盐和磷酸根,采用有机羧酸作配位荆.该工艺能获得外观均匀黑亮、附着力良好的膜层,中性盐雾试验出白锈时间大于96 h.     

锌压铸件电镀锌-铁合金工艺

将锌-铁合金电镀工艺应用于锌压铸件电镀,分析了锌压铸件镀前处理特点及注意事项,比较了锌压铸件氰化镀铜和锌-铁合金电镀作预镀层的优劣,锌-铁合金电镀工艺能取代氰化镀铜作锌压铸件预镀工艺,并可在锌-铁合金镀层上镀防金、铬等装饰性镀层。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。