自制头皮针护罩在头皮静脉输液中的应用

在儿科头皮静脉输液过程中,由于患儿缺乏自控能力,经常因抓扯或躁动而造成针头移位,导致局部肿胀或针头滑脱而影响输液顺利进行,反复穿刺不仅给患儿带来精神和身体上的痛苦,同时也增加护理工作量和材料消耗.     

系统化护理在老年患者外周静脉留置针输液中的应用体会

目的观察系统化护理在老年患者外周静脉留置针输液中的应用效果。方法在120例老年外周静脉留置针输液中,认真实施心理支持、熟练穿刺操作技巧,规范输液流程、做好并发症的预防与观察等系统护理措施。结果本组患者中,116例(96.67%)外周静脉置管一次穿刺留置成功,4例患者二次穿刺留置成功。留管时间为(6.12±0.56)d。留置输液期间仅出现并发症5例(4.17%),分别为脱管1例、皮下液体轻度渗漏1例、堵塞2例、静脉炎1例。均及时发现并给予对症处理。患者均顺利完成预期输液疗程。结论做好老年患者外周静脉留置针输液中系统化护理,可提高静脉穿刺及留置成功率,降低输液风险,为提高输液治疗效果提供重要保证。     

院前急救转运途中静脉输液的护理风险与防范措施

目的:探讨院前急救转运途中静脉输液的护理风险,并根据静脉输液的护理风险制订恰当的防范措施,以杜绝不良事件的发生,确保用药安全,保证静脉输液质量。方法:通过对院前急救转运途中600例静脉输液患者的各个环节进行筛查,了解静脉输液中存在的护理风险,进行回顾性分析。结果:院前急救转运途中静脉输液与所处的环境因素有关,输液管下段出现空气20例,输液针头滑脱导致液体外渗8例,快速输液受限10例,输液管道扭曲脱落8例。经相应处理仅16例需重新静脉穿刺外,其余输液过程顺利。结论:院前急救护士要具有高度的责任心,严格无菌观念及慎独精神,遵守重症监护制度是预防院前急救转运途中静脉输液护理风险发生的关键,同时积极采取有效措施,提出相应的护理对策,保证转运途中静脉输液的顺利进行,提高治疗效果和院前急救效果。     

彩色输液标签在儿科门诊输液室的应用

静脉输液是儿科临床给药的重要途径之一,由于患儿年龄小,输液滴速宜慢,输液时间较长,液体容易外渗,特别是某些药物对血管刺激性较强,更容易出现渗漏。因此在输液过程中护士加强巡视显得尤为重要。为提高巡视力度,我科根据患儿病情、年龄、用药情况将彩色标签粘贴在输液器莫菲氏滴管上,据此重点巡视患儿,效果较好,介绍如下。     

小儿静脉留置针的穿刺技巧及护理体会

目的总结小儿静脉留置针的穿刺技巧及护理体会。方法选取2016-11—2017-03间在沁阳市第二人民医院实施静脉留置针输液的100例患儿,对其临床护理资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组患儿一次穿刺成功率96.00%,留置时间1~5 d,平均3.20 d。留置期间仅发生1例轻度液体外渗,经及时更换留置针头并调整进针角度后外渗停止。未发生套管针脱落、静脉炎等输液不良事件。结论熟练掌握小儿静脉留置针的穿刺技巧并规范做好留置期间的各项护理操作,可减轻反复穿刺给患儿带来的痛苦,提高护理工作效率,为患儿顺利康复提供重要保证。     

静脉留置针与普通静脉输液在儿科的对比观察

目的:比较儿科静脉留置针输液与普通静脉输液的防液体渗漏、穿刺次数、导管脱落及静脉炎发生总例数等项指标.方法:将我科2010年5月至10月开展的静脉留置针静脉输液100例中随机抽取52例,与同期进行的普通头皮针输液118例中随机抽取的58例的防液体渗漏、穿刺次数、导管脱落及静脉炎发生总例数等指标进行比较性研究.结果:静脉留置针输液与普通静脉输液比较,在防液体渗漏、穿刺次数、导管脱落及静脉炎发生等方面存在显著差异.结论:静脉留置针输液较普通静脉输液能更好防液体渗漏,减少血管穿刺,防导管脱落,使用方便,减轻了患儿的痛苦,值得普遍推广.     

静脉留置针在手术中应用的体会

<正> 输液通路的通畅是手术顺利进行的保障。特别是对于出血量较多的病人,建立一条通畅的静脉通路是手术成功的关键。建立通畅的静脉通路是手术室护理工作的基本内容之一。而过去手术室常采用12号直针头穿刺输液,常常由于体位的原因或全麻清醒前病人燥动而造成液体外渗,不能自始至终保持液体通畅。我院自1997年开始采用静脉留置针这一方法至今,效     

手部输液固定器的研制与应用

目的 探讨静脉输液患者手部固定方法,提高输液患者治疗安全.方法 将220例静脉输液患者随机分为对照组与观察组各110例,观察组输液穿刺毕采用自制手部输液固定器固定,对照组采用输液纸盒或夹板固定.结果 观察组患者舒适率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),针头滑脱率及固定松脱率显著低于对照组(均P<0.01).结论 手部输液固定器可提高患者舒适度,减少针头滑脱,固定效果良好.     

肢体抬高法在老年患者外周静脉输液中的应用研究

目的探讨肢体抬高法在老年患者外周静脉输液中的应用及效果。方法选取180例行外周静脉穿刺的老年患者随机分为对照组和观察组各90例。在患者拔针后对照组采用常规肢体按压法止血,观察组采用肢体抬高法。结果对照组有效止血时间为(164.99±50.01)s,发生轻、中度皮下淤血18例;观察组分别为(53.50±22.84)s、2例,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论肢体抬高法应用于老年患者输液拔针止血可缩短止血时间,减少皮下淤血发生率,提高老年患者的静脉输液质量。     

手术中尿潴留致下肢静脉输液不畅

我院曾遇三例胸腔手术中因尿潴留引起下肢静脉输液不畅。经导尿后解除。现报告如下: 病例1 剖胸手术中病人取右侧卧位,选用气管内插管,左下肢大隐静脉输入静脉复合麻醉剂,右下肢大隐静脉用16号针头输液。用调节器控制滴速。术中输液约4000ml血压曾一度下降,经快速输液,血压上升。关胸时输液不畅,检查针头无凝血、皮肤开肿胀、经全开放调节器提高液体平面均无效。采取     

Importance of echocardiography in prognosis of surgical outcomes in cholecystitis in elderly patients

The authors propose to use more often echocardiography (EchoCG) in examination of elderly (over 60 years) of age patients with cholecystitis that permits to increase surgical activity to 92.4%. Left ventricular ejection fraction is the most informative. When this fraction is lower than 45% surgery must be recommended on vital indications only. EchoCG was used in 155 patients with cholecystitis, 131 of them were operated. 2 (1.52%) patients died due to acute cardio-vascular insufficiency and pulmonary artery thromboembolism.     

杭州健康女性定量骨超声测定原发性骨质疏松

目的 评价杭州健康女性骨超声速度(SOS)值随增龄减少和骨质疏松患病率，建立杭州地区女性骨超声速度值参考数据库。方法 定量超声法测定1208例杭州地区健康女性桡骨远端(RAD)，第3指骨近节(PLX)，第V跖骨(MTR)和胫骨中段(TIB)的超声速度值。结果 RAD、PLX、MTR和TIBSOS峰值(Peak of SOS)均出现在40-45岁，TJB的SOS峰值出现在35—40岁，此后随年龄增长而下降。绝经后妇女在绝经后早期和晚期各有1个SOS快速减少期，前见于桡骨近端，平均年减少率为2．4％，后见于胫骨中段，平均年减少率为1．8％。各部位骨SOS累积减少率随年龄增长而增加，到85岁4部位累积减少为13％-18％。60岁以后骨质疏松性症(OP)检出率为45％-70％，OP检出率以桡骨远端最高，60-70岁平均为67％，第3指骨近端次之约50％，胫骨中段最低为36％；75岁以后分别为70％，65％和45％。结论 全身各部位骨超声速度值到达峰值的年龄不同，峰值也各有差异。绝经后妇女骨超声速度值随年龄增加减少较快，应予激素和补钙治疗，桡骨远端为本地区SOS检测和OP检出的敏感部位。     

中脑导水管周围灰质小胶质细胞活化在大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用

目的 评价中脑导水管周围灰质小胶质细胞活化在大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠176只,体重200 ～ 250 g,9周龄,采用随机数字法,将其分为4组:假手术组(S组,n=40)、神经病理性痛组(NP组,n=40)、生理盐水组(NS组,n=48)和米诺环素组(M组,n=48).NP组、NS组和M组采用慢性坐骨神经缩窄性损伤法制备大鼠神经病理性痛模型;S组仅暴露坐骨神经,而不结扎.术后第7天时,NS组和M组分别于中脑导水管周围灰质的腹外侧区注射生理盐水或米诺环素0.5μl.取8只大鼠,分别于术前1 d(T0)、术后第3天(T1)、第7天给药前30 min(T2)、第7天给药后30 min(T3)、第14天(T4)和第21天(T5)时测定机械痛阈.于T1-5时各处死8只大鼠,取脑组织,行小胶质细胞计数.结果 与S组比较,NP组、NS组和M组T1-5时机械痛阈降低,小胶质细胞计数升高(P＜0.05);NP组和NS组各时点机械痛阈和小胶质细胞计数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与NP组和NS组比较,M组T3时机械痛阈升高,小胶质细胞计数降低(P＜0.05).结论 中脑导水管周围灰质小胶质细胞的活化参与了大鼠神经病理性痛中的形成与维持.     

沈阳男性髋部骨折多于女性原因探讨

为找出沈阳地区髋部骨折发生男性多于女性的原因，探索该病在不发达国家或地区的流行特点，我们再次通过查阅病例记录，对沈阳市１９９４年５０岁以上人口的部分髋部骨折病发生的原因进行了较详细的调查分析。共调查分析２６６髋部骨折病例，其中男１６３例，女１０３例。损伤原因记为单纯摔倒（滑倒或绊倒）、骑自行车摔倒、自行车撞倒、机动车事故和高位跌下（滚楼梯或从较高位置掉下）。结果表明：男女在髋部骨折伤因构成上有差别（Ｐ＝０．００４）。女性髋部骨折的大多数（７０％）是由单纯摔倒引起，而在男性则不足一半（４９％），即男性髋部骨折的一半以上不是由于单纯摔倒而是由各种意外事故造成的（Ｐ＝０．０００８）。在各种意外事故中，男性骑自行车摔倒引起骨折的频率（２８％）明显高于女性（１０％）。除了骑自行车摔倒外，男性由自行车撞倒和高位跌下引起骨折的频率稍高于女性，但无太大差别。机动车事故造成骨折的频率男女基本一致。此结果在一定的程度上说明，１９９４年沈阳５０岁以上的男性髋部骨折发病率高是由于男性发生的各种意外事故多，尤其是骑自行车引起的事故造成的。     

脊髓胶质细胞在大鼠炎性痛形成中的作用

目的 评价脊髓胶质细胞在大鼠炎性痛形成中的作用.方法 清洁Ⅱ级成年雄性SD大鼠,体重180～220 g,取蛛网膜下腔置管成功的大鼠65只,随机分为5组(n=13),生理盐水组(NS组):右后肢踝关节外侧皮下注射NS 50μl;炎性痛组(IP组):采用右后肢踝关节外侧皮下注射完全弗氏佐剂50μl的方法制备炎性痛模型;氟代柠檬酸组(FC组):经蛛网膜下腔导管注射FC 1 nmol/10 μl,15 min后右后肢踝关节外侧皮下注射NS 50 μl;NS+IP组:经蛛网膜下腔导管注射NS 10 μl,15 min后制备炎性痛模型;FC+IP组:经蛛网膜下腔导管注射FC 1 nmol/10 μ,15 min后制备炎性痛模型.于模型制备前2 d(T_0)、皮下注射药物前(T_1)和注射药物后2、4、6、8、10、12、24、26 h(T_(2～9))时测定机械缩足阈值(MWT)和热缩足潜伏期(TWL).皮下注射药物后8 h时采用免疫组化法测定脊髓背角星形胶质细胞标记物(GFAP)和小胶质细胞标记物(OX-42)的表达水平.结果 与NS组比较,IP组和NS+IP组T_(3～9)时MWT和TWL降低,FC+IP组T_(3～9)时MWT降低,T_(8,9)时TWL降低,IP组、NS+EP组和FC+EP组脊髓GFAP和OX-42的表达水平均上调(P<0.05);与IP组比较,FC组T_(3～9)时MWT和TWL升高,FC+IP组T_(3～7)时MWT和TWL升高,2组脊髓GFAP和OX-42的表达水平均下调(P<0.05或0.01).结论 脊髓胶质细胞的活化参与了大鼠炎性痛的形成.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.