前驱体溶体pH值对溶胶凝胶制备钛酸铋薄膜的影响

采用溶胶凝胶技术在石英玻璃基片上制备钛酸铋薄膜，讨论了前驱体溶液的酸碱度（ｐＨ值）对薄膜结构和结晶性的影响。ｐＨ〈２和ｐＨ〉３．５的前驱体溶液所制备的薄膜在晶化过程中出现Ｂｉ２Ｔｉ２Ｏ７和Ｂｉ２Ｔｉ４Ｏ１１杂相。ｐＨ＝２．５￣３．５的前驱体溶液制备的薄膜是钙钛矿Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ２结构的取向薄膜。     

pH值对Bi_4Ti_3O_（12）溶胶水解特性的影响

报导了前驱体溶液的ｐＨ值对Ｂｉ－Ｔｉ溶液的水解特性的影响，并探讨了乙醇胺的催化作用机理。研究表明，乙醇胺可调节溶液的ｐＨ值，其机理是与ＨＡｃ反应，并与Ｂｉ＋离子生成稳定的络合物．前驱体溶液的ｐＨ值是决定溶胶、凝胶质量的主要因素．ｐＨ值较小时，溶液容易产生沉淀；ｐＨ值较大时，溶液中有大量的浑浊物；只有ｐＨ值在２．５～４之间的溶液才能形成均匀稳定的溶胶和凝胶     

低电阻率PTCR热敏陶瓷材料的研制

采用草酸盐和铵盐溶液法制备ＰＴＣＲ热敏陶瓷的前驱体（Ｂａ＿ｘＳｒ＿（１－ｘ））ＴｉＯ＿３和（Ｂａ＿ｙＰｂ＿（１－ｙ））ＴｉＯ＿３，加入半导化剂Ｓｂ＿２Ｏ＿３、或Ｎｂ＿２Ｏ＿５，以及ＡＳＴ剂（Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３、ＳｉＯ＿２和ＴｉＯ＿２）等，研制成功低电阻率（ρ≈１０Ω．ｃｍ）　的ＰＴＣＲ热敏陶瓷产品。     

CaO—BaO—SiO2—TiO2系统溶胶涂液的制备和凝胶化过程

采用溶胶－凝胶工艺制备０．１ＣａＯ－０．１ＢａＯ－ＸＳｉＯ２－（０．８－Ｘ）ＴｉＯ２和ＹＣａＯ－（０．３－Ｙ）ＢａＯ－０．３ＳｉＯ２－０．４ＴｉＯ２（Ｘ＝０～０．５,Ｙ＝０～０．３摩尔分数）两组四元系统浸涂液。根据粘度变化和凝胶时间研究了组成、水和醋酸加入量对溶胶涂液稳定性的影响,得出了配制稳定期长的浸涂液的配比。利用红外光谱和Ｘ－射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）探讨溶胶形成过程和凝胶向玻璃态转变过程中的结构变化。结果表明：溶液中ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ－取代醇盐中的ＯＲ基团分别与Ｓｉ４＋和Ｔｉ４＋配位,形成反应活性不同于原醇盐的新的前驱体醇盐;经５００°Ｃ热处理后凝胶的红外光谱中出现由Ｔｉ—Ｏ—Ｓｉ伸缩振动所引起的吸收带。ＸＲＤ谱证实６０°Ｃ干凝胶中有醋酸盐晶体,５００°Ｃ热处理后,这种晶体消失,凝胶中生成Ｂａ２ＴｉＯ４晶相。     

BaO—PbO—Bi_2O_3－Nd_2O_3－TiO_2系陶瓷的物相和电性能

研究ＢａＯ－ＰｂＯ－Ｂｉ２Ｏ３－Ｎｄ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＯ２五元系统在８００～１２００℃烧结中物相变化和电性能．ＸＲＤ测试数据：１０００℃时ＢａＴｉＯ３消失，主晶相为ＢａＴｉ４Ｏ９、Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２和Ｎｄ２Ｔｉ２Ｏ７，ＢａＮｄ２Ｔｉ５Ｏ１４开始出现，１１００℃到１１５０℃，Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２在ＸＲＤ图上消失，ＢａＴｉ４Ｏ９和Ｎｄ２Ｔｉ２Ｏ７含量逐渐减少，ＢａＮｄ２ＴｉＯ１４逐渐增加；１２００℃时，ＸＲＤ图谱全部为ＢａＮｄ２Ｔｉ５Ｏ１４，证明该系统的主晶相ＢａＮｄ２Ｔｉ５Ｏ１４是由Ｎｄ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＯ２对具有微波特性的ＢａＴｉ４Ｏ９改性而得：铅含量增加，主晶相的ａ、ｂ二晶轴缩短．调整各组分及玻璃的含量，获得ε＝９０±５、损耗ｔｇδ≤３×１０－４、绝缘电阻ρｖ≥１０１２Ωｃｍ、电容量温度系数αｃ＝０±１５×１０－６／℃、中温（１１５０℃）烧结的ＮＰＯＭＬＣ瓷料．     

Bi4Ti3O12铁电薄膜溶胶—凝胶法制备过程中Bi—Ti溶胶的匀胶规律研究

介绍了Ｓｏｌｇｅｌ法制备Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２薄膜的工艺过程,研究了ＢｉＴｉ溶胶在Ｓｉ基片上的匀胶规律;用ＴＧＤＴＡ和ＴＥＭ技术研究了ＢｉＴｉ干凝胶的形态,并成功地在Ｐｔ／Ｔｉ／Ｓｉ基片上制备了ｃ轴取向的Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２薄膜．     

衬底材料对Bi4Ti3O12薄膜取向度的影响

以正丁醇钛和硝酸铋为原料,用Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ技术分别在Ｐｔ／Ｔｉ／Ｓｉ、Ｓｉ、Ｙ－ＺｒＯＴｉＯ３（１００）和石英玻璃基片上生长出ｃ轴取向的Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２薄膜,研究了衬底材料表面结构对Ｂｉ４Ｔｉ３Ｏ１２薄膜取得度的影响,晶格失配能和Ｂｉ４ＴｉＯ１２晶体的晶面能决定了薄膜的取向程度。     

ZrO2—TiO2多孔陶瓷膜的制备研究

以Ｔｉ（ＯＣ４Ｈ９）４和Ｚｒ（ＮＯ３）．５Ｈ２Ｏ为前驱物，用Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ方法制备了ＺｒＯ２－ＴｉＯ２多孔陶瓷膜，研究了不同Ｚｒ／Ｔｉ比和浓度对ＺｒＯ２－ＴｉＯ２干ｇｅｌ的影响，研究了不同Ｚｒ／Ｔｉ比和烧结过程对ＺｒＯ２－ＴｉＯ３多孔陶瓷膜结构的影响，制备了孔径小（约１８ｎｍ）孔径分布很窄，孔隙率较高（约３６％）面积较大的ＺｒＯ２－ＴｉＯ２多孔陶瓷膜。     

ZrO_2－TiO_2多孔陶瓷膜的制备研究

以Ｔｉ（ＯＣ４Ｈ９）４和Ｚｒ（ＮＯ３）４·５Ｈ２Ｏ为前驱物，用Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ方法制备ＺｒＯ２－ＴｉＯ２多孔陶瓷膜，研究了不同Ｚｒ／Ｔｉ比和浓度对ＺｒＯ２－ＴｉＯ２干ｇｅｌ的影响．研究了不同Ｚｒ／Ｔｉ比和烧结过程对ＺｒＯ２－ＴｉＯ２多孔陶瓷膜结构的影响．制备出了孔径小（约１８ｎｍ）、孔径分布很窄、孔隙率较高（约３６％）、面积较大的ＺｒＯ２－ＴｉＯ２多孔陶瓷膜     

臭氧发生器用（Sr,Ca）TiO3陶瓷电极材料的研制

研究了掺杂成分ＢａＴｉＯ３,ＣａＳｉＴｉＯ５,ＴｉＯ２,ＺｎＯ,Ｂｉ２Ｏ３对臭氧发生器用（Ｓｒ,Ｃａ）ＴｉＯ３陶瓷电极材料的介电常数、正切损耗、击穿电压、电阻率等电性能的影响．结果表明,Ｂｉ２Ｏ３的影响最大．最适合的掺杂配方是：Ｂｉ２Ｏ３１．４０％,ＴｉＯ２０．３０％,ＣａＳｉＴｉＯ５０．３１％,ＢａＴｉＯ３０．５０％和ＺｎＯ０．５２％．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.