BiOCl/Bi_2WO_6复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

通过水热-溶剂热法制备了BiOCl/Bi_2WO_6复合材料。采用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis DRS等测试手段对复合光催化剂的结构、形貌和光学性质进行表征。通过光催化降解罗丹明B溶液对其光催化性能进行评价。结果表明:与纯Bi2WO6样品相比,BiOCl/Bi_2WO_6样品对罗丹明B的光催化降解能力显著增强,且复合光催化剂具有较高的稳定性,重复使用4次后,罗丹明B的降解率变化不明显,仍可达到97.8%。     

g-C_3N_4/BiVO_4复合光催化剂的制备与光催化性能研究

通过原位复合的方法制备不同配比的g-C3N4/BiVO4复合光催化剂,利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附对所制备的材料进行表征。并通过光催化降解有机染料罗丹明B对其光催化活性进行测试。结果表明,部分g-C3N4附着在BiVO4表面,g-C3N4/BiVO4复合光催化剂比纯的BiVO4光催化效果要好,并且确定了最佳复合比例,同时对复合光催化剂性能提高的机理进行了讨论。     

g-C_3N_4/BiVO_4复合光催化剂的制备与光催化性能研究

通过原位复合的方法制备不同配比的g-C3N4/BiVO4复合光催化剂,利用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附对所制备的材料进行表征。并通过光催化降解有机染料罗丹明B对其光催化活性进行测试。结果表明,部分g-C3N4附着在BiVO4表面,g-C3N4/BiVO4复合光催化剂比纯的BiVO4光催化效果要好,并且确定了最佳复合比例,同时对复合光催化剂性能提高的机理进行了讨论。     

溶剂对咪唑盐酸盐为反应物制备BiOCl微球形貌和光催化性能的影响

以硝酸铋和咪唑盐酸盐为原料,分别以水和无水乙醇为溶剂通过简单搅拌合成了BiOCl微球。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外—可见漫反射吸收光谱和比表面分析等手段对样品的晶型、形貌、光学性能等进行了考察。以罗丹明B为目标降解物考察了溶剂对BiOCl形貌和光催化性能的影响。结果表明,水中合成的BiOCl具有较好的结晶度和较高的光催化性能,120min内对罗丹明B的降解率为95%。乙醇中合成的BiOCl尽管具有较大的表面积,但降解罗丹明B的能力弱于水中合成的BiOCl,120min内对罗丹明B的降解率为87%。溶剂介电常数的不同可能是造成催化效果差异的原因。     

重构法制备BiOCl/ZnAl-LDHs可见光催化剂

采用重构法制备了BiOCl/ZnAl-LDHs复合光催化剂,利用XRD、BET进行了表征。探讨了Bi/Al摩尔比、pH对复合光催化剂结构和可见光催化性能的影响。结果表明,重构法可以制备出结构完整的BiOCl/ZnAl-LDHs催化剂,当pH=9,Bi/Al摩尔比为1/3条件下制备的BiOCl/ZnAl-LDHs催化剂可见光性能较好,对罗丹明B的降解率达92.3%。     

银对BiVO_4光催化性能的影响

采用溶剂热法制备单斜晶型BiVO4,研究银对BiVO4光催化活性的影响。BiVO4光催化降解罗丹明B的效率低,而Ag+的加入大大增强BiVO4光催化降解罗丹明B活性,归结于Ag+的存在抑制BiVO4光生电子-空穴的复合。XRD、TEM和EDS证实回收的BiVO4表面沉积金属银,形成Ag/BiVO4复合材料。Ag/BiVO4的光催化活性强于BiVO4。引入的银起到双重促进BiVO4光催化降解罗丹明B的作用。     

二维微孔碳-纳米TiO2/C3N4复合光催化剂用于增强吸附-光催化协同效应

碳基复合型光催化剂能够有效克服传统TiO2催化剂吸附能力差和可见光响应差的缺陷.设计并制备了二维微孔碳负载纳米TiO2/C3 N4三元复合型光催化剂,探究复合后催化剂物理结构和光电学性质的改进,并用于可见光催化降解对二甲苯和罗丹明B,降解率分别达96.5％和92.2％,其反应速率常数约为工业TiO2催化剂(P25)的7...     

新型可见光活性氧化钯/钒酸铋复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

通过浸渍法制备了新型可见光活性的氧化钯(PdO)/钒酸铋(BiVO4)复合光催化剂.采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)、紫外-可见吸收光谱等测试手段对复合光催化剂的物理和光学性质进行了表征.在可见光(λ＞400nm)照射下考察了PdO/BiVO4样品降解甲基橙的光催化性能.结果表明:PdO/BiVO4光催化剂为单斜相结构,晶粒形貌呈十字花或球形.XPS结果显示:复合光催化剂中掺杂的钯(Pd)元素是以PdO的形式存在的.与纯BiVO4样品相比,复合光催化剂可见光降解甲基橙的活性显著增强.这种新型复合光催化剂的光催化性能提高的原因可能是由于催化剂中光生载流子的高效分离造成的.     

TiO_2/BiVO_4复合光催化剂的微波辅助水热法合成及催化性能研究

以硝酸铋和偏钒酸铵为原料,采用微波-辅助水热法合成了BiVO4和TiO2/BiVO4复合光催化剂,借助XRD、UV-Vis和FE-SEM等测试手段对样品进行表征。XRD分析表明,所得BiVO4粉体为单斜晶系,且与TiO2复合后,特征衍射峰宽化,强度降低;FE-SEM显示,所得样品为具有多级结构的球状纳米结构体系;UV-Vis吸收光谱表明,BiVO4粉体和TiO2/BiVO4在400～600 nm的可见光区域对光响应。根据光吸收特性,选择罗丹明B为模型污染物,考察了样品可见光催化活性。结果表明,TiO2/BiVO4相比BiVO4,具有更高的可见光催化活性。     

ZnO/BiOCl复合材料的制备及其可见光催化性能研究

为提高BiOCl在可见光下的光催化性能,通过水解法合成了一系列复合ZnO的BiOCl样品,采用X射线粉末衍射仪、扫描电镜和紫外-可见分光光度仪对制得的催化剂的形貌、结构、物相组成以及光学性能进行了表征,通过降解罗丹明B对样品的光催化性能进行研究。结果表明,复合ZnO后可有效提高BiOCl的光催化活性,其中1Zn/20Bi的光催化活性最高,115 min内可见光降解罗丹明B的降解率达99%。通过研究机理发现,ZnO纳米异质结构不仅负责较高的可见光光催化活性,它在分离光产生的空穴和电子也起着至关重要的作用。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。