HACCP管理体系的原理分析及应用

引言 HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point)即危害分析和关键控制点体系,是一种预防性的食品安全控制体系,其宗旨是使潜在的食品问题不会出现。从本质上来说,HACCP是一个识别和监测可能导致食品危害的体系,这些危害可能是影响食品安全的生物的、化学的、物理的因素。这种危害分析是建立关键控制点(CCPs)的基础。CCPs识别那些在加工过程中必须控制以确保食品安全的点。而且,关键     

食品企业实施HACCP体系的关键

HACCP(危害分析与关键控制点)是食品制造产业确认危害、对危害进行评估及建立控制方法的系统,旨在确保食品安全卫生,可用于由食品原料至最后消费这一食物链的整个过程。目前,HACCP管理体系被世界上公认为是最经济、最有效的一种食品安全控制体系,已有许多国家和地区采纳并实施,将其作为保障食品安全和保护消费者健康的有效措施。笔者作为一名HACCP管理体系的审核人员,在近年来的审核过程中,可喜地看到很多企业在实际生产中认真执行了体系要求,使HACCP体系在控制食品的安全、卫生等方面的的确确发挥了作用,规范了企业生产行为,在加工…     

南京青奥会食品供应企业HACCP体系的建立

本文对在南京青奥会食品安全保障中实施HACCP体系进行探讨。依据与HACCP体系相关的国家标准,并根据南京青奥会食品供应企业的生产加工流程图和HACCP体系的基本原理,对液体乳、肉制品、糕点、饮料的加工过程中可能造成食品污染的各种危害因素进行系统分析,确定关键控制点,对危害因素进行控制,并对控制效果进行监控。     

简介ISO／WD22000《食品安全管理体系》

2002年3月,ISO/TC34出台了ISO/WD22000《食品安全管理体系(FSM)———要求》。该标准草案规定了运行和管理FSM体系的各项要求,提出FSM体系由以下要素组成:描述影响食品安全的所有因素和条件;确定相关危害的危害分析以及对危害进行控制的足够的措施;相关危害控制体系由一个CCP计划和SSM程序组成;根据该标准的程序和记录。将危害分析和关键控制点(HACCP)及其预备要求(支持性安全措施(SSM))相结合(二者是相互作用的),旨在补充食品法典委员会(CAC)HACCP实施指南,加强组织内部以及食品链各个环节之间的交流,以集中强调食品安全…     

HACCP法规一览

食品法典委员会(CAC)认为:HACCP(危险分析和关键控制点)体系是一个确定特定的危害(生物学危害、化学危害和物理性危害)并提供控制这些危害的预防措施的体系.该体系现在已被世界上相当大的一部分国家接受,并在食品加工企业特别是水产和肉禽加工企业中得到广泛应用.     

HACCP体系中如何有效导入食品防护计划

我们通常所说的HACCP体系是指组织通过对食品的形成过程进行危害分析找出关键控制点,制定科学合理的HACCP计划,并有效地运行以保证达到预期控制生物、物理和化学危害,也就是控制“food safety”所涉及的危害。     

HACCP体系监控、验证与官方监管

HACCP体系是对食品生产、加工、储存、运输以及销售整个过程中各种危害控制点进行分析和控制,从而保证食品达到安全水平,它以预防食品安全为基础的食品安全保证体系,是一个系统的、连续的食品安全危害预防和控制方法.HACCP体系的核心是用来保护食品在从田间到餐桌的整个过程中,免受可能发生的生物、化学、物理因素的危害,尽可能把发生食品安全的风险消灭在生产加工过程之中,区别于单纯靠事后检验来保证食品质量安全的传统做法.     

HACCP——食品行业安全卫生管理标准

一、背景 HACCP(危害分析和关键控制点)是由美国国家科学院建议的非传统的质量控制方法,是一种控制危害的预防性体系,它强调正确的监控和保持记录。HACCP的主要功效之一在于减少成品的破坏,而不是传统检验体系那样,要求对成品进行抽样和破坏检测。 早在六十年代初期,美国 Pillsbury公司在为太空项目提供食品期间,率先应用     

中国HACCP与食品安全

在食品生产企业内部建立更为严格的安全管理体系的呼声越来越高。1997年6月联合国食品法典委员会(FAO/CAC)发布了“HACCP体系及其应用指南”,使HACCP真正成为国际性的食品生产管理体系和标准。在美国和欧盟等发达国家,政府已经在食品行业中强制要求建立和实施HACCP体系并要求向其出口的食品企业也须满足相同的法规要求,HACCP已成为国际自由贸易的“绿色通行证”。特别是加入WTO以后HACCP与食品安全更是我们关注的焦点。HACCP(HazardAnalysisCriticalControlPoint)是危害分析和关键控制点的英文缩写,是用于对某一特定食品…     

什么是HACCP？

HACCP是英文“Hazard Analysic Critical Control Point”（即危害分析及关键控制点）的首字母缩写,是一个为国际认可的、保证食品免受生物性、化学性及物理性危害的预防体系。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。