轮胎胎面胶料共挤出过程的数值模拟

以某复合胎面胶料(TWR/FB)的共挤出过程为研究对象,利用Polyflow软件,采用Phan-Thien and Tanner(PTT)本构模型和Navier滑移模型对2种胶料熔体在口模内外的流动进行了三维数值模拟,并将模拟得到的挤出断面和试验挤出断面进行了对比分析。同时分析了牵引速度和预口型板的收敛角对共挤出的影响,结果表明,牵引速度对胶料离开口模后的形状和面积胀大比的影响显著,但对胶料在口模内部的流动状态影响不大;适当地增加预口型板收敛角可以增强胶料在口模内的流动性,提高挤出制品的质量。     

聚合物在等温圆管口模中流动的数值模拟

以挤出圆管为研究对象,采用PTT粘弹本构模型和通用的有限元POLYFLOW软件,对塑料熔体在不同挤出口模内的二维粘弹性等温流动进行了数值模拟。通过数值模拟得出了CPU时间、压力和离模膨胀比等结果。研究表明,过渡段的设计会对挤出压力产生明显的影响,但对离模膨胀比没有影响,用三次插值多项式表征的流线型口模具有较小的挤出压力。     

塑料微管气辅挤出中内气垫层气体的影响

塑料微管尺寸极小,挤出时熔体离开口模时仍为熔融态,内气垫层气体离开口模后仍在微管腔内流动,会对微管成型产生影响。为此,建立了考虑塑料微管腔内气体流动的双气垫层气辅挤出模型,重点分析内气垫层气体离开口模后的流动对微管成型的影响。通过对管壁内外双层气垫层作用下微管挤出成型过程的有限元数值模拟和实验研究,得到了微管型貌、速度、压力降和第一法向应力差等分布。分析表明,当气体离开口模后,由于外气垫层气体离开口模后进入空气中瞬间减压,而内气垫层气体离开口模后进入微管腔内,仍有一定压力,致使微管管壁内侧气压较外侧气压更大,从而导致微管直径逐渐增大;熔体在口模出口处及出口模后,均有第一法向应力差的产生,分析表明,这与微管形貌、壁厚、流速及压力降等的变化存在较大的关联。考虑了微管腔内气体流动的几何模型更符合实验中当气体压力较大时微管壁面出现凹凸波纹现象,口模出口处微管管壁迅速变薄及口模外部微管管壁逐渐变薄的现象。     

汽车橡胶密封条挤出口模结构分析及其实验验证

首先通过分析橡胶材料流变实验数据,确定采用Bird-Carreau本构模型;然后应用Polyflow软件对某实际EPDM橡胶密封条产品挤出过程中挤出口模流道结构对挤出的影响进行了有限元分析。结果表明,口模流道某些部位(如窄缝区域)进行适当的加宽有利于使挤出速度及熔体压力分布更均匀,挤出产品形状和实际形状更接近。     

聚合物熔体的非等温平板收缩流动的数值模拟

用有限元法模拟了Carreau流体在4：1平板收缩口模中的非等温挤出流动，采用3节点的三角形单元对速度、压力和温度进行等阶插值，运用特殊的罚函数处理流体的不可压缩条件，解决了压力场的数值振荡问题，并用改进的Newton迭代法对非线性方程进行求解，成功地计算了Carreau流体在平板收缩流动中的速度、压力、粘度以及应力的分布，同时得到温度场的分布，计算的应力分布与实验的结果及Renardy的分析结构相符。     

叶片挤出机熔体压力响应及挤出特性EI北大核心CSCD

利用自行研制的叶片挤出机实验研究了工艺参数对熔体压力及挤出产量的影响,分析了叶片挤出机的挤出特性、成型加工过程中熔体压力的动态特性及响应。结果表明,在叶片挤出机中熔体压力随时间周期性脉动变化,实现了脉动压力诱导的挤出成型过程;熔体压力的脉动频率为转子轴角频率的4倍;脉动幅值随转子轴转速的增加而增加,沿挤出方向逐渐减小,口模压力对脉动幅值的影响较小。与常规单螺杆挤出机相比,叶片挤出机具有正位移输送特性,口模压力、物料特性等对产量的影响小,设备挤出特性"硬"。     

聚合物熔体振动挤出成型技术的研究进展

介绍了各种聚合物熔体振动挤出成型技术,包括机械振动、电磁振动和超声振动,对实现振动的装置或口模进行了简要介绍,利用这些振动设备对聚合物熔体振动挤出技术进行研究,发现振动挤出可使聚合物熔体加工流变性能和力学性能都得到一定程度的改善,凝聚态结构也发生了一些变化。     

气体流量对管材气辅挤出的影响

将气体简化为广义牛顿流体,并作为单独的内外两层,针对管材型气辅挤出口模,建立了二维有限元模型,并进行了数值模拟,研究了气体流量对口模出口处剪切速率、熔体速度及口模流道中心处熔体压力的影响。研究表明,当气体流入口模流道内,聚合物熔体在口模出口处厚度为-0.85~0.85 mm剪切速率为零,为促使聚合物熔体既满足表面质量不因剪切速率不均引起表面质量缺陷,又满足在厚度方向的尺寸要求(即2 mm),故需将聚合物熔体与气体相汇处的流道沿厚度方向扩大0.3 mm;同时也为了进一步降低因速度梯度大而引起的表面质量缺陷,文中进气体流量为2.512×10-3m/s最佳。因此,当气体作为一种辅助工艺引入到聚合物挤出成型当中,需在两相流相汇处流道沿厚度方向预留足够的空间(本文是预留制品厚度的20%的尺寸)以满足制品的尺寸及表面质量要求。     

复合共挤成型中挤出胀大的三维粘弹数值模拟

采用Phan-Thien and Tanner(PTT)本构方程,建立了矩形截面共挤口模内外两种聚合物熔体流动的三维粘弹数值模型,有限元模拟了聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯(PP/PS)共挤过程中的挤出胀大现象,并用实验验证了模拟结果。研究表明:当入口体积流量相同时,两熔体挤出口模后会朝向黏度较高的PS熔体一侧偏转,型材截面呈非对称畸变。两熔体在垂直挤出方向上的速度分布导致了挤出胀大过程中熔体的偏转流动,而口模出口处的剪切速率分布基本决定了共挤型材截面的形状。实验结果与模拟结果基本相符,模拟所得挤出胀大率比实际值大8.6%。等温假设是影响共挤出胀大数值模拟准确度的主要因素。     

气辅挤出口模中滑移段长度对压力降和第一法向应力差的影响

采用壁面滑移方程和EVSS/SUPG混合有限元方法,使用PTT流变学基本方程,对粘弹性高分子熔体在不同气体辅助挤出口模内的流动进行了数值模拟研究。考察了口模滑移段长度对压力降和第一法向应力差的影响。研究表明,气辅挤出可以有效减小压力降,并将应力集中的位置由口模出口处转移到气体的注入点。且随着滑移段长度增大,压力降和应力集中的程度得到减小;熔体在100%完全滑移段口模中流动时无流动阻力、压力降和应力集中现象,是一种理想流动状态。     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.