气体辅助对聚合物异型材多层共挤成型的影响

在等温理论模型得到实验验证的基础上,运用有限元方法对i形多层共挤口模进行了三维非等温粘弹数值模拟研究,对比分析了传统共挤和气辅共挤成型时口模内的流场和口模外离模膨胀及界面形状的异同。研究结果表明,熔体流率的变化对传统共挤和气辅共挤成型过程中壳层和芯层的离模膨胀现象均有较大影响,但对异型材整体离模膨胀现象影响不明显;气辅共挤不仅能有效减小甚至消除传统共挤过程中的离模膨胀现象,而且具有显著的节能效果;共挤口模出口处剪切速率和二次流动最大值处即为制品变形最严重处。     

气体辅助对聚合物异型材多层共挤成型的影响EI北大核心CSCD

在等温理论模型得到实验验证的基础上,运用有限元方法对i形多层共挤口模进行了三维非等温粘弹数值模拟研究,对比分析了传统共挤和气辅共挤成型时口模内的流场和口模外离模膨胀及界面形状的异同。研究结果表明,熔体流率的变化对传统共挤和气辅共挤成型过程中壳层和芯层的离模膨胀现象均有较大影响,但对异型材整体离模膨胀现象影响不明显;气辅共挤不仅能有效减小甚至消除传统共挤过程中的离模膨胀现象,而且具有显著的节能效果;共挤口模出口处剪切速率和二次流动最大值处即为制品变形最严重处。     

气辅挤出胀大比与滑移段长度的关系

采用参数渐变法和Thompson变换,对粘弹性高分子熔体在不同气体辅助挤出口模内的流动进行了数值模拟研究。考察了体积流量、松弛时间和滑移段长度对挤出物挤出胀大比的影响。研究表明,熔体在滑移段的停留时间与材料松弛时间之比与挤出胀大比之间存在指数衰减关系,其实质是熔体在滑移段处于形变衰减过程。理论分析与数值模拟具有高度的一致性,表明该方程可用于指导气辅口模设计。     

轮胎胎面胶料共挤出过程的数值模拟

以某复合胎面胶料(TWR/FB)的共挤出过程为研究对象,利用Polyflow软件,采用Phan-Thien and Tanner(PTT)本构模型和Navier滑移模型对2种胶料熔体在口模内外的流动进行了三维数值模拟,并将模拟得到的挤出断面和试验挤出断面进行了对比分析。同时分析了牵引速度和预口型板的收敛角对共挤出的影响,结果表明,牵引速度对胶料离开口模后的形状和面积胀大比的影响显著,但对胶料在口模内部的流动状态影响不大;适当地增加预口型板收敛角可以增强胶料在口模内的流动性,提高挤出制品的质量。     

三叶形喷丝孔干法纺丝挤出膨胀过程的模拟

建立三叶形喷丝孔的三维挤出膨胀模型,对聚酰胺酸(PAA)/二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)体系纺丝液的挤出膨胀过程做了模拟分析。研究结果表明,纺丝液从三叶形口模挤出后呈非均匀膨胀,单叶的长轴和短轴膨胀比不同;提高牵伸比后丝条明显细化,但截面异形度变化不大;改善喷丝孔壁面条件可以使纺丝液挤出时的速度趋于平均并能有效减小膨胀比,挤出物的截面形状也更加接近喷丝孔。     

振动场作用下聚合物熔体在异型材挤出口模内的充填流动分析

利用ANSYS软件对受口模入口处周期性振动的压力驱动的非牛顿幂律聚合物熔体在“L”形异型材挤出口模内的充填流动进行了三维等温数值模拟,求得了压力和速度随时间和沿路径的变化曲线,并因此总结出了振动参数对充填流动的影响规律.结果表明,速度和压力的振动均沿挤出方向逐渐衰减,入口压力的低频高幅振动有利于充填过程的稳定.     

聚合物多层气辅共挤精密成型机制的数值分析

基于传统共挤成型技术,提出一种先进的气辅多层共挤精密成型技术。研究表明,气辅共挤成型技术不仅可实现挤出制品尺寸的精确自动控制,而且还起到明显的节能降耗的效果。通过建立的稳态有限元数值算法,对传统共挤成型和气辅共挤成型的成型过程和离模膨胀过程进行了系统的对比分析研究,并探讨了气辅共挤成型消除整体离模膨胀的机制。结果表明,多层共挤成型芯壳层熔体的离模膨胀是由黏弹性熔体的二次流动引起,主要取决于芯壳层熔体二次流动的方向与强度。熔体二次流动的方向与第二法向应力差的正负号有关,而熔体二次流动的强度则与第二法向应力差大小成正比。气辅共挤成型的气辅口模段可通过气垫膜层的壁面完全滑移作用,有效减小或消除芯壳层熔体的第一和第二法向应力差,使其二次流动消失,从而达到消除口模整体离模膨胀的目的。因此,气辅多层共挤精密成型技术能精确地控制共挤成型的复合产品最终外形和尺寸与挤出口模的形状和尺寸完全相同。此外,研究结果还表明气辅共挤成型的挤出压力相对传统共挤成型可降低约30%以上。     

复合共挤成型中挤出胀大的三维粘弹数值模拟

采用Phan-Thien and Tanner(PTT)本构方程,建立了矩形截面共挤口模内外两种聚合物熔体流动的三维粘弹数值模型,有限元模拟了聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯(PP/PS)共挤过程中的挤出胀大现象,并用实验验证了模拟结果。研究表明:当入口体积流量相同时,两熔体挤出口模后会朝向黏度较高的PS熔体一侧偏转,型材截面呈非对称畸变。两熔体在垂直挤出方向上的速度分布导致了挤出胀大过程中熔体的偏转流动,而口模出口处的剪切速率分布基本决定了共挤型材截面的形状。实验结果与模拟结果基本相符,模拟所得挤出胀大率比实际值大8.6%。等温假设是影响共挤出胀大数值模拟准确度的主要因素。     

塑料异型材气辅挤出成型实验

以T型异型材为例,设计加工气辅口模并完成了整个气辅挤出实验装置的装配与调试。利用建立的实验装置对气辅挤出过程中气体压力、气阀和螺杆开启顺序对顺利实现气辅挤出的影响,以及气辅对口模压降、挤出胀大、挤出物表面质量和挤出流率的影响等进行了研究,并将研究结果和传统挤出实验研究及数值模拟进行了对比分析。研究表明,气压过低难以形成稳定的气辅挤出,气压过高则挤出物表面质量差;先开启气阀,再启动螺杆时易形成气辅挤出,反之则不然;气辅挤出可基本消除挤出胀大,减小挤出口模压降,改善挤出物表面质量并提高挤出流率。     

气辅共挤出界面位置对挤出胀大的影响

基于聚合物流变学理论,运用有限元方法,建立了半圆形共挤口模成型的理论模型,并对理论模型进行了数值模拟,研究了口模入口端熔体层间界面位置及熔体入口流率对共挤出胀大和熔体层间界面位置的影响。研究表明,气辅共挤过程中,当两熔体流率相等时,使得两熔体入口面积近似相等的r值(共挤口模入口处界面位置)能将熔体的离模膨胀率降为零值,同时保证熔体层间界面位置稳定;当两熔体流率不等时,熔体离模膨胀率随着自身流率的增大而增大,随着另一熔体流率的增大而减小,界面位置则向流率较低的一侧偏移。     

聚合物气辅共挤成型中挤出胀大的数值模拟

以一矩形截面共挤型材为例,采用Giesekus本构方程和Navier滑移模型建立数值模型,使用EVSS、SU等有限元方法对气辅共挤和传统共挤时两种聚合物熔体在口模内外的等温粘弹流动做了三维数值模拟,得到了气辅共挤和传统共挤时的挤出胀大率、速度场、应力场及剪切速率分布。对模拟结果进行了分析和对比,结果表明,气辅共挤能消除挤出胀大和模外熔体偏转流动现象;气辅共挤时两相熔体的速度场均匀一致,熔体流动稳定,呈柱塞状挤出;熔体表面的切向和法向应力为零,因而可有效提高挤出速率,并防止制品表面"鲨鱼皮"现象的出现。     

Die swell behavior of liquid crystalline mesophase pitch

Die swell of a spinnable mesophase pitch was explored using a fiber spinning apparatus with varied capillary geometries and processing conditions. It was found that the die swell decreased with increased shear rate and increased with a rise of temperature. A nearly constant die swell value can be reached as shear rate gets high enough for different temperatures, and it decreased with increased die angles, but maintained unchanged for capillaries with different length-to-diameter ratios. For orifice die, the die swell ratios were found to be affected little by the extrusion rate and the temperatures. The texture examination of the extrudates from orifice die and dies with capillaries shows that the extensional flow produces high molecular orientation, and the shear flow-induced tumbling might store elastic energy that will be recovered at the die exit.     

Elastic behaviour of polyvinyl chloride melts

A study has been made of the elastic behaviour of Polyvinylchloride commercial samples at high shear stresses, under similar conditions to those used in the processing industry, by means of an extrusion capillary rheometer.The influence in the die swell of variables as molecular weight, temperature and shear rate has been studied. Results are in agreement with general literature data.Smooth extrudates are obtained only in the zone of intermediate shear rates. In this zone it is observed that the die swell increases with shear rate.     

聚合物熔体复合挤出胀大过程的数值模拟及可恢复弹性形变分析

建立了两种聚合物熔体流经矩形流道共挤出的三维数值计算模型,采用有限元方法数值模拟了共挤出成型过程及胀大过程,得到了速度场、压力场、应力场,并利用数值计算方法得到了共挤出流动过程的可恢复弹性形变场,分析了挤出胀大率以及可恢复弹性形变的变化过程。结果表明,在共挤出流动的胀大段,共挤出界面的形状和位置发生了改变;经矩形流道共挤出得到的挤出胀大末端截面形状为不对称的鼓形;在共挤出界面附近可恢复弹性形变值存在极值,运用数值方法计算可恢复弹性形变可以对流动过程中可能存在的缺陷进行预测。     

Hydrostatic extrusion behaviour of high density polyethylene

The solid state processing of a high density polyethylene by hydrostatic extrusion at room temperature has been investigated. The extrusion pressure for a given extrusion ratio is found to depend on the pressure fluid used, the die angle and the velocity of extrusion. The strain hardening behaviour of the resulting extrudates is found to be independent of the extrusion ratio. An effective flow stress equation which accounts for the dependence of the flow stress of high density polyethylene on strain, strain rate and hydrostatic pressure is developed and used in an analysis of the extrusion process based on the upper bound approach. The calculated values of the extrusion pressure as a function of the various extrusion variables are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results.     

高分子材料的挤出胀大和熔体破裂

挤出胀大和熔体破裂不仅是高分子流变学研究的热点,而且对工业生产有重要的指导作用.文中回顾了近五年来在挤出胀大和熔体破裂方面的研究进展,并简要介绍了国内外降低或消除挤出胀大和熔体破裂的主要方法.     

连续挤压铜扁排的阻流角设计及物理场分布

基于Deform-3D平台,建立了Conform连续挤压生产大宽厚比铜扁排有限元模型,研究了连续挤压过程中阻流角变化对模具出口处金属流动及相应应力场分布的影响规律,并结合方差分析法获得了模具出口处的流速均方差,观察模具阻流角对扁排成型的影响.研究表明:模具阻流角从3°~15°变化时,随着阻流角的增加,金属流速均方差先增大后减小,其阻流角区域等效应力值以及模具入口处沿挤压方向应力也逐渐增加;在定径带长度一定以及模具载荷允许的情况下,选择3°、5°、15°的阻流角可使模具出口处金属流速相对稳定,扁排成形性较好;当模具容易损坏时,选择3°和5°阻流角既可降低模具载荷又可获得板形均匀的扁排.     

Optical measurement and modelling of parison sag and swell in blow moulding

Blow moulding is a process whereby a cylindrical parison is extruded first, then pinched between the two halves of a mould and, finally, blown into the product. Parison size and shape result from complex interactions between mandrel and die geometries, processing parameters and viscoelastic properties of the polymeric material. Moreover, parison size changes with time due to sag. An innovative, contactless and online measurement technique of the parison is shown to be an effective tool to measure precisely parison diameter and thickness and to capture dimensional changes with time. This technique employs laser lighting of the parison and hinges on the refractive properties of molten polymer. Images taken with a digital camera are processed to give a precise measurement of diameter and thickness, at different time step during extrusion. Thus, parison swell and sag have been recorded for a commercial HDPE. Influence of processing parameters such as the rotational screw speed or die gap width can be brought forward. From the measurements, thickness swell is found to possess a different behaviour from diameter swell. Moreover, sag has been measured and can be modelled from a Newtonian perspective using one dimensional convected coordinates. Parison sag is shown to be governed by two parameters: an extrusion velocity and a a single coefficient of sagging susceptibility which value has been deduced from experiments.     

扁形钛铜复合棒挤压模具设计与应用

对长宽比较大的扁形截面钛铜复合棒的挤压模具进行了设计研究。通过合理选材,并选择使挤压力最小的模具模腔轮廓曲线和半模角,改变模孔工作带的几何形状与尺寸,选择适当的挤压速度等,优化设计制备出扁形钛铜复合棒专用挤压模具。增加工作带长度可以增大摩擦阻力,使向该处流动的供应体的流动静压力增大,迫使金属向阻力小的方向流动,从而使型材整个断面上金属流量更加均匀。挤压实验结果表明,合理的模具设计对挤压材的挤压过程和挤压制品质量有重要影响,锥形模具更适合于扁形钛铜复合棒的挤压。解决了科研生产实际对大的长宽比扁型钛铜复合棒的需求。     

Melt-state shear flow and elasticity of a thermoplastic fluorosulphonated—PTFE copolymer

Some rheological properties of a perfluorosulphonated PTFE copolymer have been measured in order to characterise the melt-state viscous and elastic behaviour of a thermoplastic precursor of Nafion®, an ion-selective membrane used in the electrochemical industry. Steady-state shear viscosity measurements show conventional pseudoplastic flow behaviour over a wide temperature range, under high shear conditions. These data have been modelled to a high level of accuracy using polynomial simulations to obtain Carreau model coefficients and flow activation energies. Using an orifice die in a capillary rheometer, calculated extensional viscosity data are shown to decrease with stress and are more temperature-sensitive than shear viscosity. Although die swell increases with shear rate in a conventional manner, unusual and complex die swell data (at a fixed shear stress) have been obtained in response to an increase in process temperature. This behaviour is attributed to the breakdown of a small-scale network of domains and ordered crystalline material in the amorphous matrix of the precursor, as exemplified by a very broad melting endotherm. Different modes of deformation have been proposed to explain the rheological data observed across the process temperature range. The observed changes to the flow mechanism and elastic character of the melt carry practical implications for the extrusion processes and developed microstructure of film products manufactured from this precursor copolymer.