一种计算迎风面密度的优化算法

提出了一种基于最小外接矩形的计算迎风面密度的优化算法.该算法的核心问题是如何高效地求解建筑物沿着某一风向的投影面宽度(迎风面宽度).具体解决方案为:将不规则建筑物水平轮廓根据风向角度进行一定角度的旋转操作,使得旋转后建筑物水平轮廓的最小外接矩形的宽即为建筑物水平轮廓未旋转时的迎风面宽度.由于最小外接矩形及其旋转操作在当前很多图形系统软件中一般都有接口支持且运行效率非常高,用户也可以直接调用相关接口进行二次开发.因此,本方法具有较高的运行效率和应用便利性.     

不同形状植物成熟果实的识别提取方法

提出一种自然场景下对不同形状植物果实图像进行识别提取的方法.采用RGB色差模型及Ostu自适应阈值分割进行图像二值化.应用数学形态学方法对二值图像进行预处理获取植物果实轮廓.采用果实质心、最小凸边形方法对目标进行特征提取.实验表明,除对类圆果实识别较好外,对不规则果实识别效果更佳,其最小凸边形提取比外接矩形及类圆提取方法更接近真实图像,具有一定的通用性.     

基于激光三维成像数据的车辆目标方位估计

对目标方位进行精确估计是提高目标匹配识别效率的重要前提,而车辆目标的地面投影轮廓近似于矩形,为此提出了基于激光三维成像数据的车辆目标方位估计方法.首先依据激光成像数据的高程值对数据进行分类,从激光成像区域的三维数据中提取出车辆目标数据进而获取目标的投影轮廓数据,然后采用向量积异号排除法求解车辆目标投影轮廓数据的凸边界,在此基础上采用直接求解凸边界最小外接矩形的方法对车辆目标的方位进行初步估计,最后利用与目标投影轮廓数据邻近的地面数据,并依据最小二乘原理拟合优化凸边界的最小外接矩形,校正车辆目标初始估计方位,从而实现车辆目标方位的精确估计.仿真结果表明,该方法可实现车辆目标方位的快速准确估计.     

一种基于轮廓查找的作物定位点提取算法研究

针对垂直投影法在作物行中心线检测时存在误差大的问题,提出一种新的基于轮廓查找的作物定位点提取算法。首先对农田图像预处理得到的灰度图像,通过垂直投影变换得到中心作物行所在列,然后对灰度图像进行条形分割,在每个条形图中寻找作物轮廓,保留与中心列最接近的轮廓并将该轮廓转换为矩形区域,矩形重心即为定位点。最后运用最小二乘法拟合定位点。仿真结果表明该算法较垂直投影法准确率高。     

基于轮廓查找的作物定位点提取算法

针对垂直投影法在作物行中心线检测时存在误差大的问题,提出一种新的基于轮廓查找的作物定位点提取算法。首先对农田图像预处理得到的灰度图像,通过垂直投影变换得到中心作物行所在列,然后对灰度图像进行条形分割,在每个条形图中寻找作物轮廓,保留与中心列最接近的轮廓并将该轮廓转换为矩形区域,矩形重心即为定位点。最后运用最小二乘法拟合定位点。仿真结果表明该算法较垂直投影法准确率高。     

基于主动轮廓技术的植物叶图像提取方法

叶是植物的重要特征信息,叶片图像提取是植物器官建模和生鲜植物识别的关键步骤。在植物自动识别和叶建模领域具有重要价值。笔者提出了一种基于主动轮廓技术和细胞神经网络的叶图像提取方法,实践表明基于细胞神经网络的可变模板技术实现了对植物叶片轮廓的灵活控制,同时结合了隐含模型和参数模型的特征,提高了提取的精度和鲁棒性。提取结果表明,采用该算法可以有效提取叶脉络。     

结合分割逼近和粒子群法的燃气轮机叶片轮廓度误差计算

阐述了燃气轮机叶片复杂曲面轮廓度误差计算的关键问题,采用非均匀有理B样条曲面描述了燃气轮机叶片,定义了燃气轮机叶片复杂曲面轮廓度误差并建立了相应的数学模型.采用分割逼近法计算测点到曲面的最小距离,以提高数据处理速度;结合粒子群和分割逼近法,通过六维坐标变换迭代,使叶片的理论模型计算与实际轮廓测试达到最佳匹配,最终获得燃气轮机叶片轮廓度误差.结合分割逼近和粒子群法来计算燃气轮机叶片轮廓度误差,理论上可以收敛于全局最优解,符合最小区域法的评定标准.该算法易于计算机实现,非常适用于三坐标测量仪.     

基于车辆轮廓定位匹配的车型识别方法

采用背景减法提取运动车辆目标的轮廓,用外接矩形对目标轮廓进行定位,选取轿车、客车和货车3种车型的侧面轮廓作为标准样本,分别计算待识别车辆的侧面轮廓与3种标准样本的匹配程度系数,保留系数较小的两类标准样本,然后采用Hausdorff距离算法计算待识别车辆轮廓与剩余两类样本之间的匹配程度,认定Hausdorff距离较小的两者具有相同的车型.实验结果表明,该方法准确、有效且实时性较好,在高速公路收费站、自动收费停车场等场合具有较大的实用价值.     

基于轮廓特征点凹性分析的遮挡车辆分割算法

在智能交通系统的拍摄场景中,由于车辆间距过近和摄像角度原因,引起车辆遮挡的现象,增加了目标车辆检测和跟踪的难度。根据轮廓特征点,结合轮廓凹凸性,提出一种凹陷区域检测与分割算法。首先采用背景差分法提取车辆区域,根据车辆区域外接矩形的长宽比和占空比判断是否是多车遮挡,同时通过凸包分析算法提取遮挡凹陷区域;然后通过Freeman链码确定凹陷区域的轮廓特征点,对特征点进行凹性分析;最后匹配分割点,采用Bresenham直线生成法分割遮挡车辆。实验结果表明,该算法有效解决遮挡车辆分割不准确问题,与其他算法相比,具有较好的场景适应性。     

基于图像处理和轮廓特征点检测的植物叶片几何建模

提出了一种植物叶片轮廓的几何建模方法,对植物叶片的数字图像进行二值化和边缘提取．通过边缘扫描算法,将叶片图像的边缘数据按照像素点原有的拓扑关系生成坐标链表．以坐标链表检测到的轮廓特征点进行三次样条曲线插值,建立植物叶片的几何模型．实验结果表明,该方法较好地保持了植物叶片原有的轮廓特征,并具有数据获取简便、数据量少和几何模型简单的优点．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.