沿岸流的模型实验和数值模拟研究(英文)

研究了两个缓坡海岸（坡度为1：100和1：40）上沿岸流、波高及波浪增减水的模型实验方法和数值模拟方法,给出了沿岸流速度、波高和波浪增减水沿海岸剖面的分布,并且对沿岸流的实验模型方法进行了讨论。给出了沿岸流的数值模拟方法和结果,与实验结果进行了比较。     

基于大涡模拟的开孔潜体流噪声数值模拟

基于大涡模拟（LES）方法和Lighthill声学类比方法,对一倒T型开孔进行流场及流激噪声进行数值模拟,计算所得结果与公开发表文献上的数值及实验结果吻合良好,验证了基于LES的流噪声数值模拟方法的可行性.在此基础上,对某三维开孔潜体（原型）及其改型进行了流噪声数值模拟,对潜体内腔流场及其噪声辐射结果进行分析,从数值模拟的角度验证了改型潜体在阻力和噪声性能上都要优于原型潜体.
     

曲线坐标下波浪抛物型缓坡方程及近岸流数值模型研究

建立了曲线坐标系下的波浪抛物型缓坡方程及近岸流数值模型,对不规则岸线地形下的波浪传播变形及近岸流运动进行了数值模拟研究.首先基于曲线化抛物型缓坡方程建立了正交曲线坐标系下的近岸波浪传播数值模型;然后通过正交曲线变换建立了正交曲线坐标系下的近岸流数值模型;进而基于波浪辐射应力的概念,耦合上述数值模型,对Gourlay模型实验和Hamm模型实验中不规则岸线地形条件下的波浪传播变形及近岸流运动进行了数值模拟研究,并结合实测资料对数值模拟结果进行了验证分析;最后基于上述耦合数值模型对美国San Francisco海湾的Ocean Beach海岸波浪斜向入射所产生的波浪场及波浪破碎所形成的近岸流进行了数值模拟研究.对比分析表明,本文数值结果与实验结果或其它学者所得数值结果基本一致,从而验证了本文数值模型的有效性.     

闸孔出流水气二相流三维数值模拟

采用k～ε双方程紊流模型和vOF方法追踪自由表面,对闸下出流进行了水气二相流三维数值模拟,计算结果和实验结果吻合良好,表明用此方法对闸下出流进行数值模拟是可行的.     

基于Fluent的复杂流场飞机空气混合器分析

介绍了用于计算飞机空气混合器内部流场和温度场数学模型和Fluent仿真的建模方法,并进行数值仿真。在数值仿真的基础上．分析了混合器内部扰流元件——扰流圆环对混合器内流体混合作用的方式,同时分析了混合器内部结构扰流圆环的结构尺寸对混合器混合能力的影响,得到了扰流环结构参数与混合能力的关系曲线,为进一步合理设计混合器提供了依据。     

深水造流系统的垂向剖面流预报与流场特性分析

采用CFD方法通过求解N-S方程和k-ω湍流模型对深水造流系统进行了时域数值模拟.为了研究深水试验池内垂向剖面流的分布,揭示海洋深水造流系统的流场特性,建立了造流系统的三维数值模型.采用多块结构化网格对计算区域进行离散.廊道与深水池之间生成非匹配的网格,并通过交界面的方式连接.同时对深水试验区域进行实测试验.对比分析表明,计算值与实测值吻合较好,利用CFD方法模拟造流系统是可行的;试验区域水流均匀,基本不存在横向速度,垂向剖面流满足试验要求,该造流系统性能良好.对整流器、进出水廊道、导流隔墙等周围的流场分布进行了数值预报,为今后进一步研究深水造流系统的流场特性、有效控制水池内的流速、提高造流系统的效率和有流工况下模型试验的精确度提供了参考.     

不规则柱体绕流的数值研究

为研究不规则柱体绕流的流体力学特性,介绍了国内外柱体绕流研究的相关进展与研究方法,然后运用数值模拟软件STAR-CCM+建立了4个二维模型,并在雷诺数Re=8×10~5和3.6×10~6两种情况下进行了数值模拟。通过对比普通圆柱体绕流和改变截面形状后的柱体的绕流效果,发现不规则柱体对绕流产生了一定的影响,能够延缓尾涡的脱落,效果显著。     

两种不同结构形式的折流板对管壳式换热器的影响因素分析

管壳式换热器由于其结构简单、强度可靠、技术成熟、耐高温高压,所以是目前换热器的主要结构形式,被广泛应用于石油化工、轻工制药、航空等许多行业。传热强化一直是管壳式换热器的研究热点,而折流板的结构对壳程的传热特性尤为重要。首先采用流体仿真软件Fluent对弓形折流板和盘环折流板的流场和流阻进行了数值模拟,模拟结果表明壳程采用盘环折流板比弓形折流板传热效果好,但对应的流阻比弓形折流板的要高,产生的压力损失比弓形折流板的大。其次通过实验验证了弓形折流板和盘环折流板对流体传热和压力损失的影响,实验结果和数值模拟结果一致,证明了数值模拟的准确性,可为工程管壳式换热器折流板的选型提供参考。     

非水相液体传输的耦合动力学模型及数值解

基于多孔介质流体力学和溶质运移动力学原理,建立了非水相液体在地下环境系统中传输过程的多组分多相流耦合数学模型,对多相流渗流场模型和污染物传输浓度场模型分别采用了IMPES和特征有限差分方法进行数值离散,模型中充分考虑了污染物在地下环境体系中扩散、吸附解吸、界面间分配以及微生物降解等化学反应以及气相作用,并以苯在土壤中传输的浓度分布为例,验证了模型的可靠性。该数值模型较以往数值模型相比．可有效地克服在数值解过程中的弥散和振荡,对于石油工程领域中油气藏多相流数值模拟奠定基础。     

流场数值计算的等效势流法

在流场的数值计算中,根据势流理论,引入平均水力损失,提出了一个整个流场有旋而局部流场有势的等级势流的概念,不仅在理论上进行了分析和推导,还对某一溢流流场进行了数值计算,并与实验测试的结果进行了比较,从而给出了一个计算简便、计算结果与实际情况更加吻合的流场数值计算方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.