增容剂对微晶纤维素增强淀粉塑料的影响

首先用微晶纤维素(MCC)对热塑性淀粉(TPS)进行增强,再将低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)与增强后的TPS共混,并以马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MA-g-PE)作为增容剂,制成MCC/TPS/LDPE复合材料。通过电子拉力机、冲击强度试验机、热重法、转矩流变仪和接触角测定仪,研究了不同用量的MA-g-PE对MCC/TPS/LDPE性能的影响。结果表明,增容剂的加入,使复合材料的拉伸强度先增大后减小,断裂伸长率和冲击强度不断增大,材料韧性显著提高;对复合材料的热稳定性有所改善,但影响较小;当添加量小于6%时,加工性能提高明显;此外,耐水性提高显著。总体而言,当MA-g-PE的添加量为4%时,材料的综合性能最好(拉伸强度为13.52 MPa,冲击强度为6.38kJ/m2,接触角为94.47°)。     

增容剂对PP/TPS共混材料性能的影响

以甘油为塑化剂,制备了热塑性淀粉(TPS);利用自制的甘油基阴离子表面活性剂:(2-十六烷基羧酸酯)丙二羧酸钠(C)为增容剂,制备了PP/TPS/C共混材料,并对其力学性能、熔点、结晶温度、热稳定性、流变性能等进行了分析。结果表明,在100份的PP/TPS(70∶30)共混材料中加入2份C时,其力学性能和流变性能最好。拉伸强度由21.3MPa降至17.8MPa,断裂伸长率由9.3%升高至19.7%,提高了115%;流动性变好,表观粘度明显降低。由于增容剂是甘油基阴离子表面活性剂,其与增塑剂甘油、淀粉以及PP都能产生一定的相互作用,从而影响了共混材料的性能。     

相容剂对可生物降解聚丙烯/淀粉共混材料的影响

研究了在引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)作用下,以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为相容剂,通过双螺杆挤出"一步法"实现了淀粉(ST)的热塑化及其与聚丙烯(PP)共混增容,制备了PP/ST共混材料,并对共混材料性能进行了表征.结果表明,在相同配比共混体系中,GMA或GMA与共单体苯乙烯(St)的加入使ST颗粒在PP中的分散性获得明显改善、力学性能及热稳定性均得到提高.     

聚乳酸/聚丙烯两相体系的光辐照原位反应性增容EI北大核心CSCD

改善聚合物共混物体系的界面相容性一般都采用添加增容剂的方式实现。文中提出在熔融挤出聚乳酸/聚丙烯共混物(PLA/PP)的过程中,通过光引发聚合物两相基体之间原位反应的方式来达到提高相容性的目的。在紫外光辐照作用下,加入的多官能团单体三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)与聚丙烯和聚乳酸共同反应,在两相界面间生成链接两相结构的接枝或嵌段共聚物作为相间增容剂。通过差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜和旋转流变仪对共混物的结晶性能、微观形貌和动态粘弹性进行了研究。结果表明,原位光辐照反应后的PLA/PP共混物相容性明显提高,分散相PP的粒子尺寸大大降低,PLA相最大结晶成核速率比纯PLA增加超过4倍,且PLA的晶粒细化。PLA与PP相界面发生反应后,产生了支化结构和链缠结,使得储能模量和复数黏度大大增加。     

聚丙烯/木粉复合材料的增容改性及其机理

为进一步改善聚丙烯(PP)/木纤维(WF)复合材料的力学性能,采用几种不同类型的马来酸酐接枝型相容剂对PP/WF复合材料进行增容改性,并通过红外光谱和扫描电镜,分析和研究其增容机理。结果表明,PP-g-MAH的改性效果最为明显,当其添加量为m(PP-g-MAH)/m(WF)=10/100时,PP/WF复合材料的拉伸强度提高40.9%,弯曲强度提高47.3%,弯曲模量提高35.3%。PP-g-MAH使PP与木粉产生良好的增容效果,木粉颗粒被PP包裹,材料抵抗外应力以及材料破坏由发生在两相界面变成发生在材料整体,从而有效提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

聚乳酸/聚丙烯两相体系的光辐照原位反应性增容

改善聚合物共混物体系的界面相容性一般都采用添加增容剂的方式实现。文中提出在熔融挤出聚乳酸/聚丙烯共混物(PLA/PP)的过程中,通过光引发聚合物两相基体之间原位反应的方式来达到提高相容性的目的。在紫外光辐照作用下,加入的多官能团单体三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)与聚丙烯和聚乳酸共同反应,在两相界面间生成链接两相结构的接枝或嵌段共聚物作为相间增容剂。通过差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜和旋转流变仪对共混物的结晶性能、微观形貌和动态粘弹性进行了研究。结果表明,原位光辐照反应后的PLA/PP共混物相容性明显提高,分散相PP的粒子尺寸大大降低,PLA相最大结晶成核速率比纯PLA增加超过4倍,且PLA的晶粒细化。PLA与PP相界面发生反应后,产生了支化结构和链缠结,使得储能模量和复数黏度大大增加。     

聚丙烯/尼龙1010的失效强度预报

在定义了聚丙烯最小体积分数基础上由聚丙烯(PP)和尼龙1010(PA1010)性能预报了共混物的极限失效强度。试验结果表明,V(PP)／V(PA1010)=40／60时材料强度最低,利用简化力学模型计算的PP最小体积分数约为32％,接近于由共混物微观形貌观察到的发生相转接区域体积分数值,说明材料在相反转区力学性能也有相应的转变。在PP／PA1010中添加增容剂PP—g—MAH使转折点位置发生了变化,失效强度较未加增容剂有所提高．在PA1010含量＞40％时与预报结果符合更好。     

本征态聚苯胺/聚丙烯驻极体复合过滤材料的制备与性能

为研究本征态聚苯胺对非织造过滤材料的驻极性能和过滤性能的影响,制备具有良好性能的非织造复合材料。采用原位聚合法制备了本征态聚苯胺/聚丙烯(PANI/PP)复合材料,通过SEM扫描电镜对复合材料的表面形态进行了表征,测试分析及比较本征态聚苯胺/聚丙烯(PANI/PP)复合材料和PP材料电晕驻极后的表面静电势和电荷储存性能及过滤性能。实验结果表明,本征态聚苯胺/聚丙烯(PANI/PP)复合材料具有较好的驻极性能,本征态聚苯胺(PANI)能够大幅提升聚丙烯(PP)材料的表面静电势,同时在最佳驻极条件下本征态聚苯胺/聚丙烯(PANI/PP)复合材料比聚丙烯(PP)材料的电荷储存性能更加稳定,电荷保留率为60%左右,且过滤效率高出20%左右。     

三嗪膨胀阻燃母粒的制备及在聚丙烯中的应用

以高熔指聚丙烯(HM-PP)粉料为基体,通过双螺杆挤出机将聚磷酸铵(APP)、三嗪成炭发泡剂(CFA)和纳米二氧化硅(Si O2)与聚丙烯进行捏合,经挤出、冷却及切粒后,制备三嗪膨胀阻燃母粒,同时研究了膨胀阻燃剂与聚丙烯基体的不同质量比对母粒加工性能的影响。将制备的阻燃母粒以一定的添加量与聚丙烯(M02)混合后直接注塑,制备阻燃聚丙烯材料,通过极限氧指数(LOI)和垂直燃烧(UL-94)测试研究了材料的阻燃性能,通过拉伸、弯曲和冲击性能的测试研究了材料的力学性能,通过扫描电镜对材料截面的测试研究了阻燃剂在材料中的分散性及相容性,同时还研究了阻燃PP材料的耐水性能。结果表明,在阻燃剂添加量为65%的时候,阻燃母粒具有很好的加工性能,加工过程中无断条现象。当母粒的添加量为33.8%(阻燃剂含量为22%)时,材料通过UL-94 V-0级,LOI值达到了34.3%,表现出很好的阻燃效果。与单独添加膨胀阻燃剂的阻燃PP材料相比,阻燃母粒与聚丙烯树脂具有更好的相容性且在树脂中分散均匀,阻燃母粒的加入提高了材料的力学性能,同时材料的耐水性能也得到了很好的提高,材料在耐水测试后依然能保持很好的阻燃性能。     

MAH改性方法对淀粉/聚乳酸界面相容性的影响

以玉米淀粉和聚乳酸(PLA)为原料,马来酸酐(MAH)为改性剂,通过熔融挤出法制备淀粉/PLA复合材料。研究了MAH分别作为增容剂和淀粉酯化剂这两种改性方法对淀粉/PLA相容性的影响,并对复合材料的熔融加工性能、力学性能和耐水性能进行了测试。X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和热重分析(TGA)结果都证明,MAH与原淀粉先进行干法酯化改性再与PLA复配制得酯化淀粉/PLA复合材料,比MAH作为增容剂直接添加制得原淀粉/MAH/PLA复合材料具有更好的界面相容性。受界面相容性提高程度的影响,酯化淀粉/PLA复合材料的熔融加工性能、拉伸强度、弯曲强度、断裂伸长率和耐水性能都优于原淀粉/MAH/PLA复合材料。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.