高性能锗硅异质结器件击穿特性的研究

对高频下的SiGe HBT器件击穿特性进行了研究。借助TCAD仿真工具,分析了影响器件击穿特性的基区Ge分布与集电区掺杂浓度超结结构。在3种不同Ge分布下,仿真结果表明,基区Ge的均匀分布有利于提高击穿电压;同时将超结结构引入集电区后,SiGe HBT器件的击穿电压提高了36%,由2.5 V提高到3.4 V。     

新结构微波功率SiGe HBT的数值分析

提出一种新结构的微波功率SiGe异质结双极晶体管(SiGe HBT),该结构通过在传统SiGe HBT的外基区下的集电区中挖槽并填充SiO2的方法来改善器件的高频性能.将相同尺寸的新结构和传统结构的器件仿真结果进行比较,发现新结构器件的基区-集电区电容减少了55%,因而使器件的最大有效增益提高了大约2dB,其工作在低压(Vce=4.5V)和高压(Vce=28V)情况下的最高振荡频率分别提高了24%和10%.     

新结构微波功率SiGe HBT的数值分析

提出一种新结构的微波功率SiGe异质结双极晶体管(SiGe HBT)，该结构通过在传统SiGe HBT的外基区下的集电区中挖槽并填充SiO2的方法来改善器件的高频性能．将相同尺寸的新结构和传统结构的器件仿真结果进行比较，发现新结构器件的基区-集电区电容减少了55％，因而使器件的最大有效增益提高了大约2dB，其工作在低压(Vce=4．5V)和高压(Vce=28V)情况下的最高振荡频率分别提高了24％和10％．     

超高压SiGe HBT器件结构及制作工艺研究

介绍了一种超高压锗硅异质结双极晶体管(SiGe HBT)的器件结构及制作工艺。该器件增大了N型赝埋层到有源区的距离,采用厚帽层锗硅基区及低浓度发射区的制作工艺,以提高SiGe HBT的击穿电压;在基区和发射区之间利用快速热处理提高工艺稳定性,并使HBT的电流增益(β)恢复到原来水平,以弥补厚帽层锗硅基区及低发射区浓度造成的电流增益降低。基区断开时,发射区到集电区的击穿电压(BVCEO)提高至10V,晶体管特征频率达到20GHz。     

基于1.5 μm BiCMOS 工艺的SiGe HBT器件设计优化

基于非选择性外延,自对准注入技术,集电区选择性注入和快速热退火工艺,提出了一种适用于1.5μm BiCMOS集成技术的SiGe HBT器件结构。该结构具有内基区薄,外基区厚,B/E结两侧杂质浓度低,发射极/基极自对准诸优点。利用TSuprem4和Medici进行工艺模拟和电学特性仿真。结果表明,所设计的的SiGe HBT具有良好的电学特性,其最大电流增益为210,当Vce=2.5 V时,截止频率达到65 GHz,验证了器件结构设计的合理性。     

SiGe异质结双极晶体管的基区优化

对应用于高频微波功率放大器的SiGe异质结双极晶体管(HBT)的基区进行了优化.研究发现,器件对基区Ge组分以及掺杂浓度十分敏感.采用重掺杂基区,适当提高Ge组分并形成合适的浓度分布,可以有效地改进SiGe HBT的直流特性,同时能够提高器件的特征频率.晶体管主要性能的提高使SiGe HBT技术在微波射频等高频电子领域得到更加广泛的应用.     

SiGe HBT器件的研究设计

研制了一种平面集成多晶发射极SiGe HBT,并对SiGe HBT设计进行了研究分析。给出了双极晶体管的结构和关键工艺参数,并进行了流片测试,结果表明,在室温下电流增益β大于1500,最大达到3000,Vceo为5V,厄利电压VA大于10V,βVA乘积达到15000以上。这种器件对多晶Si发射极As杂质浓度分布十分敏感。     

异质结位置对缓变集电结SiGe HBT性能的影响

研究了npn型SiGe HBT集电结附近的异质结位置对器件性能的影响.采用Taurus-Medici 2D器件模拟软件,在渐变集电结SiGe HBT的杂质分布不变的情况下,模拟了各种异质结位置时的器件直流增益特性和频率特性.同时比较了处于不同集电结偏压下的直流增益和截止频率.分析发现即使没有出现导带势垒,器件的直流和高频特性仍受SiGe层中性基区边界位置的影响.模拟结果对SiGe HBT的设计和分析都具有实际意义.     

异质结位置对缓变集电结SiGe HBT性能的影响

研究了npn型SiGe HBT集电结附近的异质结位置对器件性能的影响.采用Taurus-Medici 2D器件模拟软件,在渐变集电结SiGe HBT的杂质分布不变的情况下,模拟了各种异质结位置时的器件直流增益特性和频率特性.同时比较了处于不同集电结偏压下的直流增益和截止频率.分析发现即使没有出现导带势垒,器件的直流和高频特性仍受SiGe层中性基区边界位置的影响.模拟结果对SiGe HBT的设计和分析都具有实际意义.     

SiGe HBT直流电流增益模型研究

基于器件结构特点和电学特性,研究了影响SiGe HBT(异质结双极晶体管)直流电流增益的主要因素,分析了不同的电流密度条件下,器件的物理参数、结构参数与集电极电流密度和中性基区复合电流的关系,建立了SiGe HBT集电极电流密度,空穴反注入电流密度、中性基区复合电流、SRH(Shockley-Read- Hall)复合电流密度、俄歇复合电流密度以及直流电流增益模型,对直流电流增益模型进行了模拟仿真,分析了器件物理、结构参数以及复合电流与直流电流增益的关系,得到了SiGe HBT直流电流增益特性的优化理论依据.     

THE EFFECT OF DOPANT OUTDIFFUSION ON THE NEUTRAL BASE RECOMBINATION CURRENT IN Si/SiGe/Si HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS

A new analytical model for the base current of Si/SiGe/Si heterojunction bipolar transistors(HBTs) has been developed. This model includes the hole injection current from the base to the emitter, and the recombination components in the space charge region(SCR) and the neutral base. Distinctly different from other models, this model includes the following effects on each base current component by using the boundary condition of the excess minority carrier concentration at SCR boundaries: the first is the effect of the parasitic potential barrier which is formed at the Si/SiGe collector-base heterojunction due to the dopant outdlffusion from the SiGe base to the adjacent Si collector, and the second is the Ge composition grading effect. The effectiveness of this model is confirmed by comparing the calculated result with the measured plot of the base current vs. the collector-base bias voltage for the ungraded HBT. The decreasing base current with the increasing the collector-base reverse bias voltage is successfully explained by this model without assuming the short-lifetime region close to the SiGe/Si collector-base junction, where a complete absence of dislocations is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)[1]. The recombination component in the neutral base region is shown to dominate other components even for HBTs with a thin base, due to the increased carrier storage in the vicinity of the parasitic potential barrier at collector-base heterojunction.     

Experimental method to extract AC collector-base resistance fromSiGe HBT's

A simple experimental technique is presented that enables the accurate extraction of the collector-base resistance r_μ that models the impact of neutral base recombination on the ac output resistance of bipolar transistors. Measurements of ratios of r_μ to the output resistance r_o arising from the Early effect for SiGe HBTs allows for the quantitative determination of the impact of neutral base recombination on analog circuits that are designed to have a high output resistance. It is found that SiGe HBT structures indicative of those currently being used commercially in advanced analog processes exhibit neutral base recombination that is significant enough to severely degrade the output resistance of analog circuits, even when the output transistors experience ac base voltage drive conditions. Finally, it is shown how extraction of the ratio of r _μ to r_o can be a useful tool to determine the impact of parasitic potential barriers formed by boron out-diffusion at the collector-base junction on device and analog circuit performance     

Collector-base junction avalanche multiplication effects inadvanced UHV/CVD SiGe HBTs

The collector-base junction avalanche multiplication factor (M-1) in SiGe HBTs is investigated using a new technique better tolerant to self-heating and collector-base leakage. The new technique provides higher accuracy at low current densities and enables M-1 to be measured at high current densities typically used in circuits. Comparisons with identically processed silicon control devices show that M-1 is not inadvertently increased by the incorporation of SiGe, despite its smaller bandgap. With cooling, M-1 first increases, and then saturates when T<117 K. A 2.3 V critical reverse CB voltage at which base current reversal occurs is observed down to 83 K, which is sufficiently high for today's bipolar and BiCMOS logic applications     

Measurement of collector-base junction avalanche multiplicationeffects in advanced UHV/CVD SiGe HBT's

This paper presents measurements of the avalanche multiplication factor (M-1) in SiGe HBTs using a new technique capable of separating the avalanche multiplication and Early effect contributions to the increase of collector current with collector-base bias, as well as allowing safe measurements at practical current densities. The impact of collector doping, current density, Ge profile, and operation temperature are reported for the first time using measured and simulated results from a production quality UHV/CVD SiGe HBT technology. Limitations of the technique in the presence of significant self-heating are discussed. By turning on the secondary hole impact ionization, we revealed the difference in impact ionization between strained SiGe and Si in the presence of the “dead space” effect. Despite its smaller bandgap, the compressively strained SiGe layer shows an apparent decrease in the secondary hole impact ionization rate compared to Si     

Quantifying neutral base recombination and the effects ofcollector-base junction traps in UHV/CVD SiGe HBTs

This work quantifies neutral base recombination in UHV/CVD SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) using calibrated two-dimensional (2-D) simulation. The simulated collector-base conductance through neutral base recombination (NBR) modulation is far below the experimentally observed values, and hence does not explain the measured output resistance degradation under forced-I_B operation. In spite of the output resistance degradation, these UHV/CVD SiGe HBTs have approximately the same base current as the silicon control, and hence higher current gain. Based on the observation of the majority carrier concentration limited recombination in the CB junction depletion layer, as opposed to the minority carrier concentration limited recombination in the neutral base, local presence of traps in the CB junction depletion layer is suggested. This explains the measured CB conductance modulation and the related output resistance degradation without compromising the current gain. Numerical simulations using traps locally introduced into the CB junctions successfully reproduced the measured collector-base conductance from simulation without appreciable degradation in current gain     

Impact of collector-base junction traps on low-frequency noise in high breakdown Voltage SiGe HBTs

This work investigates the impact of collector-base (CB) junction traps on low-frequency noise in high breakdown voltage (HBV) SiGe HBTs. By comparing the base current and 1/f noise at the same internal emitter-base (EB) voltage of the standard breakdown voltage (SBV) and HBV devices, we show that the CB junction traps not only increase base current, but also contribute base current 1/f noise when high injection occurs. The individual 1/f noise contributions from the emitter-base junction traps and from the collector-base junction traps are separated. The dependence of the 1/f noise component on the corresponding base current component is determined, and shown to be different for the EB and CB junction traps. The dependence of the total 1/f noise on the total base current, however, remains the same before and after high injection occurs in the HBV device, which is approximately the same as that for the SBV device. The I/sub B/ contribution from the CB junction recombination current needs to be modeled for accurate I-V and 1/f noise modeling.     

Characterization of the effectiveness of carbon incorporation inSiGe for the elimination of parasitic energy barriers in SiGe HBTs

An electrical method is applied to SiGe and SiGe:C heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) to extract the bandgap narrowing in the base layer and to characterize the presence of parasitic energy barriers in the conduction band, arising from boron transient enhanced out-diffusion from the SiGe layer. It is shown that a background carbon concentration within the base (≈10²⁰ cm^-3) eliminates parasitic energy barriers at the collector/base junction, and hence shows that transient enhanced diffusion of boron from the base has been completely suppressed     

超结硅锗功率二极管电学特性的研究

超结SiGe功率开关二极管可以克服常规Si功率二极管存在的一些缺陷,如阻断电压增大的同时,正向导通压降也将增大,反向恢复时间也变长。该新型功率二极管有两个重要特点:一是由轻掺杂的p型柱和n型柱相互交替形成超结结构,代替传统功率二极管的n-基区;二是p+区采用很薄的应变SiGe材料。该器件可以同时实现高阻断电压、低正向压降和快速恢复的电学特性。与相同器件厚度的常规Si功率二极管相比较,反向阻断电压提高了42%,反向恢复时间缩短了40%,正向压降减小了约0.1V(正向电流密度为100A/cm2时)。应变SiGe层中Ge含量和器件的基区厚度是影响超结SiGe二极管电学特性的重要参数,详细分析了该材料参数和结构参数对正向导通特性、反向阻断特性和反向恢复特性的影响,为器件结构设计提供了实用的参考价值。     

SiGe HBT的脉冲中子及γ辐射效应

测量了反应堆脉冲中子及γ辐照SiGe HBT典型电参数变化.在反应堆1×1013cm-2的脉冲中子注量和256.85Gy(Si)γ总剂量辐照后,SiGe HBT静态共射极直流增益减小了20%.辐照后基极电流、结漏电流增大,集电极电流、击穿电压减小.特征截止频率fT基本不变,fmax略有减小.初步分析了SiGe HBT反应堆脉冲中子及γ辐射的损伤机理.     

Modelling of SiGe heterobipolar transistors: 200 GHz frequencies with symmetrical delay times

Our basic approach is to develop a symmetrical design with equal delay times for collector, base and the total load to simulate the high frequency behaviour of SiGe heterobipolar transistors (HBTs). On this base we have investigated the feasibility of SiGe HBTs with transit frequencies f_T above 200 GHz. A symmetrical design reaching f_T=208 GHz is presented. The dependence of the high frequency behaviour on Ge content and vertical transistor design is shown. Critical parameters like the maximum current density and the breakthrough voltage are considered. An analytical model is compared to numerical simulations and experimental data.