SiGe HBT的脉冲中子及γ辐射效应

测量了反应堆脉冲中子及γ辐照SiGe HBT典型电参数变化.在反应堆1×1013cm-2的脉冲中子注量和256.85Gy(Si)γ总剂量辐照后,SiGe HBT静态共射极直流增益减小了20%.辐照后基极电流、结漏电流增大,集电极电流、击穿电压减小.特征截止频率fT基本不变,fmax略有减小.初步分析了SiGe HBT反应堆脉冲中子及γ辐射的损伤机理.     

SiGe HBT与Si BJT的~(60)Co射线总剂量辐照效应比较

研究了国产结构参数近似的SiGe HBT与Si BJT在60Coγ射线辐照前和不同剂量辐照后性能的变化,并作了比较。辐照后集电极电流Ic变化很小,基极电流Ib明显增大,表明辐照后电流增益的下降主要是由于Ib的退化所导致。当辐照剂量达到10kGy(Si)时,SiGe HBT和Si BJT的最大电流增益分别下降为77%和55%,表明了SiGe HBT具有比Si BJT更好的抗γ射线辐照性能。对辐射损伤机理进行了探讨。     

SiGe HBT瞬时剂量率效应实验及仿真研究

锗硅异质结双极晶体管(SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor,SiGe HBT)由于其优异的温度和频率特性,在航空航天等极端环境中具有良好的使用前景,其辐射效应得到了广泛关注。针对KT9041 SiGe HBT进行了瞬时γ射线及脉冲激光辐照实验,获得其瞬时剂量率效应(Transient Dose Rate Effect,TDRE)响应。实验结果表明,SiGe HBT收集极在辐照下会产生明显的光电流脉冲,并且存在着饱和阈值的现象。此外,在脉冲激光辐照实验中还进行了SiGe HBT总剂量效应与瞬时剂量率效应的协同效应研究。发现SiGe HBT在经过总剂量辐照后其产生的光电流幅值会变大。为了分析实验中观察到的现象,应用TCAD建立了KT9041 SiGe HBT的仿真模型,并进行了瞬时γ射线辐照以及总剂量效应仿真研究。仿真发现,SiGe HBT收集极光电流出现的饱和现象是由示波器端口50 Ω匹配电阻所造成的。而总剂量效应导致的光电流幅值变大则是由于总剂量效应会在SiGe HBT收集极电极处的Si/SiO₂界面引入正电荷缺陷,正电荷缺陷产生的局部电场会对自由电子产生吸引作用,导致更多的自由电子被收集极收集,从而产生幅值更大的光电流。     

辐照对SiGe HBT增益的影响

比较了电子和γ射线辐照后SiGe HBT和Si BJT直流增益β的变化.在Vbe≤0.5V时,较高剂量辐照时SiGe HBT的放大倍数辐照损伤因子d(β)为负;在Vbe≥0.5V时,SiGe HBT的d(β)远比Si BJT的小.SiGe HBT有更好的抗辐照性能.针对测得的一些电子陷阱对辐照致性能变化的影响进行了讨论.     

辐照对SiGe HBT增益的影响

比较了电子和γ射线辐照后SiGe HBT和Si BJT直流增益β的变化.在Vbe≤0.5V时,较高剂量辐照时SiGe HBT的放大倍数辐照损伤因子d(β)为负;在Vbe≥0.5V时,SiGe HBT的d(β)远比Si BJT的小.SiGe HBT有更好的抗辐照性能.针对测得的一些电子陷阱对辐照致性能变化的影响进行了讨论.     

SiGe HBT 60Co γ辐照总剂量效应

测量了SiGe HBT直流增益在60Coγ辐照过程中随剂量及器件电流注入水平的变化。实验结果显示在累计辐照剂量超过5 000 Gy(Si)后,器件电流增益变化与辐照剂量存在线性反比关系,且增益损伤系数与器件电流注入水平有关;器件在受到总剂量为2.78×104Gy(Si)辐照后,器件静态基极电流Ib、集电极电流Ic、静态直流增益及最大振荡频率fmax出现不同程度退化;但器件其他电参数如截止频率fT、交流增益|H21|及结电容(CCBO)与辐照前相比未出现显著退化。利用MEDICI数值模拟分析了SiGe HBT参数退化机理。     

SiGe HBT 60Co γ射线辐照效应及退火特性

研究了国产SiGe异质结双极晶体管(HBT)60Co γ射线100Gy(Si)～10kGy(Si)总剂量辐照后的辐照效应及辐照后的退火特性.测试了辐照及退火后的直流电参数.实验结果显示,辐照后基极电流(Ib)明显增大,而集电极电流(Ic)基本不变,表明Ib的增加是电流增益退化的主要原因.退火结果表现为电流增益(β=Ic/Ib)继续衰降,表明SiGe HBT具有"后损伤"效应.对其机理进行了探讨,结果表明其主要原因是室温退火中界面态继续增长引起的.     

SiGe HBT60Coγ射线辐照效应及退火特性

研究了国产SiGe异质结双极晶体管(HBT)60Co γ射线100Gy(Si)～10kGy(Si)总剂量辐照后的辐照效应及辐照后的退火特性.测试了辐照及退火后的直流电参数.实验结果显示,辐照后基极电流(Ib)明显增大,而集电极电流(Ic)基本不变,表明Ib的增加是电流增益退化的主要原因.退火结果表现为电流增益(β=Ic/Ib)继续衰降,表明SiGe HBT具有"后损伤"效应.对其机理进行了探讨,结果表明其主要原因是室温退火中界面态继续增长引起的.     

SiGe HBT和Si BJT的γ射线辐照效应比较

比较了经剂量为400 krad(Si)的Y射线辐照后SiGe HBT和Si BJT直流电学性能的变化.通常SiGe HBT辐照后的Ib增加,Ic下降,直流放大倍数变化很小;Si BJT辐照后的Ib增加,而Ic通常也增加,并且变化幅度很大,直流放大倍数明显下降,相同剂量下变化幅度比SiGe HBT约高一个量级.表明SiGe HBT比Si BJT有更好的抗辐照性能,并对辐照导致的电特性的变化原因进行了初步解释.     

SiGe HBT低频噪声PSPICE模拟分析

对SiGe HBT低频噪声的各噪声源进行了较全面的分析,据此建立了SPICE噪声等效电路模型,进一步用PSPICE软件对SiGe HBT的低频噪声特性进行了仿真模拟.研究了频率、基极电阻、工作电流和温度等因素对低频噪声的影响.模拟结果表明,相较于Si BJT和GaAs HBT,SiGe HBT具有更好的低频噪声特性;在低频范围内,可通过减小基极电阻、减小工作电流密度或减小发射极面积、降低器件的工作温度等措施来有效改善SiGe HBT的低频噪声特性.所得结果对SiGe HBT的设计和应用有重要意义.     

Investigation of enhanced low dose rate sensitivity in SiGe HBTs by 60Co γ irradiation under different biases

This paper evaluates enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS) in Silicon–Germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs) which are isolated by LOCOS process. The ⁶⁰Co gamma irradiations were performed at 80 rad (Si)/s and 0.1 rad (Si)/s respectively in order to investigate dose rate dependence of the SiGe HBT. Devices were set in forward, saturated, cutoff, and all-grounded biases during the irradiation. The degradation mechanism of different dose rate irradiations was analyzed via measurement of forward Gummel mode and inverse Gummel mode both pre- and post- irradiation. The results show that ELDRS exists at forward, saturated, and all-grounded biases irradiations. The dose rate dependences of various irradiated biases are different in the SiGe HBT. The interface-traps both in EB Spacer and LOCOS are the major irradiated damages in the SiGe HBT for the low dose rate irradiation. ELDRS is directly related to the quality, thickness, and shape of oxide layers.     

Combined effect of bias and annealing in gamma and neutron radiation assurance tests of SiGe bipolar transistors for HEP applications

SiGe BiCMOS technologies are one of the proposed options for the front-end readout electronics of the detectors in the middle region of the ATLAS-Upgrade. The radiation hardness of the SiGe bipolar transistors is being assessed for this application through irradiations with different particles. Biasing conditions during irradiation experiments of bipolar transistors or circuits have an influence on the damage and there is a risk of erroneous results. We have performed several irradiation experiments of SiGe devices in different bias conditions. We have observed a systematic trend in gamma irradiations, showing a smaller damage in transistors irradiated biased compared to those irradiated with shorted or floating terminals. These effects have not been observed in neutron irradiations.     

异质结位置对缓变集电结SiGe HBT性能的影响

研究了npn型SiGe HBT集电结附近的异质结位置对器件性能的影响.采用Taurus-Medici 2D器件模拟软件,在渐变集电结SiGe HBT的杂质分布不变的情况下,模拟了各种异质结位置时的器件直流增益特性和频率特性.同时比较了处于不同集电结偏压下的直流增益和截止频率.分析发现即使没有出现导带势垒,器件的直流和高频特性仍受SiGe层中性基区边界位置的影响.模拟结果对SiGe HBT的设计和分析都具有实际意义.     

异质结位置对缓变集电结SiGe HBT性能的影响

研究了npn型SiGe HBT集电结附近的异质结位置对器件性能的影响.采用Taurus-Medici 2D器件模拟软件,在渐变集电结SiGe HBT的杂质分布不变的情况下,模拟了各种异质结位置时的器件直流增益特性和频率特性.同时比较了处于不同集电结偏压下的直流增益和截止频率.分析发现即使没有出现导带势垒,器件的直流和高频特性仍受SiGe层中性基区边界位置的影响.模拟结果对SiGe HBT的设计和分析都具有实际意义.     

Analytical modelling of current gain and frequency characteristics under high injection levels in Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors at 77 and 300 K

This paper reports an analytical modelling of current gain and frequency characteristics in Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) at 77 and 300 K. Important transistor parameters, such as current gain, transconductance, cutoff frequency and maximum oscillation frequency are calculated as a function of Ge concentration in the base under different injection levels. The main physical mechanisms for the current and cutoff frequency rolloff at high injection levels are also analyzed. It shows that the high-level injection effect is more pronounced in the SiGe HBTs as a result of the increasing minority carrier concentration in the base and the Ge concentration and distribution will have a decisive influence of device performance. The results may provide a basis for the design of low temperature operation SiGe HBTs.     

A physics-based high-injection transit-time model applied to barrier effects in SiGe HBTs

A physics-based cutoff frequency model considering high-injection heterojunction barrier effects in SiGe HBTs is derived. Compared with other compact modeling approaches, the present model accurately captures the cutoff frequency behavior at very high current densities for SiGe HBTs with deep Si-SiGe heterojunctions. The model also offers better insight into the charge density distribution under Kirk and barrier effect in SiGe HBTs.     

Emitter-ballasting-resistor-free SiGe microwave powerheterojunction bipolar transistor

The emitter ballasting resistor is used to equalize the current distribution between the emitter stripes in power transistor, but it will degrade the output power, power gain, and power added efficiency. Experimental results indicate that the current gain of uniform-base SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) decreases with the increase of the temperature above 160 K, so the current distribution is equalized by itself to some extent. Therefore, the microwave power SiGe HBTs without emitter ballasting resistor were fabricated for the first time, and the continuous output power of 5 W and power added efficiency of 63% were obtained under Class C operation at a frequency of 900 MHz. Hence, the emitter current density of the SiGe HBT's with emitter width of 6 μm is 0.79 A/cm     

RF power characteristics of SiGe HBTs at cryogenic temperatures

This paper investigates the temperature dependence (from 77 to 300 K) of dc, ac, and power characteristics for n-p-n SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with and without selectively implanted collector (SIC). In SiGe HBTs without SIC, the valance band discontinuity at the base-collector heterojunction induces a parasitic conduction band barrier while biasing at saturation region and high current operation at cryogenic temperatures. This parasitic conduction band barrier significantly reduces the current gain and cutoff frequency. For transistors biased with fixed collector current, the measured output power, power-added efficiency, and linearity at 2.4 GHz decrease significantly with decreasing operation temperatures. The temperature dependence of output power characteristic is analyzed by Kirk effect, current gain, and cutoff frequency at different temperatures. The parasitic conduction band barrier in SiGe HBTs with SIC is negligible, and thus the device achieves better power performance at cryogenic temperatures compared with that in SiGe HBT without SIC.     

Electrical stress effect on RF power characteristics of SiGe hetero-junction bipolar transistors

In this paper, we investigate the electrical stress effects on both the high-frequency and RF power characteristics of Si/SiGe HBTs. Simultaneously applying a high collector current density and a high collector–base voltage upon the Si/SiGe HBTs, their hot carriers will induce device performance degradation. This stress condition is similar to the DC bias conditions of a current source RF power amplifier, and is termed as a “mixed-mode” stress. We find that not only the maximum oscillation frequency but also the output power performance of Si/SiGe HBTs are suffered by this electrical stress. In addition, the degradations of high-frequency and power characteristics are also worse under a constant base-current measurement than those under a constant collector-current measurement. Finally, we developed a commercial large-signal model to examine the degradations of the parasitic resistances and ideality factors of base and collector currents to explain the RF power and linearity degradations.