煤矸石酸渣制备白炭黑的实验研究

白炭黑是橡胶、塑料、涂料等化工制品的重要填料,煤矸石制取白炭黑是其高附加值利用手段之一.利用煤矸石提铝后的酸渣,制备低模数水玻璃,经新鲜酸渣提模,制取与工业水玻璃模数(n≈3.6)相近的高模数水玻璃.以二氧化碳为沉淀剂,经碳化反应制取白炭黑.采用单因素实验和正交实验相结合,确定出最佳的工艺条件:(1)煤矸石酸渣制备高模数水玻璃:提模时间1.0h、提模温度60℃及液固比为4∶1;(2)高模数水玻璃制备白炭黑:反应温度80℃、反应时间2.5h、水玻璃密度1.075 g/mL、水玻璃模数3.3、搅拌速率为350 r/min、二氧化碳浓度为20％.所制白炭黑质量好,吸油值2.2 mL/g,白度90％以上,纯度85％以上.     

钼铁冶炼废渣制备水玻璃的试验研究

主要对钼铁废渣制备水玻璃进行试验研究。通过单因素考察法,确定了各种单因素:碱浸温度、物料比(钼铁废渣和Na OH溶液的质量比)、碱浸时间和Na OH质量分数对水玻璃模数的影响,得到钼铁冶炼废渣制备水玻璃最适宜的条件为反应温度为100℃,物料比为1:3,反应时间为8 h,Na OH溶液质量分数为20%。     

液相沉淀法制备超细碳酸钴的工艺研究

以氯化钴和碳酸氢铵为原料,采用湿式沉淀法制备超细球形碳酸钴粉末,考察反应过程中原料浓度、搅拌速度、反应时间及反应温度对粉末形貌和粒度分布的影响.实验得出优化合成工艺条件为:碳酸氢铵浓度190 g/L,氯化钴浓度150 g/L,反应温度28～30℃,反应时间120 min,搅拌速率400 r/min.在优化条件下碳酸钴粒...     

内蒙古油砂尾砂制备水玻璃的工艺研究

内蒙古油砂尾砂中硅含量以二氧化硅计质量分数接近85%。探索了以内蒙古油砂尾砂中二氧化硅为原料在低温下制备水玻璃的工艺路线。通过单因素实验及正交实验考察得出,3个因素对水玻璃模数（硅钠物质的量 比）及二氧化硅溶出率的影响程度均为温度＞物料比（钠硅物质的量比）＞时间。以水玻璃模数为考察指标,其最佳工艺条件为：反应温度为800 ℃、反应时间为1 h、物料比为2,得到水玻璃模数为2.764。以二氧化硅溶出率为考察指标,其最佳工艺条件为：反应温度为800 ℃、反应时间为2.5 h、物料比为2,得到二氧化硅溶出率为87.6%。     

稻壳灰制取水玻璃工艺研究

以稻壳为实验原材料,经过对稻壳的提纯除杂的预处理、搅拌下调节pH、烘干,然后与Na OH溶液反应制备水玻璃。通过研究反应温度、时间、物料比对生成的水玻璃的影响,确定制得所需的水玻璃最优反应条件。本实验得最佳工艺参数,在物料比10g/70mL,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为6h。在此条件下制备的的水玻璃模数为2.9,二氧化硅溶出率为90%。     

稻壳灰制水玻璃及其对粉煤灰活性的激发效果

采用稻壳灰制备水玻璃,研究了碱浓度、固液比、溶煮时间对稻壳灰中二氧化硅溶出率和所得水玻璃模数的影响,试验表明稻壳灰制备水玻璃的最佳工艺为:NaOH浓度8 mol/L、固液比1∶2.5(1 g∶2.5mL)、溶煮时间3h;应用稻壳灰制备的水玻璃激发粉煤灰的活性,研究了水玻璃掺量、模数、固含量对粉煤灰胶砂强度的影响,试验发现当水玻璃模数为1.1、固含量为34％、水玻璃掺量为33％时,粉煤灰胶砂强度最大.     

利用磷化工含氟废气制备人工萤石

采用磷化工含氟废气为原料,用氨水作吸收剂,用氯化钙回收其中的氟制备人工萤石。系统性考察了氯化钙用量、反应温度、反应时间、搅拌速率4个因素对人工萤石产量的影响,得到利用磷化工含氟废气制备人工萤石的最佳工艺条件:氯化钙用量为3.340g,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为10min,搅拌速率为300r/min。在最佳工艺条件下,利用500mL含氟废气制备得到人工萤石1.86g,样品的纯度为97.5%。     

正交设计法优选沥青顺酐化制备工艺

优选沥青顺酐化制备工艺;以顺酐转化率为指标,以反应温度、顺酐浓度和搅拌速率为考察因素,采用正交试验法优选最佳制备工艺;温度为160℃,浓度为2 g顺酐/100 g沥青,搅拌速率为200 r/min时顺酐转化率最高;顺酐转化率只与反应温度有关,与顺酐浓度和搅拌速率无关。     

石灰窑气碳酸化法制备白炭黑工艺

对电石生产排放的废气?石灰窑气与水玻璃经碳酸化法制备白炭黑的工艺进行了较为系统的实验研究. 考察了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比及二氧化碳含量等因素对白炭黑的产率及产品性能(粒度分布、吸油值)的影响. 获得了最佳反应条件：反应温度85~95℃、反应时间2.5 h、水玻璃与水的体积比1:6、模拟石灰窑气中二氧化碳的浓度为40%. 研究结果对制备性能优良的高补强无机填料白炭黑工艺的工业化具有重要的参考价值.     

沉淀法白炭黑的合成工艺研究

研究了以水玻璃和硫酸为原料合成沉淀法白炭黑(即沉淀水合二氧化硅)的反应条件。研究发现：反应温度、反应时间、硫酸质量分数、搅拌速度、水玻璃模数对白炭黑的比表面积或DBP吸收值有不同程度的影响。结果表明：改变反应条件，可以合成产品性能具有较大差异性的系列化产品，从而扩大白炭黑的应用范围。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.