自密实高性能轻骨料混凝土的研究

自密实轻骨料混凝土兼有自密实混凝土和轻骨料混凝土特性,应用前景广阔.针对其工作性能和力学性能,系统介绍了国内外已有研究成果,采用不同水胶比、矿物掺合料进行了强度等级为LC50的配合比方案研究,对抗压强度、坍落扩展度试验、V型漏斗试验、L型槽试验及U型槽试验结果进行了研究.研究表明:在水胶比为0.3,体积砂率为49％,Ⅰ级粉煤灰、硅灰的替代率(占水泥质量百分比)分别为30％、4％,聚羧酸高性能减水剂为胶凝材料质量的1.1％条件下,能够满足强度等级为C50的自密实高性能轻骨料混凝土的要求,工作性能良好,为实际工程提供了应用基础与理论依据.     

大断面钢壳自密实混凝土管节浮态浇筑模型试验研究

深中通道沉管隧道具有超大跨度、超宽、大回淤等特点,其采用钢壳包裹素混凝土的结构使钢壳制作与混凝土浇筑实现了场地分离,为验证深中通道钢壳自密实混凝土管节施工工艺可行性,进行了大断面模型试验,对自密实混凝土性能、钢壳浮态预制浇筑工艺和模型结构质量进行研究,确保管节在施工过程的可靠性。通过对自密实混凝土的制备,混凝土拌合物性能满足流动性、填充性和抗离析性能等基本性能要求。结果表明,通过对大断面模型浮态浇筑试验中模型混凝土温度和应变监测、抗压强度测试,钢壳自密实混凝土的温度得到了较好控制,所配制的自密实混凝土具有较好的体积稳定性。混凝土28 d抗压强度均在50 MPa以上,其密实性和匀质性较好,满足配制指标要求,钢壳沉管自密实混凝土浮态浇筑施工工艺可行。     

再生骨料自密实清水混凝土配合比优化及表观性能试验研究

利用再生粗骨料制备再生骨料自密实清水混凝土,采用正交试验的方法对再生骨料自密实清水混凝土的配合比进行优化,探究了水胶比、砂率及胶凝材料含量对混凝土工作性能、力学性能以及表观性能的影响规律及显著性.通过对试验结果的极差分析,发现胶凝材料含量对混凝土坍落扩展度影响最大,其次是砂率,水胶比的影响最小;对于7d抗压强度的影响程度从大到小依次为水胶比、砂率、胶凝材料含量;混凝土表面灰度标准差受胶凝材料含量影响最大,其次是水胶比和砂率;对混凝土表面气孔率的影响程度从大到小依次为胶凝材料含量、砂率、水胶比.通过方差分析得到水胶比与砂率对再生骨料自密实清水混凝土的7d抗压强度具有显著性影响;胶凝材料含量对坍落扩展度、灰度标准差和气孔率有显著性影响.     

桥用C50自密实混凝土研究

针对桥梁混凝土对早期强度和弹性模量的特殊要求,以及优质矿物掺合料普遍缺乏的现状,采用理论计算和试验研究相结合的方式,通过降低水胶比和掺加高弹性模量矿物掺合料,优化胶凝材料总量、粉煤灰掺量和砂率等主要参数,使自密实混凝土性能达到桥用混凝土要求.桥用C50自密实混凝土各参数的优化结果为:水胶比0.32,砂率为45％,胶凝材料用量为530 kg/m3,粉煤灰掺量为30％.制备出的自密实混凝土其T500时间为11s,坍落扩展度为690 mm,7d强度为46.1 MPa,28 d强度为61.4 MPa,28 d弹性模量为36.6 GPa.     

纤维增强SCLC在装配式建筑结构中的应用研究

为解决普通混凝土因自重大、韧性不足、抗裂性能差而不能在装配式建筑结构中广泛应用的问题,利用陶粒、陶粒砂以及不同种类纤维配制了纤维增强自密实轻质混凝土(SCLC),并对其工作性能和力学性能进行了分析.结果表明:SCLC的最佳胶凝材料用量为527kg/m3,净用水量为184kg/m3,体积砂率为46％;玄武岩纤维、聚乙烯醇...     

高原环境下混凝土配合比优化设计研究

本文针高原环境特征,主要研究水胶比、胶凝材料、粉煤灰掺量、砂率等关键指标对混凝土工作性能、力学性能、抗裂性能和抗冻性能等性能的影响规律.研究结果表明,在高海拔低温大温差环境下,C30混凝土水胶比以0.45左右为宜,C40混凝土以0.40左右为宜,而C50则以0.34左右为宜;C30混凝土胶凝材料控制在380 kg/m3以内,C40控制在420 kg/m3以内,C50不超过500 kg/m3;C50混凝土砂率而言,建议选择0.39左右;在选择合适的养生制度和质量稳定的粉煤灰前提条件下,建议在混凝土中掺人适量粉煤灰,掺量建议控制在15％以内.     

浅析配置参数对自密实混凝土工作性的影响

通过改变自密实混凝土的水胶比、胶凝材料总量、粉煤灰掺量和砂率进行工作性能试验研究,得出各配置参数对自密实混凝土的工作性影响情况。     

高原冻土地区桩基混凝土配合比设计研究

本文主要研究了水胶比、胶凝材料用量、矿物掺合料种类和掺量等配合比关键参数对C30桩基混凝土抗压强度和抗冻性能的影响规律.研究表明,低温环境下桩基混凝土的抗压强度和抗冻性能均随着水胶比的增加而显著降低;桩基混凝土抗压强度和抗冻性能均随着胶凝材料用量的降低而降低;低温环境下"FA10-SF10"组混凝土抗压强度和抗冻性能均最佳;高原冻土地区C30桩基混凝土配合比设计中建议水胶比不大于0.45,胶凝材料用量不低于380 kg/m3,建议采用10％粉煤灰和5％硅灰复掺.     

高掺量聚丙烯纤维自密实混凝土制备及其性能研究

为了有效提高高掺量聚丙烯纤维自密实混凝土的工作性能,将调整水胶比和砂率进行配制聚丙烯纤维体积掺量为0.5％的自密实混凝土并对其材料性能进行试验研究.研究表明:高掺量聚丙烯纤维的掺入对自密实混凝土的流动性有较大影响,适当调整水胶比和砂率可配制满足工作性能要求的高掺量聚丙烯纤维自密实混凝土;水胶比的增大提高了高掺量聚丙烯纤维自密实混凝土的扩展度,同时也提高了其离析的风险,降低了其抗压强度;砂率的增大对高掺量聚丙烯纤维自密实混凝土的抗压强度基本没有影响,但可提高其拌合物的粘聚性.     

高钙粉煤灰在小石峡水电站中的应用研究

研究了高钙粉煤灰不同掺量情况下混凝土的体积安定性及高钙粉煤灰的最大掺量情况下,在不同水胶比、不同掺量情况下混凝土的力学性能及耐久性性能。研究发现：掺高钙粉煤灰混凝土的安定性可通过测定其胶凝材料的安定性来评定,掺加25%左右的高钙灰,所配制的混凝土的强度性能和体积稳定性都较好,随着水胶比的降低,掺高钙粉煤灰混凝土同龄期的抗压强度逐渐增大：掺高钙粉煤灰灰混凝土具有良好的抗渗性能及良好的抗冻性能。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。