FeCoCa氧化物纳米晶的制备及芬顿降解亚甲基蓝的性能分析

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了FeCoCa三种元素的氧化物纳米晶.采用XRD,SEM对催化剂进行表征,同时研究了亚甲基蓝催化剂与H2O2的协同降解作用.结果表明:FeCoCa氧化物纳米晶和H2O2组成的Fenton反应可以有效地降解亚甲基蓝溶液;当铁钴钙三种元素的摩尔比例为1∶i.5∶3.5,催化剂投加量为1.2 g/L,过氧化氢投加量为0.7mL,初始pH值为6.80,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到93％;与传统Fenton反应体系相比,溶出铁的量降低到0.18 mg/L.     

β2-SiW11Co/四丁基溴化铵电荷转移配合物的合成及光催化性能

以β2-SiW11Co/TBA为光催化剂,在紫外灯辐射下,研究了其对模拟染料废水亚甲基兰蓝溶液的光催化降解的反应,考察了催化剂投加量、染料浓度、pH对亚甲基兰降解率的影响。结果表明,亚甲基兰溶液光催化降解的最佳条件为:pH=4,β2-SiW11Co/TBA催化剂投加量为0.15 g.L-1,染料浓度为8 mg.L-1,经30 W紫外灯照射150 min后,其降解率为92.91%。     

PW_(12)/PANI/ZnO复合材料光催化降解亚甲基蓝

以PW12/PANI/ZnO为光催化剂。在紫外灯辐射下,研究了模拟染料废水亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解的反应,讨论了催化剂投加量、染料浓度、溶液的pH值对亚甲基蓝降解率的影响。结果表明,亚甲基蓝溶液光催化降解的最佳条件为:pH=3,催化剂投加量为0.012 5 g,染料浓度为5 mg/L,经30 W紫外灯照射90 min后,其降解率为85.84%。     

α-SiW11Ni/PANI光催化降解染料废水的研究

以α-SiW11Ni/PANI为催化剂,在紫外灯辐射下,研究了模拟染料废水亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解的反应,讨论了催化剂投加量、亚甲基蓝溶液的初始浓度、酸度等对催化脱色效果的影响。实验结果表明,100 mL的亚甲基蓝溶液在紫外灯辐射下最佳的浓度为5 mg/L,催化剂用量为110 mg/L,溶液酸度为pH2;在不改变溶液酸度的情况下,外加氧化剂H2O2能够显著加速亚甲基蓝的催化降解效果。     

WO3/TiO2降解亚甲基蓝的光催化性能研究

以钨酸铵、钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO_2粉末,采用浸渍法制备了WO_3/TiO_2催化剂。以亚甲基蓝模拟有机污染物,考察了溶液起始浓度、催化剂投加量、催化反应时间、反应温度等对光催化剂的影响。实验结果表明:经WO_3先改性后焙烧的TiO_2催化剂在适宜的条件下亚甲基蓝降解率可达到83.88%。     

印染污泥水热减量及产物作为类芬顿催化剂研究

采用水热法处理印染污泥,并将产物作为类芬顿催化剂处理质量浓度50 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液。结果表明,当水热温度220℃、水热时间4 h、NaOH投加量0.16 g/g时,污泥减量效果为佳,其干基减量率达到55%,而总减量率达到81%。水热炭能有效催化H_2O_2氧化降解亚甲基蓝。优化反应条件:水热炭投加量0.8 g/L,H_2O_2投加量0.8 mL/L,溶液pH为3,反应0.5 h后基本达到平衡,对亚甲基蓝的去除率高达98%。污泥在水热过程中,部分Fe~(3+)被还原为Fe~(2+),主要以Fe(OH)_2的形式存在。水热炭具有磁性,可以通过磁体对其进行回收,实现了资源的最大化利用。     

改性沸石负载Fe_3O_4催化H_2O_2去除亚甲基蓝染料废水

利用改性沸石负载Fe_3O_4活化H_2O_2非均相Fenton体系氧化降解有机污染物亚甲基蓝。考察了催化剂改性沸石负载Fe_3O_4投加量、溶液初始pH和H_2O_2初始浓度对亚甲基蓝降解效果的影响,进而讨论Fe_3O_4/改性沸石-H_2O_2非均相Fenton体系的催化机理。结果表明,当催化剂投加量为2.40 g/L,初始溶液pH为5.33,H_2O_2浓度为5.93 mmol/L时,反应30 min后,9.60 mol/L的亚甲基蓝去除率可达到98.52%。通过自由基捕获剂抗坏血酸和羟基自由基捕获剂甲醇,证明了Fe_3O_4/改性沸石-H_2O_2体系的氧化物种为羟基自由基和过氧自由基。     

改性沸石负载Fe_3O_4催化H_2O_2去除亚甲基蓝染料废水

利用改性沸石负载Fe_3O_4活化H_2O_2非均相Fenton体系氧化降解有机污染物亚甲基蓝。考察了催化剂改性沸石负载Fe_3O_4投加量、溶液初始pH和H_2O_2初始浓度对亚甲基蓝降解效果的影响,进而讨论Fe_3O_4/改性沸石-H_2O_2非均相Fenton体系的催化机理。结果表明,当催化剂投加量为2.40 g/L,初始溶液pH为5.33,H_2O_2浓度为5.93 mmol/L时,反应30 min后,9.60 mol/L的亚甲基蓝去除率可达到98.52%。通过自由基捕获剂抗坏血酸和羟基自由基捕获剂甲醇,证明了Fe_3O_4/改性沸石-H_2O_2体系的氧化物种为羟基自由基和过氧自由基。     

非均相 Fenton催化剂Fe3O4降解亚甲基蓝

采用水热法合成磁性Fe3O4纳米微球,将其作为催化剂与H2O2组成非均相Fenton体系降解亚甲基蓝（MB）,并对Fe3O4纳米颗粒进行了TEM、XRD表征。对初始pH值、H2O2投加量、Fe3O4投加量等条件进行了试验,考察了催化剂的重复利用性能。结果表明：pH值为3、H2O2浓度为0.4 mL/L、催化剂投加量为1.2 g/L、反应温度T=30 ℃、振荡速度为150 r/min时降解效果最好,反应2 h后MB（150 mg/L）降解率为99.6%,催化剂重复利用3次降解效果仍良好。     

石油焦基活性炭/二氧化钛复合型光催化剂污水处理性能的研究

以高比表面积石油焦基活性炭为载体,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛(TiO_2)负载型光催化剂,并探讨其对亚甲基蓝光催化降解性能。使用XRD、SEM、BET、TEM及EDS等检测手段,对催化剂表面形态进行表征。通过考察不同负载量、煅烧温度、升温速率、煅烧时间、固液比及亚甲基蓝浓度等因素对亚甲基蓝降解性能的影响,结果表明:所制备的负载型光催化剂,Ti O_2颗粒能均匀地分散在活性炭表面,颗粒尺寸在10 nm左右,对亚甲基蓝具有较好的降解作用。在活性炭负载量6%、煅烧温度350℃、煅烧时间2 h、升温速率15℃/min、固液比0.5 g/L条件下制备的负载型催化剂,对浓度为10.44 mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液,其降解率可达99%以上。对降解过程进行动力学模拟分析,该催化剂对亚甲基蓝催化降解过程符合准二级动力学模型,反应速率常数k为6.76 L/(g·min)。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.