森林火灾无线监测预警系统的设计与实现

针对传统森林火灾监测措施实时性差、实际应用受限的问题,利用无线传感网络技术,构建了基于ZigBee和GPRS的森林火灾监测预警系统.介绍了系统的结构,给出了主要功能模块的硬件设计方法和ZigBee无线传感网络中各功能节点的软件设计.同时,对传统的无线传感网的自组网方案进行了改进,并在分布式组网方案基础上实现了ZigBee无线传感网络节点的分簇置放.实践证明,该系统实现了森林火灾监测和预警的功能,提高了系统中数据传输的实时性、可靠性以及系统的可扩展性.     

森林火灾远程监测及移动预警系统

针对目前林火监测技术存在的不足,提出并实现一种基于无线传感器网络、GPRS和J2ME技术的森林火灾远程监测及移动预警系统,给出系统架构及实现方案.实验测试表明,系统性能稳定,节点的灵敏度和网络传输达到理想效果,实现了实时监测和移动预警,对林火监测提供了有益的思路.     

A survey of game-theoretic approaches in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) comprising of tiny, power-constrained nodes are gaining popularity due to their potential for use in a wide variety of environments like monitoring of environmental attributes, intrusion detection, and various military and civilian applications. While the sensing objectives of these environments are unique and application-dependent, a common performance criteria for wireless sensor networks is prolonging network lifetime while satisfying coverage and connectivity in the deployment region. Security is another important performance parameter in wireless sensor networks, where adverse and remote environments pose various kinds of threats to reliable network operation. In this paper, we look at the problems of security and energy efficiency and different formulations of these problems based on the approach of game theory. The potential applicability of WSNs to intruder detection environments also lends itself to game-theoretic formulation of these environments, where pursuit-evasion games provide a relevant framework to model detection, tracking and surveillance applications.The suitability of using game theory to study security and energy efficiency problems and pursuit-evasion scenarios using WSNs stems from the nature of strategic interactions between nodes. Approaches from game theory can be used to optimize node-level as well as network-wide performance by exploiting the distributed decision-making capabilities of WSNs. The use of game theory has proliferated, with a wide range of applications in wireless sensor networking. In the wake of this proliferation, we survey the use of game-theoretic approaches to formulate problems related to security and energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks.     

一种用于森林防火的无线传感器网络定位算法

利用无线传感器网络进行森林火灾预警和火灾现场定位可以有效预防火灾发生或在其发生后尽早得知其位置.提出了一种基于分簇的DPE定位算法,该算法根据DPE算法的递增思想进行分簇,并同步进行节点定位,从而提高系统定位的准确度和网络的可扩展性以及实时性.仿真结果表明:在允许定位误差小于5 m时,节点定位的准确率可达97%.     

Satellite-based forest fire detection for fire control in boreal forests

Forest fires in large sparsely populated areas in the boreal forest zone are difficult to detect by ground based means. Satellites can be a viable source of information to augment air-borne reconnaissance. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor aboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites has been used to detect and map fires in the past mainly in the tropics and mainly for environmental monitoring purposes. This article describes real-time forest fire detection where the aim is to inform local fire authorities on the fire. The fire detection is based on the 3.7 mu m channel of the NOAA AVHRR sensor. In the fire detection algorithm, imaging geometry is taken into account in addition to the data from the near-infrared and thermal infrared channels. In an experiment in summer 1995, 16 fires were detected in Finland. One was a forest fire, 11 were prescribed burnings and 4 false alarms. Three of the false alarms were due to steel factories. We conclude that satellite-based fire detection for fire control is feasible in the boreal forest zone if the continuous supply of frequent middle-infrared data can be guaranteed in the future.     

基于数据融合的无线传感器网络林火监控算法

针对无线传感器网络在林火监控应用中存在的问题,提出了一种分层聚簇数据融合算法。簇内传感器节点使用加权平均法对原始数据进行数据级融合处理,以消除原始数据中的冗余成分,减少从簇内传感器节点到簇头节点的通信量;簇头节点采用D-S证据理论建立识别框架,通过对本簇成员的反馈信号进行决策级融合处理,提高了火灾事件的识别精度和网络的鲁棒性。实验结果表明,该算法能有效消除无线传感器网络的冗余数据,并能够在失效节点数不超过总节点数40%的情况下正确工作。     

节能无线传感网络系统设计

Wireless sensor networks have already enabled numerous embedded wireless applications such as military, environmental monitoring, intelligent building, etc. Because micro-sensor nodes are supposed to operate for months or even years with very limited battery power source, it is a challenge for researchers to obtain long operating hour without scarifying original system performances. In this paper, the energy consumption sources of the wireless sensor networks are firstly analyzed, with the digital processing and radio transceiver units being emphasized. Then, we introduce the design scheme of our energy-aware wireless sensor network (GAINS). In GAINS, techniques to conserve the energy are exploited including the energy optimization node, software and energy-efficient communication protocol. The design architecture of our ultra low power wireless sensor network (WO-LPP) is specially presented.     

无线传感器网络在森林监测中的应用

为改善现有森林监测防护方式的不足,引入无线传感器网络(WSN)技术,提出了一种基于ZigBee的WSN的森林监测系统解决方案。结合网络拓扑、节省能耗和稳定可靠等三方面的分析,给出了适合森林监测的传感器网络节点的硬件设计和网络协议,实现对森林环境的有效监控。     

基于ZigBee的森林火灾监控报警系统

为实现低成本森林远程火灾自动报警,设计了一套基于ZigBee、GPRS和太阳能光伏的森林火灾监控报警系统。以CC2430为节点控制传感器采集图像和数据,本地通信时,数据通过ZigBee无线传感网络实现整片森林之间的通信,ZigBee节点间采用网状网络的自组网方式;远程通信时,协调器将处理好的数据通过GPRS技术传到监控中心以实现数据的显示和存储等;出现异常情况时,监控中心开启自动报警系统。系统采用太阳能供电,节约能源、减少布线。实验结果表明,该系统能够快速准确监控远程实时状况,并控制远程协调器,实现自动监控、报警功能,具有广泛的应用前景。     

基于无线传感器网络的大型场所火情检测与定位算法

针对商场等大型场所火灾监控存在的火情态势估计不明、监控节点孤立、预警准确率低、火源定位不准确等问题,提出一种基于 无线传感器网络的大型场所火灾检测与定位算法。采用人工神经网络对火灾检测节点数据进行学习训练和火情估计,并经过模糊推理决策,给出火灾报警信息。利用受限空间烟雾扩散模型、气体温度扩散模型实现火源定位,并准确估计火情,以提供消防人员灭火决策。从单节点神经网络火灾报警仿真实验得出单节点火灾检测概率较高,同时从多节点火情定位实验得出,火情的覆盖范围描绘准确,火源定位精度较好。理论分析和实验结果表明火灾检测和定位算法是可行的。     

基于视频的嵌入式森林火灾预警系统

针对目前我国森林火情远程监控中长时间不间断监测、建设成本高的不足,提出了一种基于视频的嵌入式森林火灾监测和报警的系统。嵌入式处理器对安插在森林监测点摄像头采集到的视频图像,通过昼间或夜间火情识别算法进行智能处理,当潜在异常确认为异常发生时,通过无线网络将火情信息传送到监控中心,交由工作人员做进一步处理,避免了长时间不间断监控。与现有其他同类系统的比较表明：该系统对于我国森林火情监测有较大的实用价值。     

粗糙集在无线传感网络中的智能信息处理研究

针对无线传感器网络中不精确、不确定数据问题,提出了将信息处理和粗糙集技术融为一体的新研究思路,并基于分层簇结构给出了一种层次型智能信息处理方法.无线传感器网络实时森林火灾监测的示例与分析表明,该方法在实际应用中,通过从三个层次进行知识约简等智能数据分析,挖掘实用决策规则,使传感器节点仅自动获取和传送有效的最小数据集信息,实现了智能信息处理、能量消耗和系统性能之间的平衡.     

楼字中火灾监测无线传感节点覆盖算法研究

该文介绍了无线传感网络在智能楼宇中的应用,详细分析了基于无线传感网络的楼宇火灾监测预警系统的系统结构,并从数学角度论证了一种在楼宇环境内应用的无线传感网络节点高效覆盖算法,有效地解决了冗余覆盖问题。     

A Methodology for Reliability of WSN Based on Software Defined Network in Adaptive Industrial Environment

As communication technology and smart manufacturing have developed, the industrial internet of things (IIoT) has gained considerable attention from academia and industry. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have many advantages with broad applications in many areas including environmental monitoring, which makes it a very important part of IIoT. However, energy depletion and hardware malfunctions can lead to node failures in WSNs. The industrial environment can also impact the wireless channel transmission, leading to network reliability problems, even with tightly coupled control and data planes in traditional networks, which obviously also enhances network management cost and complexity. In this paper, we introduce a new software defined network (SDN), and modify this network to propose a framework called the improved software defined wireless sensor network (improved SD-WSN). This proposed framework can address the following issues. 1) For a large scale heterogeneous network, it solves the problem of network management and smooth merging of a WSN into IIoT. 2) The network coverage problem is solved which improves the network reliability. 3) The framework addresses node failure due to various problems, particularly related to energy consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the reliability of wireless sensor networks, by developing certain schemes to reduce energy consumption and the delay time of network nodes under IIoT conditions. Experiments have shown that the improved approach significantly reduces the energy consumption of nodes and the delay time, thus improving the reliability of WSN.      

无线传感器网络入侵检测系统研究综述

目前,无线传感器网络在智能环境检测,灾难控制,战场侦察,安全监视方面取得了日益广泛的应用,引起人们日益关注,无线传感器网络的安全问题越来越显得重要。论文首先介绍了入侵及入侵检测,然后分析了无线传感器网络入侵检测系统及其分类,主要研究分析目前的无线传感器网络入侵检测技术及其各自的优缺点。最后提出了无线传感器网络入侵检测技术可能的发展方向。     

粗糙集在无线传感网络中的智能信息处理研究*

针对无线传感器网络中不精确、不确定数据问题,提出了将信息处理和粗糙集技术融为一体的新研究思路,并基于分层簇结构给出了一种层次型智能信息处理方法。无线传感器网络实时森林火灾监测的示例与分析表明,该方法在实际应用中,通过从三个层次进行知识约简等智能数据分析,挖掘实用决策规则,使传感器节点仅自动获取和传送有效的最小数据集信息,实现了智能信息处理、能量消耗和系统性能之间的平衡。     

基于无线传感器网络的大型场所火情检测与定位算法

针对商场等大型场所火灾监控存在的火情态势估计不明、监控节点孤立、预警准确率低、火源定位不准确等问题,提出一种基于无线传感器网络的大型场所火灾检测与定位算法。采用人工神经网络对火灾检测节点数据进行学习训练和火情估计,并经过模糊推理决策,给出火灾报警信息。利用受限空间烟雾扩散模型、气体温度扩散模型实现火源定位,并准确估计火情,以提供消防人员灭火决策。从单节点神经网络火灾报警仿真实验得出单节点火灾检测概率较高,同时从多节点火情定位实验得出,火情的覆盖范围描绘准确,火源定位精度较好。理论分析和实验结果表明火灾检测和定位算法是可行的。     

采用自供电无线传感网络的电线安全监测系统

电线故障会引起火灾,对电线温度、电流进行在线监测能预防事故发生。设计了采用自供电无线传感网络的电线安全监测系统,系统由传感节点、中继节点、路由节点、服务器和客户端组成。采用自供电技术解决无线传感网络监测系统中传感节点不能持续供能的问题,对传感节点工作状态进行控制以降低传感节点能耗,传感节点具有体积小、能耗低、不用更换电池等特点。分析自供电条件下,无线传感网络的网络结构,引入中继节点,延伸通信距离。将系统用于电线安全监测,该系统通信可靠、工作时间长、数据实时、人机操作方便,为电线安全的监测提供了技术支持。     

能量获取型传感网络技术在水利监测中的应用探讨

由于传统基于电池供电的无线传感网络的能量受限,制约该技术在水利监测方面的大范围应用,而能量获取型无线传感网络技术是实现长期、大范围、持续性信息化监测的关键技术。分析当前水利监测网络架构及发展趋势,阐述水利监测应用面临的新问题,分析能量获取型传感网络技术研究进展,对能量获取型传感网络技术在水利监测中的应用前景进行探讨,得出能量获取型传感网络在监测周期和效用方面较传统传感网络的技术优势,并给出具体的应用需求场景及未来进一步需要研究的技术内容,为其应用部署提供理论参考。     

遗传算法在电力传输温度监测系统中的应用*

电力传输系统中常常会发生高压电接点过热而造成的停电火灾事故,造成巨大的经济损失。将无线传感网络应用到高压电接点的温度监测系统中,当高压电接点温度过高时及时发出报警信息。针对无线传感网络的能量限制问题,采用改进后的遗传算法对网络中无线温度传感器节点进行能量上的优化,使整个无限传感网络能量的消耗趋于最优。MATLAB仿真结果表明：改进后的遗传算法有更好的寻优效果,克服了局部最优的误区,保证了电力传输过程中无线温度监测系统的能量优化。