常压吸附流化冷冻干燥过程的理论分析

为探索节能型的冷冻干燥方式,进行了在常压下利用流化床中吸附剂吸附水分同时放出热量实现冷冻干燥的研究。以粒状物料为例,建立了球坐标下常压冷冻干燥的传热过程理论模型,计算了物料干燥过程中的温度和升华界面的移动距离,并对床温、物料尺寸和吸附剂粒径等影响因素进行了理论分析。实验测量了物料内的温度分布变化,验证了数学模型的可靠性。结果表明,通过适当提高床温、采用小尺寸物料和吸附剂,可以提高干燥速率。     

常压吸附流化冷冻干燥过程的理论分析

为探索节能型的冷冻干燥方式,进行了在常压下利用流化床中吸附剂吸附水分同时放出热量实现冷冻干燥的研究.以粒状物料为例,建立了球坐标下常压冷冻干燥的传热过程理论模型,计算了物料干燥过程中的温度和升华界面的移动距离,并对床温、物料尺寸和吸附剂粒径等影响因素进行了理论分析.实验测量了物料内的温度分布变化,验证了数学模型的可靠性.结果表明,通过适当提高床温、采用小尺寸物料和吸附剂,可以提高干燥速率.     

非挥发性组分对真空冷冻干燥过程的影响

对纯水和ＮａＣｌ溶液在砂床中冷冻干燥的特性进行了实验研究,分析了冻干过程中砂床温度的分布特性,研究了在不同颗粒尺寸砂床中,溶液浓度对干燥时间的影响和干燥后非挥发性质砂床中的分布。     

苹果冷冻干燥过程的优化及最佳工艺条件的确定

对苹果进行了冷冻干燥实验,确定了苹果片冻干工艺条件,计算了冻结时间,建立了苹果片冻干的传热传质模型,由模型计算出不同厚度物料的理论干燥时间,并与实验值进行了比较．探讨了冻结速率、物料温度、干燥室及捕水器温度、压强对冷冻干燥过程及制品质量的影响．苹果冷冻干燥的适宜工艺参数为冻结温度-35℃,冻结时间1h,升华干燥时干燥仓压强70-90Pa,解吸干燥时干燥仓压强20-30Pa,解吸干燥时物料温度50-60℃．     

胡萝卜冷冻干燥过程的优化及最佳工艺条件的确立

对胡萝卜进行了冷冻干燥实验，确定了胡萝卜条冻干工艺条件，计算了冻结终点温度、冻结时间、物料厚度，建立了胡萝卜爷冻干的传热传质模型，由模型计算出理论干燥时间，并与实验值进行了比较．探讨了冻结速率、升华温度、干燥室及捕水器温度、压强对干燥时间的影响．胡萝卜条冷冻干燥的适宜工艺参数为冻结时间1h，物料厚度15mm，干燥室真空度60Pa，捕水器压强45Pa，温度-50～-40℃，总干燥时间5h．     

柠檬片真空冷冻干燥工艺优化研究

以柠檬为原料,研究柠檬片真空冷冻干燥工艺技术,确定最佳工艺参数和加工工艺,为柠檬加工生产实践提供参考依据。通过单因素实验和正交实验设计,以冻干速率作为考察指标,研究了加热温度、物料厚度、压力(真空度)对真空冷冻干燥速率的影响。实验表明,对冻干柠檬干燥速率的影响主次顺序为加热温度、压力(真空度)、物料厚度,最佳工艺条件分别为:加热温度50℃、压力(真空度)60Pa、物料厚度5mm,在此干燥工艺条件下,产品在色泽等方面保持较好。     

蜂王浆微波冷冻干燥特性的实验研究

对蜂王浆进行了微波冷冻干燥的实验研究,获得蜂王浆冻干过程中温度的变化规律和相应的干燥特性曲线;研究了样品厚度、电场强度和真空度对干燥过程的影响．实验结果表明,微波冷冻干燥具有干燥时间短,干燥质量高的优点,可在干燥行业中推广使用．     

真空冷冻干燥蕨菜工艺的研究

以新鲜山野菜蕨菜为代表原料，采用真空冷冻干燥工艺对其进行保鲜．采用对比实验和正交试验的方法确定了在冻干蕨菜的护色工艺参数、冻干物料的厚度、预冻结温度等主要参数，并对比了恒压法和循环压力法冻干蕨菜的工艺路线，通过冻干曲线扣相关数据分析确定最佳的冻干工艺路线，保证了冻干产品的质量，提高冻干设备的利用率，降低了山野菜的冻干成本．     

香菇冻干工艺参数的优化

以新鲜香菇为实验材料,测定其共晶点和共熔点。以JDG-0．2新型冻干机为基础,对香菇真空冷冻干燥工艺进行研究。通过理论分析与试验研究确定物料厚度、预冻速率、干燥仓压力和加热板温度为影响香菇真空冷冻干燥试验的主要因素。通过单因素实验以及4因素5水平的二次回归正交试验确定各因素的取值范围,分析了各因素对干燥时间的影响大小为：预冻速度〉干燥仓压力〉物料厚度〉加热板温度。最后对工艺参数优化处理,得到了最佳工艺条件：干燥仓压力61．8Pa,加热板温度61．7℃,预冻速度2．58℃／min,物料厚度6．78mm。冻干时间7．27h。     

初始非饱和多孔物料对冷冻干燥影响理论分析

为提高过程的经济性,提出了液体物料初始非饱和冷冻干燥的技术思想.推导了冷冻干燥质、热耦合传递模型,模型采用了新的吸附-解吸平衡关系,并考虑了吸湿效应.控制方程用有限容积法进行数值求解.待干水溶液中的溶质选用典型的药物赋形剂———甘露醇.结果表明,初始非饱和多孔物料能够显著减少干燥时间,达到强化冷冻干燥的目的.随初始孔隙率ε0(1-S0)的不断增大,干燥时间逐渐缩短;在物料初始饱和度S0为0.30~0.35时,干燥时间达到最短.依据干燥过程中饱和度和温度的分布,分析了物料内部质、热传递机理和干燥速率控制因素.对有效质量扩散系数KS和有效导热系数λ+KTΔH的分析显示,随着冷冻干燥的进行,物料瞬时孔隙率ε0(1-S)不断增大,过程将由传质控制逐渐变为传热控制.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.