溴素的有机化学——Ⅶ.2，2—双（溴甲基）—1，3—丙二醇和多溴代酚的环状

由2，2－双（羟甲基）－1，3－丙二醇开始，经溴ZA人，磷酰氯化，和酰基化等步骤，合成三种新的2，2－双（溴甲基）－1，3－丙二醇和多溴代酚的环状磷酸酯，即：5，5－双（溴甲基）－1，3－二氧－2－磷酰基－2－（2，4，6－三溴苯氧基）环乙烷；5，5－双（溴甲基）－1，3－二氧－2－磷酰基－2－（2，3，4，5，6－五溴苯氧基）环乙烷；双[5，5－双（溴甲基）－1，3－二氧－2－磷酰基]－2－（2，3，5，6－四溴苯氧基）环乙烷。通过对产物元素分析，IR和质子NMR测定，对其结构进行了鉴定。     

4-苯基-4-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-3-丁烯-2-酮及其衍生物的合成

4－苯基－4－（1，2，4－三唑－1－基）－3－丁烯－2－酮可由3－溴－4－氯－4－苯基－2－丁酮在碱性条件下与1，2，4－三唑反应以71．4％的产率制得。其反应机理由实验和质谱证明是一个先消除氯化氢的三步反应过程，制备出了其衍生物4－苯基－4－（1，2，4－三唑－1－基）－3－丁烯－2－醇和和4－苯基－4－（1，2，4－三唑－1－基）－2－甲氧基－3－丁烯。测试结果表明，这些化合物具有较好的杀菌活性。     

氧气液相催化氧化4—硝基甲苯—2—碘酸制取4，4，‘—二硝基二苯乙烯—2，2’—二磺酸反应机理初探

探讨了在温和条件下在碱的水溶液中氧气液相氧化4－硝基甲苯－2－磺酸制取4，4'-二硝基二苯乙烯－2，2'－二磺酸的反应机理，发现4－硝基甲苯－2－磺酸在碱作用下发生离子化生成4－硝基－2－磺酸基苄基阴离子，然后被活化的分子氧氧化成4－硝基－2－磺酸基苄基自由基是反应的关键步骤，金属酞菁催化剂的作用是活化分子氧并促使4－硝基－2－磺酸基苄基阴离子氧化成4－硝基－2－磺酸基苄基自由基和催化4－硝基－2－磺酸基苄基氢过氧化物分解生成4－硝基－2－磺酸基苄基自由基，最终生成4，4'－二硝基二苯乙烯－2，2'－二磺酸。     

2,2''-位置上带有不同取代基的联萘化合物的合成及应用

概述了2，2‘-位置上带有不同取代基的1，1‘联萘化合物，如2－氨基－2‘-羟基－1，1‘-联萘、2－羟基－2‘-巯基－1，1‘-联萘和2－氨基－2‘-巯基－1，1‘-联萘的制备及在不对称合成中的应用研究进展。     

丙烯胺与一些酮和芳香醛的反应

研究了环已酮、苯乙酮、4－（N，N－二甲基氨基）苯甲醛与丙烯胺的反应，反应生成N－甲亚基－2－丙烯－1－胺类化合物（2a、2b、2c），2c在二甲亚砜溶液中，叔丁醇钾催化下反应生成N－（4－N′，N′－二甲基氨基）苯甲亚基－1－丙烯－1－胺3c。     

含C=C双键的前手性底物:α-乙酰氨基芳基丙烯酸类化合物的合成方法研究

以乙酰甘氨酸和苯甲醛及其衍生物为原料，合成了一系列含C=C双键的α－氨基酸衍生物：（Z）－2－乙酰氨基苯丙烯酸，（Z）－2－乙酰氨基－（4－甲氧基苯）丙烯酸，（Z）－2－乙酰氨基－（4－氯苯基）丙烯酸，（Z）－2－乙酰氨基－（3－氯苯基）丙烯酸及（Z）－2－乙酰氨基－（3－硝基苯）丙烯酸。各产物的结构均经NMR、MS确证，反应路线简单可行。     

2-(2'',6''-二甲基苯胺基)丙腈的制备工艺研究

研究了用α－羟基丙腈与2，6－二甲基苯胺在PH＝5－7T 70－100℃条件下制备得到2－（2'，6'－二甲基苯胺基）丙腈，并考察了α羟基丙腈及2－（2'，6'－二甲基苯胺基）丙腈的稳定性，以及在制备中存在的化学平衡。     

a—炔醇的合成及性质

报道了在低温条件下，以邻二酮和a－环烯酮为原料与炔钠反应，合成了2，3，4，5－四甲基－1－乙炔基－2－烯－环戊醇、1，2－二苯基－2－羟基－3－丁炔－1－酮、3，4－二苯基－1，5－已二炔－3，4－二醇和3，4－二苯基－3－环戊烯－1－酮4种化合物。通过元素分析、^1HNMR和IR等手段对3种新的a－炔醇及一种双键迁移产物的结构进行了 表征，并对双键迁移反应机理及性质进行了研究。     

7β-(1-芳基-5-甲基-1,2,3-三唑-4-甲酰胺基)-3-(2-芳胺基-1,3,4-噻二唑-5-硫亚甲基)头孢菌素衍生物的半合成和抗菌活性

通过2－芳胺基－1，3，4－噻二唑－5－硫醇1a,1b和头孢菌素母体7－ACA的亲核取代反应，先制得头孢菌素新母体1a,1b,用1－芳基－5－甲基－1，2，3－三唑－4－甲酰氯3a,3b与2a,2b缩合，制得头孢菌素新衍生物4a,4b。初步体外抗菌试验结果表明，所合成的头孢菌素衍生物4a,4b对革兰氏阳性菌显示出中等程度的抑制活性。     

8—羟基喹啉衍生物的合成

2－甲基－8－羟基喹啉通过氯甲基化反应合成了2－甲基－5－氯甲基－8－羟基喹啉，收率65％。8－羟基喹啉通过先溴化生成5，7－二溴－8羟基喹啉，再与丁基锂作用生碾主基锂，然后与亲电试剂环氧乙烷或N，N－二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）分别作用合成了5－（2－羟乙基）－7－溴－8羟基喹啉，收率分别为70％和66％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.