贾兰坡:走向人类祖先的奋斗者

1908年,时值20世纪之初,统治中国200多年的满清王朝已是气数将尽,风雨飘摇。这年的11月25日,河北省玉田县城北约7公里的穷山村——邢家坞,一户贫苦村民——贾连弟家,降生了一个男孩。那时谁也不会想到这个穷山村会飞出“金凤凰”,那位农家子弟会在世纪之末成为我国荣膺三项“院士”桂冠的著名古人类学家、旧石器考古学家。他     

六朝法帖词语小释

一、穷六朝法帖中,“穷”有“哀愁”、“悲痛”义。王羲之《杂帖》云:“念足下穷思兼至,不可居处”,又云:“汝尚小,愁思兼至,不可居处!”“穷”、“愁”互文。羲之《杂帖》:“念足下穷思深至,不可居忍”,梁王筠《寒凝帖》云,“哀慕深至,不可任!”“穷思”与“哀慕”互文。     

戴震理欲观的得与失

戴震打着孔孟大旗 ,抓住“理欲之辨” ,痛击程朱理学 ,创造性地提出欲可节、不可穷 ,理在欲中 ,以理节欲的思想 ,从而把必然与自然、理与欲统一起来 ,影响可谓深远。但戴震的“天下人心所同然”之理是没有的 ,这是他的历史局限性所致     

“红包”效应

一阔经理对一穷厂工程师附耳曰:“到我公司来吧,我那里每年单讲红包就有五位数！”穷厂工程师初听眼睛确实亮了一阵,可是他细细想过之后,还是回他的穷厂干他没红包的工作去了,而且越干越欢。阔经理火了,背地里说穷厂工程师愚蠢,不识抬举。 阔经理认为手里“红包”一甩,人才就会招之即来。仔细琢磨,这想法似乎对,又不对。说他对,因为钱是人们     

“时穷节乃见,一一垂丹青”——从《正气歌》看文天祥的民族气节

文天祥是我国历史上杰出的爱国民族英雄 ,著名的文学家、诗人。他的诗歌是他战斗生活的记录和爱国精神的自然流露 ,尤其是那千古传诵的五言长诗《正气歌》 ,更是气壮山河 ,感人至深。试从“道义为之根”、“时穷节乃见”和“典型在夙昔”等三个方面来论述其“富贵不能淫、贫贱不能移、威武不能屈”的民族气节的形成、表现及其深远的历史意义和现实意义。     

略论词的本义推求

各个层次的高等学校的文科类,几乎没有不开《古代汉语》的,学习古汉语,主要困难不在虚词,也不在语法,而在实词,可见研讨有关古汉语实词的学习,是切中实际需要的。 古汉语的词以单音节为主,一个字就是一个词,词的内涵比较丰富,同一个词在不同的语言环境中可以有不同的意义。如《滕王阁序》同一段中的“岂效穷逮之哭”和“穷且益坚,不坠青云之志”,这两个“穷”字便意义有别,前一个“穷”字指“道路阻塞不通”,后一个指不得仕进,不能显达”,意义较虚,那么《桃花源记》“欲穷其林”中的“穷”与前面两个“穷”字意义就相去更大,词性也不同了,动词带宾语,意思是“寻找     

老子"反"之道平议

“反”是《老子》一书中的重要概念。作为“道”之“反”,具有“相反相成”、“物极必反”、“循环往复”三种含义。老子的“反”之道的表达方式可以概括为：以不为为,以不争争,以不先先……这种“反”之道,为人们开拓了更为广阔的生活、生存之道。由此看来,老子的“无为而无不为”恰恰揭示了他的生命哲学、生存哲学的特质：谦下、守弱的“无为”与居上、刚强的“无不为”合二为一。这既表现了老子哲学所包含的大智慧,又反映了老子哲学所隐含的权术和阴谋。     

"濂溪"名之缘由

历史上大多数文人都认为周敦颐自名“濂溪”,是因为他家乡有一条小溪叫“濂溪”,自名之用意是为了表示不忘家乡。这是一个误说。周敦颐家乡故居前的小溪以前不是叫“濂溪”,而是“营水”或“营江”;“濂”字是周敦颐仿元结自造专用字;他取“濂”字是为了“自箴”,而不是宋度正说的“志乡关在目中”之意。度正的《周敦颐年谱》有误。     

"经""史"之别:王闿运对《春秋》的基本态度

“经”、“史”之别是王闿运《春秋》学的一个基本概念。他认定《春秋》及《公羊传》、《梁传》是“经”不是“史”,在“义”不在“事”,而《左传》为记事之书。在此前提下,王运展开了对《春秋》学的研究,沿着公羊家之“义例”解经风格,努力阐释经典之微言大义,以达通经致用之目的。     

徐玉诺诗中的"她"意象

徐玉诺“月亮女神”型的诗歌散发着“爱”和“美”的梦幻、浪漫气息,游离于文学研究会倡导的写实风格之外。诗人称自已有一颗“遇见悲哀便美化了的心”,但与王统照、谢冰心对“爱”和“美”的玄想相比,他笔下的“爱”与“美”浸透着更多的苦涩意味。诗文中的“她”意象则是诗人将悲哀愁苦之情美化、浪漫化的载体。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.