CO32--HCO3-溶液中X80管线钢焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂分析

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)、扫描电镜(SEM)观察研究了国产X80管线钢焊接接头在 0.5 mol/L Na2CO3 1 mol/L NaHCO3 溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感性.结果表明,拉伸试样全部断裂在焊缝或热影响区.在所研究的电位区间,拉伸试样随着外加电位正向增加,断面收缩率、断裂时间和断后伸长率增加,而断口部位的裂纹平均扩展速率减小,SCC敏感性降低.试样断口形貌在阴极电位条件下呈准解理断裂,在自腐蚀电位和阳极电位条件下,焊缝试样断口主要是韧性断裂.应力腐蚀机理可以用阳极溶解理论和氢致破裂来解释.     

库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中X80钢焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂行为

利用动电位扫描技术和慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中不同外加阴极电位下X80管线钢焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为。结果表明:阴极电位对X80钢焊接接头处的SCC敏感性影响较为明显。拉伸试样全部断裂在焊缝或热影响区。在Ecorr下,金属表面裂纹萌生于点蚀坑,试样开裂为阳极溶解机制。当外加电位为-800 m V至-900 m V时,金属处于阴极保护电位区,此时金属的SCC敏感性较低,其开裂机制为阳极溶解和氢致开裂混合机制。当外加电位小于等于-950 m V时,外加电位越低,材料的SCC敏感性越大,此时金属SCC行为表现为氢脆机制。     

CO_3~(2-)-HCO_3~-溶液中X80管线钢焊接接头的应力腐蚀开裂分析

采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)、扫描电镜(SEM)观察研究了国产X80管线钢焊接接头在0.5mol/LNa2CO3 1mol/LNaHCO3溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)敏感性。结果表明,拉伸试样全部断裂在焊缝或热影响区。在所研究的电位区间,拉伸试样随着外加电位正向增加,断面收缩率、断裂时间和断后伸长率增加,而断口部位的裂纹平均扩展速率减小,SCC敏感性降低。试样断口形貌在阴极电位条件下呈准解理断裂,在自腐蚀电位和阳极电位条件下,焊缝试样断口主要是韧性断裂。应力腐蚀机理可以用阳极溶解理论和氢致破裂来解释。     

管线钢焊接接头H2S应力腐蚀试验分析

采用楔形张开加载(WOL)试样,对X56、X65管线钢不同焊接工艺下焊接接头的焊缝金属和热影响区在H2S介质中的抗应力腐蚀性能进行了试验研究.结果表明,全部平行试样都发生了少量的裂纹扩展,当应力强度因子K达到临界值(KISCC),裂纹不再扩展.在文中采用的焊接工艺下制备的X56钢和X65钢焊接接头,热影响区的抗H2S应力腐蚀性能略强于焊缝金属,且焊缝金属和热影响区性能均低于文献中介绍的母材性能,可以认为是焊缝金属和热影响区粗晶区的晶粒粗化、焊接缺陷、焊接残余应力和焊缝的高匹配等因素造成的.     

X80管线钢在NS4溶液中的应力腐蚀行为

采用电化学试验和慢应变速率试验研究了X80螺旋埋弧焊钢管母材和焊接接头在NS4溶液中的电化学腐蚀与应力腐蚀行为。结果表明:在NS4溶液中,X80螺旋埋弧焊钢管母材的自腐蚀电位高于焊缝的,母材的自腐蚀电流密度低于焊缝的,母材的耐蚀性好于焊缝的;母材对应力腐蚀开裂不敏感,而焊接接头呈现出一定的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,但并不十分显著。     

应变速率对DP780钢激光焊接接头动态变形行为的影响

研究了应变速率对DP780钢激光焊接接头的拉伸性能及变形行为的影响规律和机制.结果表明,与母材相比,DP780钢激光焊接接头的变形行为对应变速率更敏感.随应变速率的增加,DP780钢激光焊接接头的强度提高,塑性呈现整体下降趋势.在较低应变速率(10~(-1)s~(-1))条件下,随应变速率增加,焊接接头的强度有所提高,但变化幅度不大,塑性降低较明显;当应变速率超过10~1s~(-1)后,强度的提高幅度增大,而塑性在应变速率10~1—10~2 s~(-1)范围内有所恢复后再降低.DP780钢激光焊接接头拉伸变形过程中宏观力学行为的应变速率敏感性主要取决于DP780钢母材在不同应变速率下变形行为及机制的改变.随应变速率的增加,DP780钢激光焊接接头断裂位置距焊缝中心线的距离显著降低,断裂位置由母材区转移至热影响区的软化区.动态载荷下,DP780钢激光焊接接头不同区域组织塑性变形行为应变速率依存性存在差异,是焊接接头断裂位置表现出明显应变率效应的本质原因.     

X80管线钢焊接接头SSCC研究及数值模拟

硫化氢应力腐蚀破裂(sulfide stress corrosion cracking,SSCC)是制约管线钢应用的主要因素.针对X80管线钢焊接接头进行恒位移硫化氢应力腐蚀试验研究,分别测得母材、焊缝和热影响区的应力强度因子门槛值KISCC和裂纹扩展速率da/dt.通过对X80管线钢焊接接头的金相显微组织、断口形貌观察以及硬度测试,分析了X80管线钢SSCC性能的影响因素.并对WOL试样进行了三维弹塑性有限元分析,得到裂纹尖端应力场分布和氢浓度的分布特征.结果表明,热影响区的KISCC最小,裂纹扩展速率最大,具有较差的抗应力腐蚀开裂的能力,其应力腐蚀试验结果与有限元数值分析相互验证.     

20 g钢对接焊接接头循环应力-应变的特性

利用低周疲劳单试样步增量法,得到了20g钢的母材,焊缝和焊接接头试样的循环应力-应变曲线及相关低周疲劳性能参数;分析了焊接接头各区域组织对循环应力-应变行为的影响,说明了焊接接头组织不均匀性引起的力学性能不均匀性的存在及作用。试验表明,具有组织不均匀性和力学性能不均匀性的焊接接头试样与均质的母材或焊缝试样的循环应力-应变行为是不同的,在锅炉及压力容器疲劳设计中应考虑这些不均匀性对焊接结构疲劳性能的影响。     

激光冲击处理对X70管线钢焊接接头H_2S应力腐蚀影响

采用慢应变速率法(SSRT)进行了X70管线钢焊接接头在H2S介质中应力腐蚀试验,研究了H2S对X70管线钢焊接接头应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC)的敏感性,分析了激光冲击处理对X70管线钢焊接接头抗H2S应力腐蚀开裂SSCC行为的影响。结果表明,经激光冲击处理后X70管线钢焊接接头表面产生了晶粒细化和残余压应力,提高了管线钢焊接接头在NACE饱和H_2S溶液中抗应力腐蚀性能;原始状态试样在NACE饱和H_2S溶液中慢拉伸试验平均应力腐蚀敏感性指数>25%,有明显的应力腐蚀倾向;经激光冲击处理后试样在NACE饱和H_2S溶液中平均应力腐蚀敏感性指数为19.05%,应力腐蚀倾向不明显,因此,激光冲击处理有效地提高了X70管线钢焊接接头的抗应力腐蚀性能。     

HR3C钢焊接接头的应力腐蚀行为

采用慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了HR3C钢焊接接头的应力腐蚀行为,并测试了接头在不同介质中的应力-应变曲线和电化学腐蚀电位。结果表明,与空气介质相比,Na Cl溶液中的HR3C钢焊接接头应力腐蚀行为显著增大,说明Cl-对接头的应力腐蚀敏感性有较大的影响,而在酸性介质中接头应力腐蚀敏感性比在弱碱性介质中稍大一些。     

Pitting and stress corrosion cracking resistance of friction stir welded AA 5083

The corrosion behaviour of friction stir welded (FSW) joints of AA 5083 has been compared to that of MIG welded joints. Pitting and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance in 3.5% NaCl + 0.3 g/l H₂O₂ and in EXCO (4 M KCl + 0.5 M KNO₃ + 0.1 M HNO₃) solutions has been determined at 25°C. SCC susceptibility was evaluated by slow strain rate tests (SSRT), at a strain rate of 1 × 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹.Welds obtained by FSW technique showed a higher corrosion resistance in EXCO solution and a lower pitting tendency than the base alloy. Electrochemical measurements (corrosion potential measurements, polarization curves recording) evidenced that FSW weld was cathodic to base alloy. FSW joints were not susceptible to SCC in both test solutions, whereas MIG joints cracked in both solutions.     

2219铝合金母材及搅拌摩擦焊接头应力腐蚀敏感性

利用慢应变速率拉伸试验,研究2219铝合金母材及搅拌摩擦焊接头在不同腐蚀介质环境中的应力腐蚀行为.运用性能损失率指标和应力腐蚀指数评价材料的应力腐蚀敏感性.结果表明,应变速率为10-6 s-1时,2219铝合金母材和FSW接头在3.5%Na Cl介质环境中SCC敏感性小,断口由韧窝塑性区和腐蚀区组成;在剥蚀介质环境中,母材和FSW接头SCC敏感性大,断口呈冰糖状,有较深的腐蚀坑和二次裂纹,为沿晶脆性断裂.FSW接头SCC敏感性较母材大.     

应变速率条件下第二相对7A52铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝应力腐蚀性能的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸试验,结合扫描电镜、能谱分析仪研究了第二相对7A52铝合金搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)焊缝应力腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,FSW焊缝在3.5%NaCl溶液中,应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)均发生在后退侧的热影响区,断裂位置与显微硬度曲线中硬度最低区域相对应.焊缝的SCC敏感性在1×10-6s-1条件下最高,在1×10-5s-1条件下最低,不同第二相对FSW焊缝应力腐蚀裂纹形核和扩展的影响是不同的:Al9Fe0.84Mn2.16Si容易引发裂纹的萌生和扩展,Mg2Si被腐蚀留下的点蚀坑引发的裂纹相对较小.     

Effect of Travel Speed on the Stress Corrosion Behavior of Friction Stir Welded 2024-T4 Aluminum Alloy

The effect of travel speed on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of friction stir welded 2024-T4 aluminum alloy was investigated by slow strain rate tensile test. Microstructure and microhardness of the welded joint were studied. The results showed that the size of second phase particles increased with increasing travel speed, and the distribution of second phase particles was much more homogeneous at lower travel speed. The minimum microhardness was located at the boundary of nugget zone and thermomechanically affected zone. In addition, the SCC susceptibility of the friction stir welded joint increased with the increase of travel speed, owing to the size and distribution of second phase particles in the welds. The anodic applied potentials of ?700, ?650, ?600 mV, and cathodic applied potential of ?1200 mV facilitated SCC while the cathodic applied potential of ?1000 mV improved the SCC resistance. The SCC behavior was mainly controlled by the metal anodic dissolution at the open circuit potential, and hydrogen accelerated metal embrittlement.     

Comparison of the Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of AISI 304 Pipes Welded by TIG and LBW

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of AISI 304 pipe girth welds which were welded by a single-pass laser beam welding (LBW) and a multi-pass tungsten inert gas welding (TIG),respectively,was studied by the slow strain rate tests combined with the electrochemical corrosion tests.The results show that fracture of both the TIG joint and LBW joint occurs in the heat-affected zone (HAZ).According to the electron-backscattered diffraction observation of the microstructures,comparison of potentiodynamic polarization curves and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of corrosion products on HAZs of the two joints after the electrochemical tests,the LBW joint exhibits better SCC resistance than the TIG joint in corrosion environments,due to the synthetic effect of more Cr2O3 in corrosion products,finer grains,lower residual strain and higher δ-ferrite content in its HAZ.Although the TIG joint has better mechanical property,considering lower SCC susceptibility and higher production efficiency of the LBW joint,the LBW promisingly replaces the TIG for welding of AISI 304 pipes in the nuclear power industry.     

Stress corrosion cracking of explosion welded steel‐aluminum joints

The article presents the test results of stress corrosion resistance of explosion welded steel‐aluminum elements. The tests were carried out by means of the slow strain rate test (10^?6 s^?1) in air and artificial sea water. The following parameters were measured: tensile strength, time‐to‐failure and destructive energy. The tested explosion welded joints show susceptibility to degradation of properties in the corrosive environment. Galvanic corrosion is the main reason of degradation of the measured values. Another mechanism of explosion welded joints' destruction was found in air and artificial sea water. The tests of the explosion welded elements in the fast flow of sea water showed substantial galvanic corrosion.     

On the Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of aluminium alloy sheet in an aqueous solution of 3% NaCl + 0.3% H2O2

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of aluminium alloy sheet was investigated in the long transverse direction using the slow strain rate testing technique. The synthetic environment used was an aqueous solution of 3% NaCl + 0.3% H₂O₂. No indications of SCC sensitivity are observed for the alloys 2024-T351, 8090-T81, and 2091 CPHK-T8X. The alloys 2091 T8X and 6061-T4 are found to be susceptible to intergranular stress corrosion cracking. At strain rates below 4 · 10^?7 s^?1, the slow strain rate testing technique indicates a slight SCC sensitivity with alloy 6013-T6. Fractography reveals transgranular stress corrosion cracking. Transgranular stress corrosion cracking is also observed with 6061-T4 specimens which are dynamically strained at strain rates below 5 · 10^?7 s^?1. Aqueous 3% NaCl solution with hydrogen peroxide addition promotes pitting and intergranular corrosion. The loss of ductility caused by these corrosion processes interferes with the evaluation of the results of the slow strain rate testing technique.     

应变速率对X80管线钢在库尔勒土壤环境中应力腐蚀开裂的影响

利用慢应变速率拉伸试验(SSRT)、动电位扫描及扫描电镜(SEM)技术研究了X80管线钢在库尔勒模拟溶液中应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为.结果表明,随着应变速率的增加,X80管线钢在模拟溶液中的腐蚀速率先增大后减小.当应变速率为5×10-7/s时,试样腐蚀较为缓慢,此过程电化学腐蚀起决定性作用;当应变速率为5×10-6/s时,试样的腐蚀情况最为严重,此时力学作用占主导地位.