基于加密技术的DCT域图像公开水印算法

DCT变换是当前JPEG压缩中所使用的一个处理过程,它能把图像的能量集中到左上角的低频系数上,该文利用这个特点有效地实现了水印的鲁棒性与透明性的平衡。此外,为了进一步提高水印的鲁棒性与安全性,该算法有机地结合了重采样置乱和混沌加密等方法对水印信息进行加密预处理。实验表明,该算法高效、安全性能好,且具有较好的不可感知性,对常见的图像处理及剪切攻击等具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于DWT最优多子图和SIFT几何校正的鲁棒水印算法

为提高水印系统鲁棒性,提出一种基于PSO算法优化的DWT多子图水印算法。算法选择DWT变换后的多个子图作DCT变换,然后利用PSO算法寻找最优的多子图组合权重,利用扩展变换QIM原理嵌入和提取水印。为提高算法抵抗几何攻击的性能,提出基于改进SIFT的水印图像抗几何攻击方法,采用一种基于圆的特征点描述方法改进SIFT,然后在水印提取前通过SIFT特征点匹配进行几何校正预处理。实验仿真结果表明,在保证水印不可察觉的基础上,基于PSO算法优化的DWT多子图水印算法的鲁棒性优于基于DWT单一子图的水印算法;加入改进SIFT算法的水印系统抵抗几何攻击的能力明显提高。     

基于纠错编码的自适应图像水印算法

采用三维Lorenz映射对水印加密以提高安全性,并通过纠正水印误码来降低检测误码率,提高水印的稳健性.充分考虑了纠错编码中引入的信息冗余将导致水印嵌入强度的降低等问题,采用基于蚁群算法的图像内容边缘检测方法,使水印的分布集中在图像显著的边缘特征中,嵌入强度随着图像特征的变化而自适应地变化.在水印的检测中,利用Kalman滤波法对水印信息进行预测和估计,在没有原始图像数据的情况下,能够恢复嵌入的信息.实验结果表明,该方案具有较好的抗JPEG压缩、高斯噪声和剪切的鲁棒性.     

A new watermarking scheme for colour image using QR decomposition and ternary coding

At present, the binary images are often used as the original watermark images of many watermarking methods, but partial methods cannot be easily extended to colour image watermarking methods. For resolving this problem, we propose a new watermarking method using ternary coding and QR decomposition for colour image. In the procedure of embedding watermark, the colour image watermark is coded to ternary information; the colour host image is also separated into image blocks of sized 3?×?3, and these image blocks are further decomposed via QR decomposition; then, one ternary watermark is embedded into one orthogonal matrix Q of QR decomposition by the proposed rules. In the procedure of extracting watermark, the proposed method uses the blind-manner to extract the embedded ternary information. The novelty of this scheme lies in the proposed ternary coding for watermark image, which can improve the imperceptibility, embedded watermark capacity and real-time feature of the watermarking scheme. The results of simulation show the presented technique is better than other compared schemes with respect to imperceptibility, embedded watermark capacity and real-time feature under the similar robustness.

     

无损载体和鲁棒代价结合的JPEG图像鲁棒隐写

目的 传统隐写技术在实际社交网络信道上难以保护秘密信息的完整性。在社交网络中,图像往往经过有损压缩信道进行传输,从而导致隐蔽通信失效。为了保证经过压缩信道传输的载密图像鲁棒性,设计安全鲁棒的隐蔽通信技术具有实际应用价值。基于最小化图像信息损失,本文提出无损载体和鲁棒代价结合的JPEG图像鲁棒隐写。方法 首先,指出构造无损载体能有效维持隐写安全性和鲁棒性的平衡,对经过压缩信道前后的JPEG图像空域像素块进行差分,构造无损载体以确定鲁棒嵌入域;其次,通过对离散余弦变换（discrete cosine transform,DCT）系数进行“±1”操作,并计算空域信息在压缩传输前后的损失,设计衡量DCT系数抗压缩性能的鲁棒代价;同时,验证在低质量因子压缩信道下鲁棒代价更能区分DCT系数的鲁棒能力,最后,利用校验子格编码（syndrome-trellis code,STC）,结合无损载体和鲁棒代价对秘密信息进行嵌入。结果 实验在BossBase1.01图像库上进行对比实验,相比于传统JPEG隐写技术,构造无损载体作为嵌入域能有效地将信息平均提取错误率降低24.97%,图像的正确提取成功率提高了21.35%;在此基础上,鲁棒代价进一步将信息平均提取错误率降低1.05%,将图像的正确提取成功率提高16.12%,验证了本文方法显著提高了隐写抗压缩性能。与J-UNIWARD （JPEG universal wavelet relative distortion）、JCRISBE （JPEG compression resistant solution with BCH code）和AutoEncoder （autoencoder and adaptive BCH encoding）3种现有典型隐写方法相比,提出的方法信息平均提取错误率分别降低了95.78%、93.17%和87.38%,图像的正确提取成功率为另外3种隐写方法的86.69倍、30.74倍和4.13倍。图像视觉质量逼近传统隐写方法,并保持较好的抗检测性。结论 本文提出的抗低质量因子JPEG压缩鲁棒隐写方法,获得的中间图像在经过压缩信道后,具有较强的抗压缩性和抗检测性,并保持较高的图像质量。     

基于小波视觉模型的乘性水印算法

虽然小波域加性水印算法具有较好的不可感知性,但其鲁棒性较弱。因此,结合小波域视觉模型,提出了一种基于小波视觉模型的乘性图像水印算法。在水印嵌入过程中,为平衡水印的不可感知性和鲁棒性,以中频子带作为水印嵌入空间,并根据图像的频域敏感度、亮度敏感度、纹理复杂度确定水印的嵌入强度。在水印检测过程中,采用广义高斯分布(GGD)对小波系数的统计特性进行刻画,并通过奈曼-皮尔逊(NP)准则确定水印系统的检测阈值,给出了水印系统的虚警概率和检测概率之间的接收者操作特征(ROC)曲线关系。最后通过实验测试了该算法在抗压缩、叠加噪声、缩放和剪切等攻击时的鲁棒性能。仿真结果表明：该算法具有较好的检测性能以及在抗攻击时具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于混沌加密的DCT域盲数字水印算法

该文提出了一种基于混沌加密的盲数字水印算法,对水印信息采用混沌加密,并根据载体图像在DCT域中能量分布,通过比较中频子域的能量差异来实现水印的嵌入和盲提取。实验表明,该算法具有较好的不可见性,对JPEG压缩、剪切、替换、噪声污染等图像处理均具有较好的稳健性。     

Robust copyright marking using Weibull distribution

For multimedia document, watermarking provides many advantages; however, its vulnerability due to attacks using signal processing methods offers challenge in designing robust techniques. This paper presents a novel method for enhancing robustness in copyright marking into mid-frequency discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients of an image. We establish that Weibull distribution suitably models mid-frequency coefficients well and use it for hiding copyright data. Our method is robust against JPEG compression attacks at both high and low compressions. Further, it is statistically undetectable in comparison to existing techniques of data hiding based on DCT coefficients. This is because it insignificantly affects the DCT coefficients of the stego image without compromising with data hiding capacity of the host image. Simulation result on Lena, Gibbon, Boat, and Peppers images illustrates that our algorithm offers lower bit error rate (BER) and higher peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) leading to improved imperceptibility. Thus, it is useful in robust copyright marking.     

抗几何攻击的量化鲁棒水印技术研究

提出了一种能够有效抵抗旋转、平移、缩放等基本几何攻击的鲁棒图像水印方案,在其嵌入方案中,提出一种几何不变量——基于图像圆区域内的统计特征不变性。利用该不变性,可以较好地矫正几何形变。在嵌入方案中,实现了在一个嵌入点上嵌入2比特水印信息量,并且利用HVS特性,把水印自适应地嵌入在视觉不敏感区域的纹理方向上。在水印提取方案中,利用特征圆形区域矫正形变,然后在DCT变换域中盲提取水印。实验结果表明,该水印方案具有很好的透明性,同时具有较强的抵抗基本几何形变能力,并且对于一般的图像处理、JPEG压缩等攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于DCT域相关性的非对称JPEG隐写

目前用于JPEG隐写的失真代价函数对同一DCT系数的加一与减一操作分配相同的代价值。但由于JPEG图像中DCT域的相关性,加一与减一修改对图像内容的影响不同,因此其对应的代价值也理应不同。文中基于DCT域相关性,提出了一种适用于JPEG隐写的通用代价值优化方法,主要考虑JPEG图像中相邻DCT块相同位置上系数的相关性。利用八邻域块中相同位置的DCT系数求平均的方法给出当前DCT系数的预测值。对现有的JPEG失真代价函数,按照向预测值靠拢的原则区分加一和减一的代价值。经过调整的代价值能引导隐写修改后的DCT系数最大程度地向预测值靠拢,增强DCT域相关性,从而提高隐写的安全性。该方法可以与任何现有的JPEG隐写失真代价函数结合使用。实验表明,所提方法几乎不增加原始算法的时间复杂度,同时能有效提高现有JPEG隐写方法的安全性,可使当前隐写分析工具的测试误差平均提升2.4%。     

Double watermarks of 3D mesh model based on feature segmentation and redundancy information

This paper presents a new robust, blind and good imperceptibility 3D mesh double watermarks algorithm. Two different kinds of watermarks are embedded into one 3D mesh model. One watermarking algorithm based on mesh feature segmentation and the DCT transformation, the other based on redundancy information of 3D model. The two watermarks do not disturb each other during embedding and extracting. Several mesh models are applied to test the robustness, imperceptibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed watermark scheme can not only keep good imperceptibility but also resist various attacks, such as similarity transformations (translation, rotation, scaling and combinations of the three operations), file attack, signal processing attacks (noising, smoothing and vertex coordinate quantization) and connectivity attacks (cropping).     

选择排序的DCT系数对JPEG图像的可逆数据隐藏

JPEG图像压缩算法可以为使用者提供良好的压缩性能,改善图像文件重建质量,在图像和视频处理领域有着广泛的应用价值。 提出了一种可行且有效的对JPEG图像进行可逆信息隐藏的算法。在该算法中,JPEG图像中所有的8×8块中量化的DCT系数重新排列成新的矩阵,纵列为每个块的系数值,横列为同频率下的系数值。对相同频率下的系数进行模拟嵌入比特位,优先选择失真小的频率下的系数嵌入信息,直到嵌入完秘密比特流信息,同时在嵌入秘密信息时根据解码矩阵减少了无效的比特流扩展。实验结果表明,该算法在嵌入同等数量的比特流的情形下能够得到更好的JPEG图像视觉质量和更少的图像比特流扩展。     

A new video watermarking algorithm based on shot segmentation and block classification

In this paper, we propose a new video watermarking algorithm based on shot segmentation and block classification to enhance the robustness, imperceptibility and real-time performance based on the H.264/AVC codec. A method of selecting host frames is proposed based on shot segmentation to avoid embedding watermark frame by frame, so as to improve the robustness and the real-time performance. The watermark signal is cropped into small watermarks according to the number of shots in the host video, and small watermarks are respectively embedded into different shots. The watermarking capacity and the perceptual quality are greatly improved by this way. A method of selecting host coefficients is proposed based on block classification in the Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) compressed domain. The texture characteristics of host blocks are considered in the classification and the places of host coefficients can change adaptively according to the content of the video. The imperceptibility of the watermarked video is greatly improved by this way. The simplified quantization index modulation (QIM) is applied to embed watermark. It brings fewer artifacts to the host signal than the current main watermarking method, such as spread spectrum (SS), differential energy watermarking (DEW) and so on. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme has a good performance in maintaining real-time performance and resisting Gaussian noising, frame swapping, MPEG compression, etc.     

一种DCT域的最优均值量化盲图像水印算法

针对常规的图像水印算法不能很好地实现水印不可感知性和鲁棒性折中的问题,给出了一种最优均值量化盲水印算法.该算法首先对水印图像进行Arnold置乱,提高了水印的安全性;然后将载体图像进行8×8分块DCT(离散余弦变换),并根据均值量化原理将置乱后的水印嵌入到局部量化噪声值最小的图像子块中,提高了水印的不可感知性;最后水印提取时可以实现盲提取.实验结果表明,该算法对加噪、剪切、JPEG压缩、滤波等多种攻击都具有很强的鲁棒性.     

基于外观的人脸检测方法*

系统地分析了基于外观的人脸检测方法,并对其进行了分类和评价,从特征脸方法、基于分布的方法、神经元网络、隐Markov模型和支持向量机等方面介绍了人脸检测方法的优缺点和适用领域。最后提出了人脸检测方法未来的研究方向。     

基于四元数傅里叶梅林变换的RST不变彩色图像水印算法

提出一种基于四元数傅里叶梅林变换(QFMT)的RST(旋转、缩放和平移)不变彩色图像水印算法,利用图像的不变质心生成具有平移稳定性的圆形特征区域,对这个圆形区域进行QFMT。利用QFMT幅度谱具有旋转和缩放不变性,在QFMT幅度谱中嵌入水印信息。该算法不仅可以抗RST攻击,大大提升水印的鲁棒性,而且可以把水印嵌入所带来的误差扩散到载体图像的各个颜色分量之中,扩大水印嵌入的容量。实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的抗压缩性,对RST等攻击有良好的鲁棒性。     

最大奇异值移位的鲁棒图像信息隐藏

为了提高图像信息隐藏的鲁棒性和不可感知性,提出了一种基于图像块最大奇异值移位的鲁棒信息隐藏算法.算法首先对图像分块并对每个图像块进行奇异值分解,根据图像块最大奇异值的大小选择合适的阈值,并对图像块的最大奇异值进行区间划分,通过将最大奇异值移位到与秘密信息比特相对应的区间实现秘密信息的嵌入.实验结果表明,该算法具有较大的嵌入容量,且在嵌入相同大小的秘密信息时与其他同类算法相比,具有更好的图像视觉质量和鲁棒性.该算法更能适应噪声环境下的信息隐藏.     

Color image ownership protection based on spectral domain watermarking using QR codes and QIM

Some watermarking authentication methods based on spectral domain using QR codes and Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) are proposed for ownership protection in color images. The QR code is created with the owners’ information and used as binary watermark sequence, which is permuted using Arnold Permutation to increase the security before embedding it. Once the watermark sequence is generated, the original color image is transformed from RGB to YCbCr color space where the Luminance Channel (Y) is processed by the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to embed the binary watermark sequence using Quantization Index Modulation (QIM). The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

一种基于分块DCT的盲灰度水印算法

提出了一种在分块DCT的次低频交流系数中,利用奇偶特性和JPEG量化系数嵌入有含义的8位灰度水印图像,以实现盲提取的算法,并通过PN序列加密来保证水印的安全性。实验结果表明,该算法对于JPEG有损压缩、图像剪切等处理有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于DWT和DCT域的二值图像数字水印算法

提出一种基于DWT和DCT域的有意义二值图像数字水印算法；利用Arnold变换对水印序列进行置乱，消除象素的空间相关性，增加水印的安全性；而结合小波变换和离散余弦变换的特性，将水印信息嵌入到图像变换域的低频和中频系数中，提高水印的鲁棒性和不可见性；实验证明该算法具有较好的抗压缩、抗噪音和抗剪切性。