抗几何攻击的量化鲁棒视频水印技术研究

能有效抵抗信号处理又能抵抗几何攻击是当今数字水印研究的热点和难点之一,提出一种能够抵抗信号处理、旋转、缩放和平移的鲁棒视频水印.嵌入方案中,提出几何不变量--基于圆区域内的统计特征不变性;再依据离散余弦变换域(DCT)系数特性,自适应地在DCT域量化嵌入有意义的水印.提取方案中,利用同步信息定位,若发生几何形变则先矫正形变,然后在DCT域中盲提取水印.结果表明,该方案具有较好的透明性,同时具有较强的抗几何形变能力,对MPEG压缩和去帧等攻击具有很强的鲁棒性.     

基于SVD与几何矫正的水印算法

为提高水印算法的抗攻击性能,提出一种基于SVD和几何矫正的鲁棒水印算法。通过量化图像每个子块中的第1个奇异值嵌入水印,利用遗传算法搜索量化步长的最优解。在提取水印时,引入几何矩和DFT变换估计几何变换参数,从而矫正测试图像。实验结果表明,该算法在抵抗普通攻击与几何攻击方面均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

DWT域抗几何攻击水印算法研究

鲁棒水印面临的最大问题就是几何攻击.小波变换域不具有几何不变性,一个微弱不可察觉的几何攻击就能使小波域水印算法失效.提出了一种新的以特征点作为模板、有效抵抗几何攻击的图像水印算法.它包括:(1)根据小波变换空间各子带呈树形结构的特性,选择每棵小波树中纹理最强的方向子树的树根作为水印嵌入点;(2)根据嵌入点在低频对应位置的能量和该方向子树高频叶子结点的纹理信息确定一种自适应嵌入水印策略;(3)利用Harris-Laplace算子从含有水印的图像中提取出具有几何形变鲁棒性的特征点,将其作为模板;(4)水印检测时,先利用特征点模板通过线性变换恢复几何形变的图像.然后通过统计图像的相关性来验证水印的存在,无需原始图像.仿真实验表明,所提出的水印算法不仅具有很好的透明性,而且对常见的图像处理和几何变换具有很好的鲁棒性.     

基于QR分解的Contourlet域抗几何攻击水印算法

为了提高数字水印产品的抗几何攻击能力,提出一种基于QR分解的Contourlet域抗几何攻击水印算法。该算法首先对宿主图像Contourlet变换后的低频子带进行分块QR分解,通过轻微修改各子块Q矩阵第一列第二行元素和第三行元素的大小关系嵌入Arnold置乱后的水印信息,并且利用R矩阵对各子块进行相应的视觉失真补偿操作。在水印提取前,利用尺度不变特征变换SIFT特征点具有的旋转、缩放和平移不变性对几何失真含水印图像进行几何校正,恢复水印的同步性,使算法具备抵抗几何攻击的能力。实验结果表明,该算法的不可见性良好,而且对于常规攻击和多种几何攻击都具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于SIFT特征点的抗几何攻击水印算法

提出一种利用尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）特征点实现对抗几何攻击的水印方案。基于特征点构造Delavnay三角网,依靠SIFT特征点的抗几何变换性实现图像三角形区域的抗几何攻击。在提取部分图像内容的基础上,按照多对一的原则,使用改进的加性方法嵌入水印信息。实验表明,该算法能够较好地抵抗几何攻击和一般的信号处理攻击。     

基于SIFT的椭圆区域鲁棒数字水印方案

如何有效抵抗去同步攻击是数字图像水印研究领域的热点问题之一。利用图像仿射协变特征,提出一种可有效抵抗去同步攻击的鲁棒水印算法。对目前流行的利用多尺度Harris和SIFT描述算子来匹配图像的方法,后者有较好的匹配效果,对恢复同步水印更加稳定,并且能较好抵抗去同步攻击。该算法利用性能稳定的SIFT算子提取图像特征点,并通过基于最小生成树聚类算法的选择策略获得一组稳定且彼此独立的椭圆仿射协变特征区域,基于特征区域,利用椭圆归一化得到具有缩放和旋转不变性的圆形区域。将圆形区域进行非下采样轮廓变换（NSCT）,其中非下采样轮廓变换不仅克服了小波（Wavelet）变换的非奇异性最优基缺点,而且提供了优于轮廓（Contourlet）变换的平移不变性。将水印嵌入变换后的低频子带中。该算法实现盲提取,仿真实验结果表明,提出的算法是有效的且对常规图像处理、几何攻击以及组合攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

图像块的不可见性与鲁棒性均衡水印算法

目的 为协调水印算法不可见性与鲁棒性之间的矛盾,提高水印算法抵抗几何攻击的能力,提出一种图像块的不可见性与鲁棒性均衡水印算法。方法 将宿主图像分成互不重叠的图像块,利用人类视觉系统的掩蔽特性对每个图像块的纹理特征和边缘特征进行分析,选择掩蔽性好的图像块作为嵌入子块。对嵌入子块作2级离散小波变换,将其低频子带进行奇异值分解,通过修改U矩阵第1列元素间的大小关系嵌入Arnold置乱后的水印信息。在水印提取前,对几何失真含水印图像利用图像尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）特征点的坐标关系和尺度特征进行几何校正,恢复水印的同步性。结果 对标准灰度图像进行实验,含水印图像的峰值信噪比都可以达到44 dB以上。对含水印图像进行常规攻击和几何攻击,提取出的水印图像与原始水印图像的归一化互相关系数大部分都能达到0.99以上,说明该算法不仅具有良好的不可见性,对常见攻击和几何攻击都具有较强的鲁棒性。结论 选择掩蔽性好的图像块作为水印嵌入位置能够充分保证水印算法的不可见性,特别是水印提取前利用SIFT特征点具有旋转、缩放和平移不变性对几何失真含水印图像实现有效校正,提高了含水印图像抵抗几何攻击的能力,较好地协调水印算法不可见性与鲁棒性之间的矛盾。     

一种抗几何攻击盲数字水印方法

提出了一种抵抗几何攻击的数字图像水印方案,主要针对的是缩放攻击和剪切攻击。通过采用在每个分片上重复嵌入水印,并在载体图像上确定抗缩放攻击网格来抵抗剪切攻击和缩放攻击。实验证明,该方法能较好地恢复图像、提取水印信息,能够有效地抵抗剪切攻击和缩放攻击。     

抗几何攻击的空间域图像数字水印算法

当前已有的水印算法多数无法抵抗几何攻击, 而现有抗几何攻击的水印算法大多数只能抵抗一定程度内的几何攻击. 本文提出了一个新的抗几何攻击的图像数字水印算法. 该算法在水印嵌入时, 先对原始图像进行分块, 然后对各个子块图像根据量化策略重复嵌入相应的 1bit 水印信息; 在水印提取时, 先将含水印图像进行分块, 然后对从各个子块图像中提取出的水印信息根据多数原则判定相应子块图像所含的 1bit 水印信息. 该算法简单、快速, 所能嵌入的水印信息量大, 并且在提取水印时无需原始图像. 实验结果表明, 该算法能够有效地抵抗很大程度的几何攻击及其组合攻击, 对常规的图像处理攻击也具有很强的稳健性.     

基于小波矩的抗几何攻击数字图像水印算法研究

针对旋转、缩放和平移等几何攻击破坏水印检测同步,从而导致水印检测失败等问题,利用归一化图像的缩放、平移不变性及小波矩的旋转不变特性,结合奇偶量化技术,提出了一种有效抵抗几何攻击的数字图像水印新算法。首先利用图像归一化技术将原始载体映射到几何不变空间内;然后计算归一化图像的小波矩,并选取部分稳定的低阶小波矩用于水印嵌入;最后利用奇偶量化方法将水印信息嵌入到所选小波矩的不变量内。仿真实验结果表明,该图像水印方案不仅具有良好的透明性,而且具有较强的抵抗常规信号处理、几何攻击、联合攻击等能力。     

基于四元数傅里叶梅林变换的RST不变彩色图像水印算法

提出一种基于四元数傅里叶梅林变换(QFMT)的RST(旋转、缩放和平移)不变彩色图像水印算法,利用图像的不变质心生成具有平移稳定性的圆形特征区域,对这个圆形区域进行QFMT。利用QFMT幅度谱具有旋转和缩放不变性,在QFMT幅度谱中嵌入水印信息。该算法不仅可以抗RST攻击,大大提升水印的鲁棒性,而且可以把水印嵌入所带来的误差扩散到载体图像的各个颜色分量之中,扩大水印嵌入的容量。实验结果表明,该方法具有较好的抗压缩性,对RST等攻击有良好的鲁棒性。     

Feature based robust watermarking using image normalization

This paper presents a robust watermarking scheme based on feature point detection and image normalization. Firstly some stable feature points are detected from the original image using the proposed multiresolution feature point detection filter. Then, image normalization is applied to the disks centered at these feature points. The watermark is embedded in the subband coefficients of DFT domain of each disk separately. And the watermark detection uses the correlation between the watermark embedding coefficients and the original watermark, and does not need the original image. The proposed scheme combines the advantages of feature point detection and image normalization, which can achieve strong robustness to signal processing and geometrical distortions. The experimental results also demonstrate good performance of the proposed scheme.     

Robust localized image watermarking based on invariant regions

The robustness of the localized watermarking methods mainly depends on the robustness of the feature locating the watermark. Based on the mean luminance of the disk, a rotation and scale invariant feature extraction algorithm is proposed. A theoretical verification of the rotation and scale invariance of extracted feature points in the continuous image is further performed. The extracted feature points are used to construct rotation and scale invariant circular regions, where the watermark is embedded after affine normalization. Experimental results show that the constructed regions fit the watermarking applications much better than those in previous feature-based watermarking schemes from the aspect of robustness against common attacks including filtering, JPEG compression, cropping, rotation and scaling, and the proposed localized image watermarking scheme has better robustness than previous feature-based watermarking schemes against common signal process and geometrical attacks while maintaining imperceptibility.     

基于小波变换和神经网络的盲数字水印算法

文中提出了一种基于小波变换和神经网络的盲数字水印算法。算法嵌入的水印信息是一幅二值图像,每位水印信息被连续多次嵌入宿主图像小波分解的低频子带。利用提取含水印图像小波分解的低频子图的特征点坐标集估计水印图像遭受的几何失真,根据估计的几何失真参数对受到几何攻击的水印图像进行校正,最后利用神经网络很好的非线性映射和自适应学习功能实现水印信息的盲提取。实验表明,算法对常见的图像处理和几何攻击具有很好的鲁棒性。     

一种用于版权保护和版权跟踪的图像水印算法

提出了一种用于版权保护和版权跟踪的图像水印算法。选取分块HT的变换系数作为水印嵌入的特征集，通过密钥控制下的具体区间的选择和多步长的量化嵌入，实现了多水印的不可感知性和鲁棒性的优化。对二值水印图像进行Amold变换，提高了水印的安全性和鲁棒性。水印的提取不需要原始图像。实验结果表明，该算法满足水印的隐蔽性，对常用的信号处理操作和几何失真具有鲁棒性。     

A novel color image watermarking scheme in nonsampled contourlet-domain

Geometric distortion is known as one of the most difficult attacks to resist, for it can desynchronize the location of the watermark and hence causes incorrect watermark detection. It is a challenging work to design a robust color image watermarking scheme against geometric distortions. Based on the support vector regression (SVR) and nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT), we propose a new color image watermarking algorithm with good visual quality and reasonable resistance toward geometric distortions in this paper. Firstly, the geometrically invariant space is constructed by using color image normalization, and a significant region is obtained from the normalized color image by utilizing the invariant centroid theory. Then, the NSCT is performed on the green channel of the significant region. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into host color image by modifying the low frequency NSCT coefficients, in which the HVS masking is used to control the watermark embedding strength. In watermark detection, according to the high correlation among different channels of the color image, the digital watermark can be recovered by using SVR technique. Experimental results show that the proposed color image watermarking is not only invisible and robust against common image processing operations such as filtering, noise adding, and JPEG compression etc., but also robust against the geometrical distortions.     

A high capacity image adaptive watermarking scheme with radial harmonic Fourier moments

In this paper, we introduce a novel image adaptive technique for high capacity watermarking scheme using accurate and fast radial harmonic Fourier moments (RHFMs). The high embedding capacity is achieved by improving the hiding ratio after reducing inaccuracies in the computation of RHFMs. The binary watermark is embedded by performing the conditional quantization of selected RHFMs magnitudes to minimize the spatial distortion added to the host image. In addition, fast algorithms based on 8-way symmetry/anti-symmetry properties and recursive relations for the computation of sinusoidal kernel functions are adopted to enhance the speed of RHFMs-based watermarking process. Experimental studies show that the proposed watermarking scheme provides higher embedding capacity, good visual imperceptibility, better robustness to geometric distortions and common signal processing transformations, and lower computational complexity compared to the existing Zernike and pseudo-Zernike moments (ZMs/PZMs)-based watermarking schemes.     

Geometrically invariant image watermarking using SVR correction in NSCT domain

Based on the support vector regression (SVR) geometric distortions correction, we propose a robust image watermarking algorithm in nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) domain with good visual quality and reasonable resistance toward geometric attacks in this paper. Firstly, the NSCT is performed on original host image, and corresponding low-pass subband is selected for embedding watermark. Then, the selected low-pass subband is divided into small blocks. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into host image by modulating the NSCT coefficients in small blocks. In digital watermark detecting procedure, the SVR geometrical distortions correction is utilized. Experimental results show that the proposed image watermarking is invisible, and robust against common image processing and some geometrical attacks.