X80高强度高韧性厚壁管线钢及高速埋弧焊接头性能

研究分析了西气东输二线用X80管线钢的组织和性能,通过TEM观察了晶体结构特征,表明X80管线钢晶粒细小、晶界纯净,金相组织均匀,力学性能稳定,是一种高强度、高韧性管线钢.针对这种X80管线钢高速埋弧焊,通过焊丝焊剂的成分设计和焊缝组织设计,以及高纯净度炼钢技术,研制出高性能焊丝焊剂,采用优化的焊接工艺,使焊接接头不但具有较好的力学性能,而且焊接工艺性能良好,实现了高强度厚壁管线钢的高速焊接,焊速可达1.70 m/min左右.     

典型国产管线钢的组织和力学性能

选取国内钢厂生产的X60、X70、X80和X100管线钢,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜研究了上述管线钢的显微组织,采用拉伸、冲击、落锤试验方法检测和统计了其力学性能。结果表明:X60管线钢为多边形铁素体和珠光体的混合组织,X70、X80、X100为粒状贝氏体和多边形铁素体为主的混合组织,部分还含有少量珠光体;X70、X80和X100管线钢的综合力学性能明显优于X60管线钢,X70、X80和X100管线钢的强度依次增加而各级管线钢在-20℃冲击韧性的分布范围并未发生大幅变化;粒状贝氏体比珠光体-铁素体具有更优越的强韧化机制是促使X70、X80和X100管线钢获得更佳综合力学性能的重要原因。     

X80管线钢层流冷却过程的温度场建模与工艺研究

对X80管线钢进行了层流冷却过程的建模分析,考察了潜热对冷却曲线的影响,并分析了板厚、轧辊速度和终轧速度对X80管线钢中间温度、冷却速度和终冷温度的影响,在最优化工艺参数下对X80管线钢进行了轧制处理。结果表明,X80管线钢在考虑相变潜热前提下的优化工艺为轧辊速度2.5~3.0 m/s,终轧温度860~880℃,并在此工艺下进行了控制轧制和控制冷却的工艺实践;无论是传统工艺还是优化工艺下的X80管线钢的力学性能都符合APISL-2009标准的要求,但是优化工艺下的X80管线钢的综合性能明显要更优;经过优化工艺处理后的X80管线钢的组织为多边形铁素体+粒状贝氏体。     

不同冷却速率下X80管线钢组织性能的变化规律研究

对常规X80管线钢采用油冷、水冷、风冷等3种不同冷却速率进行处理,采用显微分析法和力学性能测试手段对处理后的材料组织和性能进行分析.结果表明:随着冷却速率的变化,试验钢的组织和性能呈现出一定的变化规律.当常规X80管线钢在采用油冷的冷却速率下,可获得贝氏体+铁素体的双相组织,从而使得常规X80管线钢在保持原有高强度、高韧性的同时,又具有较低的屈强比、较大的均匀伸长率和较高的形变强化指数,从而满足了大变形管线钢的性能要求.     

海洋用X80管线钢焊接接头的组织性能

针对海洋石油工业的发展趋势,以海洋用高钢级X80管线钢为研究对象,采用焊接工艺试验、力学性能测试及显微分析技术,研究了焊条电弧焊工艺下X80管线钢焊接接头的性能和热影响区的组织变化规律.结果表明:采用设计的焊条电弧焊工艺参数对海洋用X80管线钢进行焊接,可以得到合格的焊接接头.X80管线钢母材和焊接接头所具有的针状铁素...     

高级别管线钢X70研制

对沙钢X70管线钢的生产工艺及产品性能进行了详细介绍。沙钢所生产的X70管线钢各项数据表明,沙钢已完全掌握了针状铁素体组织管线钢的成分设计和轧制工艺,已具备了生产高级别管线钢的能力。     

不同变形条件下管线钢组织及屈服性能的研究

以X70、X80和X100级管线钢为研究对象,通过光学显微镜和力学性能测试,分析不同变形温度对其微观组织及屈服性能的影响。结果表明,经500℃拉伸变形后,X100级管线钢组织中细小的马氏体-奥氏体岛(M-A岛)和下贝氏体组织可提高钢的屈服性能;当变形温度为800℃时,X70、X80和X100级管线钢的高温屈服强度差别不大。     

低成本X80M管线钢生产实践

为实现生产的降本增效,进一步对X80M管线钢的成分和生产工艺进行了优化。在保证管线钢性能的前提下,通过降低钢中的铌含量达到降低成本的目的。生产实践表明,优化后的X80M管线钢的产品质量大大提升,各项性能指标均达到制管与使用要求,经济效益显著。     

X80管线钢在线用焊条的研制

研制了一种X80管线钢在线用碱性低氢焊条,此焊条主要用于X80管线钢管管对接环焊缝打底焊及管线钢的焊补.确定了焊条药皮各组分的合理配比,合理选择焊芯并进行了一系列焊接试验及焊接接头力学性能和金相测试.结果表明,所研制焊条引弧及稳弧性能良好、飞溅小、脱渣好,焊道成形良好;B焊条焊接接头力学性能优异,屈服强度达640 MPa,抗拉强度达804 MPa,冲击吸收功达120 J;B焊条所得焊缝组织为针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体,其比例恰当,与母材组织匹配较好.     

不同成分X80管线钢焊接接头组织性能研究

利用多丝埋弧焊设备模拟制管过程的焊接工艺进行了不同成分X80管线钢双丝埋弧焊焊接试验,通过拉伸、冲击试验检测了接头的力学性能,通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)以及电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析了不同成分X80管线钢焊接接头的显微组织、马/奥组元(M/A)分布及形态。结果表明:随着合金含量降低,经济型X80管线钢接头的冲击韧性离散度增大。热影响区晶粒尺寸离散度增加,晶粒取向单一,大角度晶界(15°)密度显著降低是经济型X80管线钢焊接热影响区冲击韧性离散性增加主要原因。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.