垂直轴风力机技术讲座(六)垂直轴风力机应用及其发展前景

1 垂直轴风力发电机的应用 以发电为目的垂直轴风力机主要有以下几种形式:大型并网垂直轴风力机;大型离网垂直轴风力机;小型并网垂直轴风力机;小型离网垂直轴风力机:互补型垂直轴风力发电机.     

带有挡流板的垂直轴风力发电机性能优化研究

为提高风力机的风能利用系数,并为垂直轴风力机优化设计提供方法,提出一种针对垂直轴风力发电机气动性能提升的结构改进方案,即在2台转向相反的H型垂直轴风力发电机的上游区域放置一块挡流板,研究挡流板各参数对2台垂直轴风力发电机能量获取的影响,结果表明:挡流板宽度对风能的获取影响最敏感,而挡流板到两台风力机轴之间的距离以及大于风轮高度的挡流板高度对垂直轴风力发电机风能的获取始终为正面影响,选择合适导流板参数下的最大风能利用系数为0.45,与无挡流板时相比提升了36%。     

永磁风力发电机动态温度场的测试与分析

针对永磁风力发电机在运行过程中出现的高温失磁现象,采用专业的FLIR红外热成像仪采集了各工况下永磁风力发电机的外壳、定子、磁钢及转子温度场,并利用Tecplot软件对试验数据进行后处理.通过对比分析温度分布图,得出了永磁风力发电机动态温度场的分布规律,在此规律下对采用的永磁材料NdFeB的动态性能进行分析,提出了永磁风力发电机动态失磁的条件、原因及优化改进温度场分布的可行性意见,为今后永磁风力发电机的设计、生产提供了参考数据和防失磁技术的研究依据.     

低尖速比下双转子垂直轴风力机气动性能试验研究

虽然水平轴风力发电机的技术已经发展的非常成熟,是世界上的主流风机,但在适应风机大型化、深海化的趋势方面,垂直轴风力发电机因其结构特点表现出一定优势。近年来,对于垂直轴风力机的研究日益增多,将两台相同的垂直轴风力机间隔一定距离置于一起即得到双转子垂直轴风力机。文章利用风机模拟与实际风场较接近的非定常风,通过物理模型试验对比了单转子垂直轴风力机和具有不同双转子间距的双转子垂直轴风力机在不同风速下同一转子的扭矩、转速与轴功率,证实了双转子垂直轴风力机的增益效果,并探讨了风速及两转子间距对风机性能及增益效果的影响。试验结果表明,风速越大、两转子间距越小,双转子垂直轴风力机的增益效果越显著。     

垂直轴风力发电机发展概述

能源危机是我们面对的最大挑战,风力发电是具有大规模发展潜力的可再生能源,在远期有可能成为世界重要的替代能源。水平轴风力机是目前应用最广的一种风力发电机,垂直轴风力机有着优越的性能,并越来越被人们所重视。主要论述了达里厄风力机的优良性能及其发展。     

基于LCA小型风力发电机能量偿还时间的计算

能量偿还时间是评价新能源发电能力的重要指标之一。首先,文章针对目前应用广泛的小型风力发电机,给出了一种基于LCA的小型风力发电机能量偿还时间的计算方法,实例分析一台300 W垂直轴风力机,运用Gabi软件计算出其生命周期阶段总的消耗能量;其次,通过试验得出了此型号风力机在不同风速下的功率特性,并仿真计算出此型号风力机安装在桂林尧山景区的年发电量;最后,计算出桂林尧山景区安装该型号风力机时,能量偿还时间为2.36 a。     

离网型户用风力发电机性能测试系统的开发

本文为离网型户用风力发电机虚拟仪器性能测试系统的研制 ,利用NI公司推出的软件LabVIEW及相关配套硬件设备 ,设计了风力机基本性能参数的测试系统。通过对风力发电机输出电流、输出电压、大气温度、大气压力、风速等实验数据的分析和处理 ,得到风力发电机输出特性曲线 ,从而为评估和改进风力发电机的性能提供依据     

基于CFD的二维垂直轴风力机性能计算

采用计算流体力学方法(CFD)针对垂直轴风力发电机,开展简化的二维绕流特性研究。首先,基于开放型转子和增强型转子,研究网格节点数和壁面y+、计算时间步长和湍流模型等的变化对计算结果的影响,对计算模型和方法进行确认。随后,计算分析增强型垂直轴风力机与开放型垂直轴风力机的特性。结果表明,与开放性垂直轴风力发电机相比,增强型垂直轴风力发电机的功率系数和转矩系数有明显增加,且达到最大值的位置向叶尖速比增大的方向移动。然后对增强型垂直轴风力机发电机在不同来流风速下进行计算,发现增强型垂直轴风力发电机的转子转矩随来流风速增加,而转矩系数和功率系数与来流风速无关。最后,针对定子叶片在不同的方向开展计算研究。结果表明,定子叶片在不同方向时,增强型垂直轴风力机的转子转矩不同,且转矩到达峰值的位置也不同;在当前3个方向角中,叶片处于0°方向角时风力机具有最高的转矩系数,即具有最佳的功率系数。     

专利信息

一种太阳集热器压合框架;一种分体太阳热水器;一种分层流太阳能蓄热双源热泵中央热水系统;组合论状风力发电机;一种垂直轴风力发电机及风力机叶轮。     

基于格尼襟翼的多机组垂直轴风力机性能增效研究

为探究格尼襟翼对垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响,结合TSST湍流模型对直线翼垂直轴风力机展开数值模拟研究.结果表明:低尖速比下,格尼襟翼可显著提升垂直轴风力机的气动性能,但在高尖速比下会降低气动性能;垂直轴风力机组间流体速度随尖速比的增大而增加,此高速流体可有效提升机组风能利用系数;因上游风力机组间流体加速作用,下游风力机在各尖速比下的气动性能均高于原始单风力机,且当尖速比为2.72时,下游风力机最大平均力矩比原始单风力机提高2 0.3％;上游风力机组安装格尼襟翼可有效提高机组间流体加速效果,使下游风力机迎风速度更高,尖速比为2.51时,格尼襟翼风力机组的下游风力机平均力矩比原始单风力机和原始格尼襟翼风力机分别提高36.5％和24％.     

Influence of generator load conditions on third-harmonic voltages in generator stator winding

The influence of changes in load conditions of the generator-transformer unit on the operating conditions of the 100% ground-fault protection of the generator stator winding based on the third-harmonic voltages was analyzed. The analyzed stator ground-fault protection system is by ratio of the voltages third harmonic in generator neutral and at the generator terminals. The third-harmonic voltages were determined on the base of the experimental tests (measurements) run in real conditions at changes in active and reactive load conditions of the generator. It was found that mainly the generator active load influences the voltage feeding the measuring element of ground-fault protection. Therefore, determining operating conditions of ground-fault protection the influence of the generator active and reactive load should be deeply considered. This can ensure the proper operation of the ground-fault protection based on the voltage third harmonics in the whole range of the changes in generator load. Considering the influence of changes in generator load on the third-harmonic voltages (feeding measuring element of the protection system) will allow eliminating irregular generator tripping as a result of unselective operation of these protections.     

热电发电器的研究进展

简要介绍了热电发电器的原理、特点、基本结构及其改进措施,总结了近年来国内外在热电发电器件研究方面的现状,最后展望了热电发电器的前景。     

Steam generator repair

This paper briefly describes the various maintenance techniques carried out on the French PWR steam generators. The major applications have arisen due to the occurrence of primary side stress corrosion cracking problems at various transition regions of the Inconel 600 tubing. Reference is also made to several other applications not directly concerned with the tubing.     

Injection-voltaic-controlled current generator

The injection-voltaic electromotive force in multilayered semiconductor structures is investigated. It is shown that it is possible to amplify the signal in a device that uses the injection-voltaic operation mode of bipolar transistors with power supply from a silicon solar cell.     

Effects of vortex generator on cylindrical protrusion aerodynamics

Experimental and numerical studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of vortex generator on a small cylindrical protrusion at Mach number 2.0. The experiments were performed using the supersonic blow down wind tunnel on different heights of cylindrical protrusion with vortex generator placed ahead of them. The upstream and downstream flow around the cylindrical protrusion is influenced by vortex generator as is observed using both visualization and pressure measurement techniques. Numerical studies using three dimensional steady implicit formulations with standard k-ω turbulence model was performed. Results obtained through the present computation are compared with the experimental results at Mach 2.0. Good agreements between computation and experimental results have been achieved. The results indicate that the aerodynamic drag acting on cylindrical protrusion can be reduced by adopting vortex generator.     

一级除盐系统再生剂用量的探讨

根据某火力发电厂热力系统对水质的要求,在一级除盐系统设备、主要工艺等条件不变时，通过调整实验确定了再生剂的最佳用量，即最佳酸碱耗，较大地降低了发电成本。     

Experimental study on low-temperature waste heat thermoelectric generator

In order to further studies on thermoelectric generation, an experimental thermoelectric generator unit incorporating the commercially available thermoelectric modules with the parallel-plate heat exchanger has been constructed. The experiments are carried out to examine the influences of the main operating conditions, the hot and cold fluid inlet temperatures, flow rates and the load resistance, on the power output and conversion efficiency. The two operation parameters such as the hot fluid inlet temperature and flow rate are found to significantly affect the maximum power output and conversion efficiency. A comparison of the experimental results with those from the previously published numerical model is also presented. The meaningful results obtained here may serve as a good guide for further improving the numerical model and conducting a system level optimization study in the next step. Also, the present study shows the promising potential of using this kind of thermoelectric generator for low-temperature waste heat recovery.     

内燃机车主发电机自励磁装置的研究

对我国内燃机车主发电机励磁系统采用的励磁机组励磁方式进行改进 ,利用三相全控桥对辅发发出的三相交流电进行整流给主发励磁的方式 ,省去了主发励磁机组 ,减少主发励磁系统的维护量 ,方便机车系统整体的布置 ,为内燃机车辅助系统的改造升级提供空间。