以护理电子病历为基础的疾病严重程度评估量表结合Barthel指数评定量表制定护理级别在五官科的应用

目的 探讨以护理电子病历为基础的疾病严重程度评估量表结合Barthel指数评定量表制定护理级别在五官科的应用效果。方法 采用便利抽样法选取2017年1月—10月新疆某三级甲等医院五官科857例住院患者为研究对象。将患者按病区分为观察组425例（耳鼻咽喉科）与对照组432例（口腔科）。对照组采用传统护理分级模式制定护理级别,观察组在传统护理分级模式基础上实施以护理电子病历为基础的疾病严重程度评估量表结合Barthel指数评定量表的模式制定护理级别。比较两组护士的护理质量、病情掌握准确率以及护理工作满意度。结果 观察组护士基础护理、特一级护理、急救药械、护理安全、消毒隔离、护理文书、技术水平、整体护理、行为规范质控得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组护士与照组护士病情掌握总准确率分别为95.51%和86.1%,比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组患者对护理内容、护理时效、护理态度、护理效果满意度得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;护理技术满意度与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 以护理电子病历为基础的疾病严重程度评估量表结合Barthel指数评定量表制定护理级别在五官科切实可行,可为进一步建立系统规范的分级护理体系提供参考。     

日常生活活动能力量表在分级护理管理中的应用研究

目的 探讨采用日常生活活动能力(ADL)量表Barthel指数评分进行护理分级对护理质量的影响.方法 将402例住院患者随机分为观察组221例和对照组191例.对照组患者由医生开写护理级别医嘱,由护士依照执行.观察组由责任护士根据患者的ADL得分确定患者的护理级别,给予相应的护理.针对不同护理级别的服务要求为2组患者实施相同的护理服务措施,同时将各护理级别的服务要求以书面形式公示给患者.采用《基础护理质量评价标准》、《住院患者对分级护理的满意度调查表》、《患者直接护理内容和时间测定表》进行检查和问卷调查,数据采用SAS软件进行分析.结果 (1)观察组直接护理时间、基础护理得分、患者对分级护理的满意度显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).(2)观察组ADLⅢ级43例直接护理时间、基础护理评价得分明显高于对照组医嘱Ⅰ级168例(P＜0.01),但分级护理的满意度得分二者比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(3)观察组211例3种护理分级方法的护理效果两两比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 在护理人力资源不足的现实情况下,应用ADL评分表进行护理分级,能提高基础护理质量,提高患者对护理工作的满意度.     

Barthel指数量表在护理分级实践中的应用

目的:探讨Barthel指数量表在护理分级实践中的应用效果。方法:将收治的500例脑卒中偏瘫患者,根据不同护理方法分为观察组262例和对照组238例,对照组按照医嘱进行护理分级并给予常规护理,观察组由护士根据Barthel指数评分标准进行护理分级,比较两组护理质量、满意度、医护人员护理级别及临床效果。结果:观察组护理质量及满意度均明显高于对照组(P0.05);两组医护人员护理级别比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗4周后Barthel指数及患侧肢体Fugl-Meyer评分均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:Barthel指数量表在指导临床护理分级方面有重要价值,有效地起合理配置护理服务资源、提升整体服务质量、改善患者结局的作用。     

两种不同护理分级方法在老年住院病人中的应用

[目的]了解住院病人不同护理级别与自理能力情况的差异性,分析引起差异的原因,为合理正确地划分病人护理级别、修改分级护理内容提供理论依据。[方法]对综合性医院的80个病区中3 192例住院病人进行调查,采用日常生活自理能力评估量表(ADL)评估病人的生活自理能力,比较采用医嘱分级护理法与ADL量表分级法的差异。[结果]非手术科室医嘱分级护理与ADL等级评估本组资料存在统计学差异。[结论]住院病人分级护理等级与ADL等级、基础护理需求情况不相适应,建议依据病人的病情综合各方面情况,使用ADL量表评分来划分护理级别,满足病人对护理服务的需求。     

基于医护合作决策的分级护理的实施效果

目的 探讨基于医护合作共同决策的分级护理模式的实施效果。方法 便利抽样选取2014年11月至2015年7月于温州市中心医院住院的患者398例,将患者随机分为观察组(199例)和对照组(199例),观察组由主管医生和责任护士合作决策患者的护理等级,对照组则采用传统护理分级实施方法,比较两组患者护理级别、护理质量和满意度的差别。结果 两组患者护理分级构成差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中:两组患者一级护理、二级护理差异有统计学意义(P0.05);特级护理、三级护理差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组护理质量达标率、护理质量评分以及健康教育落实率均高于对照组(均P0.05);医嘱执行评分两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组在工作效率、主动服务、病房环境、护患关系及健康教育等项目的满意度方面明显高于对照组(均P0.05)。两组护理技术、服务质量及人文关怀等方面差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论 基于医护合作共同决策的分级护理模式适合临床护理的发展,可提高分级护理质量,提高患者满意度。     

运用日常生活活动能力量表对患者实施分级护理的效果

目的探讨护理人员运用日常生活活动能力（ADL）量表实施分级护理对分级护理内涵质量的影响。方法选择内、外科2个病区554例患者,将患者采用随机数字表法随机分为对照组和实验组各277例。对照组由医生开具护理级别医嘱,护士实施常规分级护理;实验组由医生开具护理级别医嘱,护士按医嘱进行病情观察,并根据ADL评分落实分级护理。采用“分级护理质量标准”进行两组分级护理内涵质量的比较。结果刚入院患者医嘱一级护理中89.47%患者ADL评分≤40分,有重度功能障碍;医嘱二级护理中20.17%患者ADL评分≤60分,生活不能自理或部分自理,79.83%患者生活能够自理;医嘱三级护理中100%患者生活能够自理。按医嘱护理分级和ADL评分分级两种分级方法对一、二、三级护理评估情况进行比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为15.41,615.11,510.77;P＜0.01）。实验组和对照组患者卫生［（14.40±0.87）分比（13.96±1.37）分］、导管护理［（15.00±0.06）分比（14.73±0.78）分］、压疮预防［（14.99±0.12）分比（14.46±1.16）分］、安全护理［（19.93±0.35）分比（19.12±1.39）分］和掌握病情［（24.55±0.72）分比（23.58±1.39）分］得分比较,差异具有统计学意义（t值分别为4.71,5.63,7.64,9.25,10.15;P＜0.01）;两组床单位质量得分比较差异无统计学意义［（9.02±0.88）分比（9.01±0.77）分;t=0.06,P＞0.05］。结论护理人员运用ADL量表实施分级护理有利于提高分级护理内涵质量,值得推广。     

基于护理电子病历的护理分级评定信息系统的应用

目的探讨基于护理电子病历的护理分级评定信息系统在五官科的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2017年1—10月收治于新疆医科大学第二附属医院五官科的患者857例,按病区分为观察组425例(耳鼻咽喉科)和对照组432例(口腔科)。对照组采用传统护理分级模式制订护理级别,观察组在传统护理分级模式基础上实施以护理电子病历为基础的疾病严重程度评估量表结合Barthel指数评定量表的模式制订护理级别。比较两组护士的护理质量、病情掌握准确率及护理工作满意度。结果观察组护士基础护理、特1级护理、急救药械、护理安全、消毒隔离、护理文书、技术水平、整体护理、行为规范质控得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组护士和对照组护士病情掌握总准确率分别为95.5%和86.1%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者对护理内容、护理时效、护理态度、护理效果满意度得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);护理技术满意度与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论基于护理电子病历的护理分级评定信息系统在五官科具有良好的应用效果,有助于为进一步建立系统规范的分级护理体系提供参考。     

健康教育联合心理护理对肺癌患者癌性疼痛及生活质量的影响分析

目的：分析健康教育联合心理护理对肺癌患者癌性疼痛及生活质量的影响。方法：回顾性分析2016年5月~2018年12月收治的肺癌患者70例,按护理方式分为对照组和研究组,各35例。对照组给予常规护理,研究组给予健康教育联合心理护理。比较两组患者癌性疼痛、生活质量评分。结果：护理前,两组数字分级法疼痛评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;护理后,研究组数字分级法疼痛评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）。护理前,两组欧洲癌症治疗与研究组织生活质量测定量表评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;护理后,研究组欧洲癌症治疗与研究组织生活质量测定量表评分高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：肺癌患者接受健康教育联合心理护理干预,可显著缓解其癌性疼痛,改善生活质量。     

综合性医院Barthel指数评分纳入护理分级的现状调查

[目的]调查某市综合性三级医院住院病人自理能力(Barthel指数评分)纳入分级护理的医嘱实施情况。[方法]根据2014年颁布卫生行业标准《护理分级》内容自行设计调查问卷,对我院543名临床医生、护士进行调查;同时分别抽取开始实施标准5个月及2年后(除儿科及监护病房)的住院病人护理级别医嘱及Barthel指数评分进行对比分析。[结果]临床医生、护士对2014年颁布卫生行业标准《护理分级》实施时间、内容、Barthel指数内容知晓情况有差异(P0.01);医嘱护理级别与标准护理级别和Barthel指数评分符合率均低。医嘱级别与标准级别比较总符合率分别为标准实施5个月的71.1%及2年后的67.7%,相距近两年时间无显著提高(P0.05),医嘱护理级别和Barthel指数的交叉重合率分别为标准实施5个月的39.0%及2年后的51.1%(P0.01);Barthel指数评分分级与标准护理级别符合率分别为标准实施5个月的77.8%及2年后的89.6%(P0.01)。[结论]各级领导应重视加强对《护理分级》的贯彻学习,从制度上规范可操作的级别护理确立流程,加强对临床医护人员的培训及督查,进一步规范执行分级护理内容,完善分级护理制度。     

日常生活活动能力量表运用于分级护理中其质量及安全的研究

[目的]探讨运用日常生活活动能力(ADL)量表实施分级护理对分级护理质量和护理安全的影响。[方法]选择内外科两个病区,按病人入院时间顺序分为对照组、实验组。对照组由医生开具护理级别医嘱,护士实施常规分级护理;实验组由医生开具护理级别医嘱,护士按医嘱实施病情观察,同时护士根据ADL评分落实分级护理。采用"分级护理质量标准"进行检查和收集两组护理不良事件发生数。[结果]实验组和对照组分级护理质量有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组护理不良事件发生情况比较显著统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]运用ADL量表实施分级护理能有效提高护理质量,确保护理安全。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.