儿童良性部分性癫痫SPECT显像特点

目的探讨儿童良性部分性癫痫（ＢＰＥ）的ＳＰＥＣＴ显像特点。方法２１例ＢＰＥ患儿，在ＥＥＧ监测下，分别在觉醒期（棘波发放间期）和睡眠期（棘波发放期）进行ＳＰＥＣＴ显像，减影处理后重建断层影像。用脑血流功能变化率（ＢＦＣＲ％）数学模型进行定量分析。结果ＥＥＧ监测显示患儿觉醒期背景活动基本正常，睡眠期棘波发放频率明显增多。ＳＰＥＣＴ共见１１７个痫灶，平均每例５６±１６个。ＳＰＥＣＴ显像特点为：①多灶性镜像分布；②主要位于Ｒｏｌａｎｄｉｃ区；③“环形征”；④觉醒期的多处放射性减低区，睡眠期放射性明显填充。ＳＰＥＣＴ与ＥＥＧ的符合率为９３１％（１０９／１１７）。痫灶的ＢＦＣＲ％皆高于对应正常局部脑自然变化的范围（９９％可信区间）。棘波发放频率和ＢＦＣＲ％之间无相关性（ｒ＝０４５，Ｐ＞００５）。结论ＢＰＥ痫灶异常放电时，可致局部脑血流灌注和功能异常     

发作间期SPECT脑灌注显像在癫痫手术定位中的价值

本研究分析了８６例癫痫患者ＳＰＥＣＴ局部脑血流（ｒＣＢＦ）显像、ＥＥＧ和ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ与术中皮层脑电图（ＥＣｏＧ）的关系,以探讨ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流灌注显像对癫痫灶定位的作用。资料与方法１临床资料。受检者共８６例,男５７例,女２９例,年龄２５～４９岁;...     

抑郁症的基础与认知激活脑SPECT显像

目的通过抑郁症患者基础和认知激活局部脑血流（ｒＣＢＦ）灌注显像的半定量分析，评估抑郁症患者的脑血流灌注异常。方法选择２７例未经抗抑郁治疗、ＩＣＤ１０分类为中度抑郁发作伴躯体症状的患者，１５例年龄匹配的健康人作正常对照。２７例患者中２１例、１５例健康人中１３例行双日法基础与认知激活脑ｒＣＢＦ显像；另６例患者及２例健康人仅行基础脑ＳＰＥＣＴ显像。认知激活采用Ｗｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｎ卡片分类试验。半定量分析在横断面图像７～１１帧上进行，将各ＲＯＩ的平均计数与同侧小脑的最高计数相除，得到各ＲＯＩ的ｒＣＢＦ比值。结果抑郁症左额叶和左颞叶的基础ｒＣＢＦ值均为０７２０，明显低于对照组（０７６４和０７５０，Ｐ＜００５）；左额、左颞、左顶叶的认知激活ｒＣＢＦ值分别为０７１９、０６９０及０７０１，明显低于对照组（０７８２、０７５２和０７６６，Ｐ＜００１和Ｐ＜００５）。结论①抑郁症患者存在左额叶、左颞叶的局部血流低灌注。②额叶、颞叶皮层低灌注可能是引起抑郁症认知障碍、心境低落的原因。③Ｗｉｓｃｏｎｓｉｎ卡片分类试验认知激活脑ＳＰＥＣＴ显像有助于提高抑郁症的诊断准确性     

自发性脑出血局部脑血流SPECT显像研究

自发性脑出血局部脑血流ＳＰＥＣＴ显像研究刘新通詹国华我们对１９９３年３月～１９９５年５月经ＣＴ证实的５５例自发性脑出血患者进行了局部脑血流（ｒＣＢＦ）ＳＰＥＣＴ检查，并探讨了其与临床表现的关系，现将结果报道如下。对象与方法１对照组３０例，男１７例，...     

脑梗塞患者SPECT血流灌注显像与认知电位变化研究

目的：对４６例脑梗塞病人的ＳＰＥＣＴ脑血流灌注显像及神经机能联系障碍与认知电位变化之间关系进行探讨。方法：用ＳＰＥＣＴ观察脑血流灌注情况，测得局部脑血流量（ｒＣＢＦ）比值。认知电位则采用听觉ｏｄｄｂａｌｌ模式诱发Ｐ３００波。结果：可见梗塞灶区域以及远隔部位的脑血流灌注减少，其ｒＣＢＦ比值均小于０．９。认知电位检测亦显示Ｐ３００波潜伏期延长或消失，与ｒＣＢＦ减少有明显的相关性（ｒｓ＝０．８７６，Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论：脑血流灌注减少及其神经功能联系障碍导致认知功能减退，且与ｒＣＢＦ减少的部位和范围呈正相关。     

~（99m）Tc－HMPAO SPECT在研究偏头痛中的临床应用

采用９９ｍＴｃ－ＨＭＰＡＯ　ＳＰＥＣＴ对４８例偏头痛患者做了脑灌注显像。结果显示，８５．４％患者局部脑血流灌注（ｒＣＢＦ）减低，有先兆偏头痛间歇期（ｎ＝５）ｒＣＢＦ均降低，无先兆偏头痛发作期９１．７％（ｎ＝１２）患者ｒＣＢＦ降低，而间歇期８３．９％（ｎ＝３１）患者ｒＣＢＦ降低，注射Ｓｕｍａｔｒｉｐｔａｎ治疗（ｎ＝４）后，头痛缓解后ｒＣＢＦ改善。因此，ＳＰＥＣＴ的脑灌注显像可用来评价临床偏头痛患者的脑血流状态，以及寻求针对性的治疗。     

~(99m)Tc-ECD SPECT断层影像采血法和非采血法定量测定rCBF和CBF的对照研究

目的：应用９９ｍＴｃＥＣＤＳＰＥＣＴ断层影像采血和非采血法定量测定ｒＣＢＦ和ＣＢＦ。材料和方法：正常对照组１５例,疾病组１０例。采血法用动脉化静脉血样求得血中９９ｍＴｃＥＣＤ的浓度;非采血法用头颈平面像求得血中９９ｍＴｃＥＣＤ浓度。结果：正常对照组采血法ｒＣＢＦ２５０±４０～５９１±７６ｍｌ．ｍｉｎ－１·（１００ｇ）－１,ＣＢＦ４３０±３６ｍｌ．ｍｉｎ－１·（１００ｇ）－１;非采血法ｒＣＢＦ２６１±３２～６０３±６８ｍｌ．ｍｉｎ－１·（１００ｇ）－１,ＣＢＦ４３５±４４ｍｌ．ｍｉｎ－１·（１００ｇ）－１。和其他方法测得的正常值很接近。疾病组两法测定的结果基本一致。结论：用９９ｍＴｃ－ＥＣＤＳＰＥＣＴ断层影像测定ｒＣＢＦ和ＣＢＦ是可行的,可作为评价脑血流灌注的定量指标。     

白质疏松病人局部脑血流变化的初步研究

为探讨白质疏松（ＬＡ）病人ＬＡ区域和皮质部位的局部脑血流（ｒＣＢＦ）变化及与痴呆的关系，对２４例伴有ＬＡ〔ＬＡ（＋）〕、２５例无ＬＡ〔ＬＡ（－）〕的皮质下多发性脑梗塞病人及１０例正常对照者行脑血流ＳＰＥＣＴ显像，并与智能评分进行相关分析。结果：ＬＡ（＋）组与正常组相比，额叶、颞叶、顶叶、ＬＡ区域ｒＣＢＦ显著降低（ｔ＝２１２～２５４，Ｐ＜００５）；与ＬＡ（－）组相比，额叶和顶叶皮质、ＬＡ区域ｒＣＢＦ显著减少（ｔ＝２１１～２６０，Ｐ＜００５）；ＬＡ（＋）组长谷川智能评分与额叶皮质、ＬＡ区域ｒＣＢＦ变化呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０７６５，Ｐ＜００１和ｒ＝０４３９，Ｐ＜００５）。结果表明，伴ＬＡ的多发性脑梗塞病人，ＬＡ区和皮质区域存在广泛血流灌注不足，持续的低灌注状态可引起脑功能低下，并与痴呆的程度有一定关系；脑血流ＳＰＥＣＴ显像具有独特优势和价值。     

突发性感音神经性聋的rCBF显像研究

目的探讨局部脑血流（ｒＣＢＦ）断层显像对突发性感音神经性聋（简称突聋）的临床价值。方法对１０例正常志愿者，１９例传音性耳聋（简称传聋）及３１例突聋患者治疗前行ｒＣＢＦ显像，并与同期ＣＴ对照；随访突聋病例６～１２个月，并复查ｒＣＢＦ显像。结果①突聋的病灶（位于颞横回）与正常脑组织的放射性比值（Ｔ／ＮＴ）明显低于传聋和正常组；②ｒＣＢＦ显像诊断突聋的灵敏度（８０６％）和准确率（８８３％）明显高于ＣＴ（３２％和５０％）；③突聋的Ｔ／ＮＴ值与耳聋程度有较高的相关性；④ｒＣＢＦ显像无异常的突聋患者预后较好；⑤ｒＣＢＦ显像与临床预后观察有较高的一致性（８４６％）。结论ｒＣＢＦ显像对突聋的诊断明显优于ＣＴ。     

胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者的~（99m）Tc─HMPAO局部脑血流灌注SPECT研究

胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者的９９ｍＴｃ┐ＨＭＰＡＯ局部脑血流灌注ＳＰＥＣＴ研究［英］／ＫｅｙｍｅｕｌｅｎＢ…∥ＥｕｒＪＮｕｃｌＭｅｄ．－１９９６，２３（２）．－１６３～１６８应用三探头ＳＰＥＣＴ显像，进行详细、精确的ｒＣＢＦ（局部脑血流）半定量测定，观察...     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

磁共振DWI和动态增强鉴别颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强在颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤(IPA)鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实且影像学有鞍区破坏的颅底脊索瘤患者15例、向鼻咽部侵犯的IPA患者20例.测量二者的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析动态增强曲线的类型,统计达峰时间(TTP)、增强峰值(EP)和最大对比增强率(MCER),分析各个参数在鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 颅底脊索瘤的ADC值为(1.274±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,高于IPA ADC值(0.672±0.03) ×10-3 mm2/s(P ＜0.001),ADC阈值为0.964×10-3mm2/s时,ROC曲线下面积为0.997,敏感度为93.3％,特异度为100％.颅底脊索瘤时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)Ⅰ型14例,TICⅢ型1例,此例TICⅢ型者TTP约40 s;IPA TIC Ⅰ型7例,TICⅢ型13例.颅底脊索瘤和IPA的EP、MCER差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 ADC值和TIC的类型及其相关参数(EP,MCER)有助于颅底脊索瘤和IPA之间的鉴别.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.