炸药的易损性及其评价

一、前言众所周知,炸药是各种弹头及战斗部的主要装药。因此,研究炸药在装弹壳内以后的安全性能,具有十分重要的现实意义。炸药的易损性,就是指炸药在装弹后的服役过程中的安全性能,亦即装在弹壳内的炸药对各种外界刺激作用的敏感程度。在受到各种外界刺激作用时,容易引起自爆的,易损性就高,不容易引起自爆的易损性就低。由此可见,炸药的易损性取决于成型了的炸药装药的感度,或者说取决于大尺寸炸药柱的感度。实践证明,粉末状的小     

炸药的易损性及其评价

一、前言众所周知,炸药是各种弹头及战斗部的主要装药。因此,研究炸药在装弹壳内以后的安全性能,具有十分重要的现实意义。炸药的易损性,就是指炸药在装弹后的服役过程中的安全性能,亦即装在弹壳内的炸药对各种外界刺激作用的敏感程度。在受到各种外界刺激作用时,容易引起自爆的,易损性就高,不容易引起自爆的易损性就低。由此可见,炸药的易损性取决于成型了的炸药装药的感度,或者说取决于大尺寸炸药柱的感度。实践证明,粉末状的小规模的小药量的实验室测量结果,不能代表装在各种大尺寸弹壳内的炸药装药的感度。     

浇注PBX炸药的配方设计与性能研究

高聚物粘结炸药(PBX)炸药是一种性能优良的低易损性炸药。为探究提高PBX炸药安全性及可靠性的方法,对炸药配方进行了研究;通过测试试样的感度及5s爆发点等试验方法,分析了炸药组分含量对性能的影响。结果表明:粘结体系的适量增加可达到降低感度、提高热安定性的效果;钝感炸药LLM-105可以在不影响炸药爆轰性能的情况下,改善炸药的勤务安全性。以上结果可为类似炸药的研究提供参考。     

低易损性PBX炸药烤燃试验方法研究

烤燃试验是评估和检验炸药易损性能的重要试验之一。通过分析炸药的安全可靠性及战场生存能力阐明了PBX炸药烤燃试验的意义和重要性,论述了PBX炸药烤燃试验国内外的发展现状,介绍了烤燃试验的方法,分析了影响烤燃试验结果的主要因素。     

从炸药装药装备现状看21世纪发展趋势

介绍了国外高能混合炸药的装备现状，分析了21世纪炸药装药的发展趋势。认为应继续发展以RDX、HMX为主体的高能混合炸药，加强低易损性炸药包括分子间炸药的研制，并积极发展燃料空气炸药。     

炸药自由基的检测及钝感机理探讨(简报)

以顺磁共振为手段获得了冲击下RDX炸药的自由基信号,并以获得的自由基谱线为依据,用顺磁共振等分析仪器测定吸气剂（getter)捕获自由基的能力,评价炸药的低易损性,提出了以自由基理论为基础的钝感机理来指导设计低易损炸药的思想。     

低易损性混合炸药TEHJ—1研制成功

由二○四所二部与北京理工大学八系联合研制的注装型低易损性混合炸药 TEHJ-1,经过双方多年共同努力,已经研制成功,近日通过了二○四所组织的技术鉴定。经测定,该炸药低易损性能良好。例如:它不能直接被8~#电雷管引爆、模拟弹在快速烤燃或子弹冲击实验时只燃烧不爆炸、它的冲击波感度和射流感度测定值与 TATB 近似。同时该炸药还有     

含铝炸药水中爆炸能量输出结构

通过测定、计算、分析不同类型炸药水中爆炸能量输出参数，揭示了不同类型炸药在水中爆炸能量输出特性，分析了高威力含铝炸药组成铝氧比对水中爆炸能量输出结构的影响。研究结果表明，在一定的对比距离上，当铝氧比为0．35—0．40时，水中爆炸冲击波能达到最高；当铝氧比增大到1．00时，其水中爆炸的气泡能接近最大值。这种方法可使水中爆炸装置能量输出结构与爆炸目标的易损性相匹配，借以提高温炸毁伤效果。     

一种低易损性战斗部用炸药-B2214

介绍了法国研究的一种低易损性炸药Ｂ２２１４的组成及其性能。     

低易损性混合炸药 TEHJ-1研制成功

由二○四所二部与北京理工大学八系联合研制的注装型低易损性混合炸药 TEHJ-1,经过双方多年共同努力,已经研制成功,近日通过了二○四所组织的技术鉴定。经测定,该炸药低易损性能良好。例如:它不能直接被8~#电雷管引爆、模拟弹在快速烤燃或子弹冲击实验时只燃烧不爆炸、它的冲击波感度和射流感度测定值与 TATB 近似。同时该炸药还有7500m/s 以上的实测爆速,物理化学安定性能良好,渗油性小,抗拉强度高。其主要原材料     

不同约束条件下钝化RDX的烤燃响应特性

以2℃/min的升温速率对带壳的钝化RDX炸药进行慢烤试验,研究了不同约束条件下钝化RDX的烤燃响应特性.结果表明,材料相同时,随着厚度的增加炸药耐烤燃时间随之增长,但反应的剧烈程度逐渐减弱;厚度相同时,耐烤燃特性随材料物理性能的不同发生变化.根据材料力学理论和传热学理论,对所产生的现象进行了分析.结果表明,材料相同时,增加壳体的厚度,可以提高钝化RDX的热安定性;材料不同时,采用热导性低的材料可以提高炸药的热安定性.     

射流撞击下发射装药的易损性响应特性

用空心装药射流作标准射流源,研究了4种典型发射装药在空心装药射流撞击下的易损性响应特性。分析了约束条件、尺度效应等对响应结果的影响。结果表明,4种典型发射装药均发生了较为强烈的反应,由弱到强的排序为太根药、单基药、硝基胍药和硝胺药,其反应等级依次为爆炸、爆炸、部分爆轰和部分爆轰。     

密封条件对钝化RDX快速烤燃响应特性的影响

为评估传爆药的易损性,设计了密封状态不同的多种烤燃弹结构。用快速烤燃实验方法,研究了壳体密封条件对RDX基传爆药的烤燃响应特性,分析了影响传爆药大火烤燃响应特性的主要因素。结果表明,壳体密封结构是影响钝化RDX烤燃响应的关键因素。相同条件下,随着壳体密封条件的减弱,传爆药快速烤燃响应的剧烈程度增加,认为壳体的密封条件影响传爆药的易损性,壳体采用一定的泄漏方式能够降低传爆药的火烤易损性能。     

配合物起爆药的结构与性能

比较了配合物起爆药中,不同中心金属离子、不同配位体和阴离子对起爆药性能的影响。硝酸根为阴离子的起爆药的机械感度低。5-硝基四唑为配位体的起爆药的各种感度均较低,且爆热、爆容和爆速均较大,爆发点高,是高能钝感配位体。锌为中心金属离子起爆药热安定性最高。     

Quantum Chemistry Derived Criteria for Impact Sensitivity

Energetic materials are a special and important kind of substance. Impact sensitivity, which refers to the vulnerability to explosion under external stimuli, measures the safety and reliability of an energetic material and is a critical property. Various efforts have been made to rationalize the impact sensitivity of different types of energetic materials. Since a chemical explosion is a chemical reaction dominated phenomenon, a comprehensive understanding of such explosive processes requires detailed information of chemical bonding and molecular interaction. Quantum chemistry provides a modern theory of chemical bonding and computational quantum chemistry is a powerful tool to investigate chemical phenomena. Even at the very beginning of computational quantum chemistry, researchers in the field of energetic materials have begun to apply quantum chemistry to explosive properties. In this paper we review the quantum chemistry studies on impact sensitivity and examine various quantum chemistry derived parameters used to rationalize the impact sensitivity ordering of various energetic materials.     

Reparametrization of the BKW Equation of State for the Triazoles and Comparison of the Detonation Properties of HMX,TNMA and NTO by means of Ab-Initio and Semiempirical Calculations

For some years, the research and the new composition development to low vulnerability make the many object works. In the perspective to realize new explosive formulation candidates to EIDS and more effective, the oxynitrotriazole(ONTA or NTO) is an interesting substance. Among melt cast formulations, the composition AFX-644, developed by the US Air Force⁽¹⁾, is considered as EIDS(Extremely Insensitive Detonating Substances) but its performances are too low. One of the possibilities to improve these formulations is to estimate detonation characteristics of these new substances by calculation codes so as to decrease the number of experimental tests and therefore to reduce the cost price. This paper describes the result of the reparametrization studies on the Becker-Kistiakowsky-Wilson(BKW) equation of state for the triazoles. The new set of BKW parameters(α=0.5; β=0.18; κ=11.8; θ=1850) give realistic values for the detonation properties and the predicted ab-initio F. BKW, semiempirical Kamlet and the experimental detonation celerities are in good agreement for each set of parameters for the Nitroaromatics, Nitramines and Triazoles.     

抗冻岩石膨化硝铵炸药的实验研究

介绍了通过降低复合油相的凝固点来制备抗冻型岩石膨化硝铵炸药的方法，对多种抗冻剂的抗冻性能进行了测试和分析，并得出最佳的抗冻复合油相配方及其炸药。实验结果表明，该炸药在经过低温（－18℃）贮存后仍具有优良的物理性能和爆炸性能。     

Evaluation of Plastic Bonded Explosive (PBX) Formulations Based on RDX,Aluminum, and HTPB for Underwater Applications

Aluminized high explosives are known to give better underwater performance. All explosive formulations for underwater targets are filled into warheads and shells by casting method. TNT, a high explosive is used as casting medium due to its lower melting point. Plastic bonded explosives are fast replacing TNT‐based high explosive formulations for the reasons that they are more insensitive and low vulnerable explosives with better shelf life. Few aluminized plastic bonded explosive formulations based on RDX, aluminum, and HTPB have been processed, varying the aluminum content from 0 to 35% and evaluated underwater. The present paper discusses the experimental methodology adopted to evaluate the above formulations for their ballistic parameters, viz., peak over pressure and impulse. Explosion bulge tests have been conducted with each explosive formulation and extent of bulge in test plates is presented and compared with a standard underwater explosive, viz., HBX‐3.     

火电厂煤粉爆炸特性测试方法的研究

介绍一种可调温的煤粉／空气混合物爆炸性能测试方法,试验结果表明该试验方法和评价方法能较好地反映煤粉的爆炸特性,为判别中国火电厂电力用煤的爆炸特性及制定各种防爆措施提供参考依据。     

Effect of initial air pressure on the detonation activity of an explosive aerosuspension

The effect of air pressure (0.01–0.3 MPa) on the detonatability of an aerosuspension of secondary explosive particles at a low mean volume density of the explosive (0.14–1.28 mg/cm³) is experimentally studied. The structure and basic parameters of detonation depending on the explosive density and initial gas pressure are determined, and the mechanism of low-velocity detonation propagation in explosive aerosuspensions is revealed. The lower concentration limits of detonation at different initial gas pressures are found.