碳系导电填料性质对PVB基功能薄膜结构及电磁屏蔽效能的影响

分别以形状和电导率不同的石墨、镀镍石墨和镀银碳纤维为功能填料,采用溶液流延法制备了聚乙烯醇缩丁醛基导电薄膜,并对薄膜的微观结构和电学性能进行了研究。结果表明:填料性质(包括形状、密度和电导率)对复合材料的分布结构和电学性能有重要影响,纤维状的填料更容易搭接成导电网络。石墨和镀银碳纤维填充体系中,填料在聚合物基体内部分布基本均匀;而镀镍石墨填充体系中,填料在聚合物基体内部形成了梯度分布。不同的分布状态导致材料的导电性能在薄膜的上下表面产生差异并对复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能产生影响。在同等体积含量下,复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能主要受材料电导率的影响,三种复合材料中,镀银碳纤维填充体系的屏蔽效能最高,镀镍石墨填充体系次之,石墨填充体系最低。     

碳纳米管膜层间改性碳纤维/双马来酰亚胺复合材料的结构调控及性能

对比研究了热塑性层间增韧和碳纳米管(CNT)膜层间混杂碳纤维(CF)/双马来酰亚胺复合材料不同层间结构调控方法,分析了其复合材料的压缩、动态力学、导电和电磁屏蔽等性能的变化。结果表明,热密实可显著降低层间CNT膜的厚度,抑制其局部富树脂程度,CNT膜-CF混杂复合材料的压缩强度得以提升,其压缩断口形貌明显不同于初始的CF复合材料。对比而言,热塑性树脂层间增韧CF复合材料的压缩强度明显低于CNT膜/CF混杂复合材料。CNT膜的加入贯通了混杂复合材料的层间导电通路,其厚度方向电导率提高了3个数量级,然而不同复合材料的体积电导率则表现出明显的“木桶效应”。值得关注的是,CNT膜层间混杂对提高CF复合材料的电磁屏蔽特性作用显著,其中致密CNT膜混杂复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能可达到90 dB。      

镀银玻璃微珠/炭纤维填充导电硅橡胶的电磁屏蔽性能

分别研究了用镀银玻璃微珠,炭纤维和镀银玻璃微珠/炭纤维复合填料填充的硅橡胶的电磁屏蔽效能。结果表明,在2.6 GHz~3.95 GHz频段内,镀银玻璃微珠填充量越大,导电硅橡胶的电磁屏蔽效能越高,镀银玻璃微珠填充量为180份时,样品的屏蔽效能的峰值为-115.2 dB。添加少量炭纤维能够提高镀银玻璃微珠/炭纤维复合填料填充橡胶的电磁屏蔽性能,当炭纤维添加量增加到20份时,镀银玻璃微珠/炭纤维复合填料填充硅橡胶(镀银玻璃微珠填充量120份)的电磁屏蔽效能峰值达到-82.0 dB,高于填充量为150份的单纯镀银玻璃微珠填料样品的电磁屏蔽效能,并且能够提高导电硅橡胶的力学性能并降低成本。     

低压缩永久变形导电炭黑/硅橡胶复合材料的制备与性能

为获得一种低压缩、永久变形及高回弹的导电屏蔽硅橡胶密封材料,以经偶联剂表面处理的炭黑作补强剂及导电填料,乙烯基硅橡胶生胶作基料,制备出一种导电炭黑/硅橡胶复合材料。研究了不同炭黑含量的导电炭黑/硅橡胶复合材料的力学性能、弹性、分散性以及电性能,采用SEM观察了炭黑在硅橡胶基体中的分布形貌,分析了导电炭黑/硅橡胶复合材料的导电机制及屏蔽机制。结果表明:随着炭黑含量的增加,导电炭黑/硅橡胶复合材料的Shore A硬度由31增至70;拉伸强度先由3.31 MPa增至5.28 MPa,而后趋于稳定;拉断伸长率先由198%增至297%,然后再减小至210%;恒定压缩永久变形量先减小后增大,瞬间回弹率逐渐减小;由于"炭黑簇"的形成及导电通路的完善,导电炭黑/硅橡胶复合材料的导电性能及屏蔽效能增强。     

炭黑/碳纤维/ABS电磁屏蔽复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用硅烷偶联剂KH550改性炭黑(CB),浓硝酸氧化碳纤维(CF),将表面处理前后的炭黑和碳纤维与丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)树脂通过混炼挤出制备了电磁屏蔽复合材料,考察了炭黑、碳纤维含量及表面处理对复合材料体积电阻率和屏蔽效能的影响。实验结果表明,采用KH550改性炭黑可以达到改性目的,浓硝酸氧化碳纤维后,其表面接上了羰基和羧基。随着炭黑含量增加,复合材料的体积电阻率逐渐下降,且变化规律符合"渗滤效应",在100～1800MHz频率范围内,屏蔽效能逐渐增加,采用1%KH550改性炭黑后,导电性能和屏蔽效能均得到提高。加入碳纤维后,复合材料的导电性能和屏蔽效能均有较大提高,且含量为2%时,分别达到最大值,采用浓硝酸氧化碳纤维后,导电性能得到进一步提高,屏蔽效能提高了1dB左右。     

碳纳米管含量对碳纳米管-纤维素复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的影响

以石墨化处理的碳纳米管为导电填料、纤维素纤维为基体,用真空抽滤法制备碳纳米管-纤维素纤维复合材料,用扫描电子显微镜、四探针电阻仪、矢量网络分析仪等手段对其进行了表征,研究了碳纳米管含量对碳纳米管-纤维素复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的影响。结果表明,样品的形状和电阻可控,具有良好的柔韧性、导电性能和电磁屏蔽性能。碳纳米管吸附于纤维上,构成了良好的导电网络。在碳纳米管加载量由10%提高到71%的过程中,碳纳米管复合纸的电导率和屏蔽性能明显提高,电导率由9.92 S/m提高为216.3 S/m,在175 MHz-1600 MHz频段屏蔽效能由15d B提高为45d B。     

天然橡胶共混物中超导电炭黑的偏聚及其对电磁性能的影响

采用机械共混法,在天然橡胶(NR)、环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)及其1∶1的共混物(NR/ENR)中添加超导电炭黑(SCCB),制备电磁屏蔽橡胶复合材料,研究了SCCB含量和基体极性差异对复合材料结构和电磁性能的影响。结果表明,随着SCCB含量增加,复合材料导电率(σ)和电磁屏蔽效能(EMI SE)逐渐增大,σ和EMI SE变化符合基于填料浓度的"逾渗"行为,并呈现以吸收为主导的电磁屏蔽机制;由于NR与ENR极性差异诱导的SCCB选择性分布,SCCB/NR/ENR复合材料具有最优的电磁性能,即最低的逾渗值(2.11%(体积分数))和最高的EMI SE(5.33 d B)。此外,还讨论了电磁性能与SCCB联通性之间的关系。     

电磁屏蔽特种工程塑料制备及应用研究进展

对近年来关于特种工程塑料基电磁屏蔽材料的研究进展进行了综述.重点总结分析了填料选择和结构设计对特种工程塑料基电磁屏蔽复合材料屏蔽效能和屏蔽机理的影响效应.研究人员通过结构设计使填料取向分布,富集连通形成高效导电网络;通过填料选择与改性,改善填料分布、调控材料电导率和磁导率,有效提升了材料的电磁屏蔽性能.另外,提出了电磁屏蔽特种工程塑料的未来研究方向并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

不同基体对复合涂料的微结构及电磁屏蔽效能的影响

采用镍粉(Ni)与樟脑磺酸二次掺杂聚苯胺(PAn-CSA)为导电填料,以KH-550硅烷为偶联剂,分别以丙烯酸树脂、醇酸油漆、酚醛油漆为基体制备成各种电磁屏蔽涂料,分别对其电导率(ρ)和电磁屏蔽效能(SE)的测试与分析。结果表明,ρ丙烯酸树脂ρ醇酸油漆ρ酚醛油漆,SE丙烯酸树脂SE醇酸油漆SE酚醛油漆;采用扫描电子显微镜对其表面形貌进行观察与分析,观测的结果,导电填料在基体中分散的均匀性大小:丙烯酸树脂醇酸油漆酚醛油漆,这与电导率和电磁屏蔽效能测量的结果是一致的。     

碳纳米管/聚苯乙炔复合材料的导电性

用AlCl₃ 作催化剂制备了聚苯乙炔( PPA) , 用浓H₂SO₄ 进行磺化改性, 通过共混制得碳纳米管(CNT) /PPA 及磺化CNT/ PPA 复合材料, 进行导电性能、XRD 等测试。当CNT 含量增加时, 复合材料的电导率升高, 磺化CNT/ PPA 的导电阈值比CNT/ PPA 的导电阀值降低了1 %, 前者达到极限电导率所需CNT 的量是后者的10 %; 分析了随着温度变化影响复合材料电阻变化的因素; XRD 测试表明, 在CNT 界面上的磺化PPA 有新的晶型产生。      

多功能聚吡咯/聚酰亚胺电磁屏蔽复合膜的制备与性能研究

目的 开发具有优异屏蔽效率、轻质且热稳定性良好的电磁屏蔽材料。方法 以聚酰亚胺(PI)为聚合物基体,聚吡咯(PPy)为添加相,采用静电纺丝-低温原位聚合技术制备PPy/PI电磁屏蔽复合膜。通过在薄膜内部的多孔结构中构建致密的导电网络,赋予复合膜优异的导电性和高效的电磁屏蔽效能。结果 在聚合PPy浓度为0.1 mol/L时,复合膜的电导率和电磁屏蔽效能分别为2.23 S/cm和26.04 dB,且其单位厚度电磁屏蔽效能可达到110.81 dB/mm,展现出优异的电磁屏蔽性能。结论 PPy/PI复合纤维膜表现出良好的力学性能(拉伸强度为11.73 MPa)、优异的热稳定性(>400 ℃)和力学传感性能,具备在恶劣环境下广泛应用的潜力。     

Silicone rubber nanocomposites containing a small amount of hybrid fillers with enhanced electrical sensitivity

A conductive silicone rubber (SR) composite, filled with both carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) is prepared by a simple ball milling method. Because of the good dispersion and synergistic effects of CNT and CB, the SR composite (SR with 2.5 phr CB and 1.0 phr CNT hybrid fillers) shows improvement in mechanical properties such as tensile strength and strain to failure. As well, due to the assembly of conductive pathways generated by the CNT and CB, the nanocomposite becomes highly conductive at a comparatively low concentration, with high sensitivity for tensile and compressive stress. Long-term measurement of properties shows that the SR composite maintains the excellent electrical properties under different strain histories. These outstanding properties show that the SR composite has potential applications in tensile and pressure sensors.     

用超临界二氧化碳技术制备硅橡胶/碳纳米管/炭黑复合导电泡沫材料

以超临界二氧化碳为物理发泡剂,制备出一种具有良好导电性能的硅橡胶/碳纳米管/炭黑多相复合泡沫材料。系统研究了不同碳纳米管含量及不同加工参数对硅橡胶发泡行为和最终硅橡胶泡沫材料导电性能的影响。实验结果表明,碳纳米管和炭黑在硅橡胶基体中分散良好,无明显团聚体出现。均匀分散的碳纳米管能够提高发泡时的成核密度,从而得到具有较小泡孔尺寸和较高泡孔密度的泡沫材料。研究发现随着饱和温度升高,泡孔尺寸变大,泡孔合并现象明显;随饱和压力增加,泡孔尺寸变小,泡孔密度增加,泡孔合并现象减少。不同泡孔形态对应其导电性能也有所不同,当泡孔尺寸较小,泡孔分布均匀的泡沫材料导电性能较好。     

导电炭黑填充硅橡胶的电阻温度系数

以炭黑(CB3100)为导电相,硅橡胶为基质制备导电复合材料。研究导电橡胶中炭黑质量分数对电阻温度系数的影响,并用填料对电阻温度系数的影响。以隧道效应理论为基础,给出了导电炭黑填充橡胶的电阻温度系数计算模型,结合实验得到温度对导电炭黑/硅橡胶电阻温度系数的影响主要体现在对其电阻率的影响;基体的体积热膨胀提高复合材料的电阻率,提高了正电阻温度系数;炭黑粒子间的隧道效应降低复合材料的电阻率,增强了负电阻温度系数;在炭黑/硅橡胶中加入少量碳纳米管,利用碳纳米管和炭黑的协同补强效应,使复合材料的导电性和稳定性提高。     

碳纳米管在1～6GHz频段的电磁波屏蔽性能

研究了碳纳米管高频电磁波的屏蔽性能.碳纳米管经微波处理后在丙酮中经高速剪切分散,再加入到硅橡胶中经超声和搅拌分散制成试样.采用扫描电镜(SEM)观测碳纳米管在基体中的分散状况,采用AV3620型矢量网络分析仪检测电磁屏蔽性能.研究显示,随着碳纳米管加载量的增加,试样的导电性能和电磁屏蔽性能均得到 改善.碳纳米管加载量达到12%(质量分数,下同)时,试样的表面电阻率下降9个数量级,减小到103Ω,电磁屏蔽性能大幅提高.在1～6GHz频率范围内,屏蔽效能达到-30～-42dB.     

Effects of hybrid fillers on the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of polyamide 6/conductive filler composites

The effects of hybrid conductive fillers on the electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of polyamide 6 (PA6)/conductive filler composites were investigated. Nickel-coated carbon fiber (NCCF) was used as the main filler and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), nickel-coated graphite, carbon black, and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) were used as the second fillers in this study. From the results of morphological studies of the PA6/NCCF/second filler composites, NCCF easily formed an electrical pathway since it has a high aspect ratio and random orientation, and the second fillers seemed to disperse evenly in the PA6 matrix. The electrical conductivity and EMI SE of the PA6/NCCF composites were increased with the increase of NCCF content. Among the second fillers used in this study, TiO₂ appeared to be the most effective second filler with regard to increasing the EMI SE and electrical conductivity of the PA6/NCCF composite. This was probably because TiO₂ has a high dielectric constant with dominant dipolar polarization, consequently leading to greater shielding effectiveness due to the absorption of electromagnetic waves. From the above results of EMI SE and electrical conductivity, it was suggested that the TiO₂ produced a synergistic effect when it was hybridized with the NCCF of the PA6/NCCF/TiO₂ composites.     

A novel assembled carbon black/carbon nanotubes (CB/MWCNT) nano-structured composite for pressure-sensitive conductive silicon rubber (SR)

In this paper, a novel “grape string” carbon black/multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CB/MWCNT) structure was obtained by electro-static assembly method to enhance the resistance stability of the carbon material filled silicone rubber (SR). Carbon black (CB) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were surface modified by sulfonic dodecyl benzene sodium and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to provide negatively charge and positively charge, respectively. Electric conductive sheet of CB/MWCNT/SR composite was obtained by mixing and vulcanizing. The assembly effect and dispersion state of the composites were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The electrical conductivity and dynamic pressure-resistance characteristic of CB/MWCNT/SR with different doping ratio and dosage were tested. The results show that the proper weight ratio 3:2 of CB:MWCNT for electrostatic assembly can cause the stable “grape string” nano-structure. The conductivity and pressure-resistance characteristic are superior when the volume fraction of “grape string” nano-composites reaches 22%, which will provided with less filler fraction and better stress sensitivity, compared with single component carbon black filler.     

Foamed poly(lactic acid) composites with carbonaceous fillers for electromagnetic shielding

Electromagnetic shielding is one the key factors for electronic devices in their use and transportation. Polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer with a moderate biodegradability and decent mechanical properties. Replacement of traditional materials by biodegradable polymers brings about the fossil resources savings and helps solving problems related to the plastic packaging waste. In this work composites of PLA with carbon black and carbon nanofibers were described. Improvement of the material mass/electromagnetic interference SE (shielding effectiveness) ratio can be obtained by introducing foaming technology into the material preparation process. Microporous structure can greatly improve material properties such as thermal isolation, mechanical properties and in case of composites filled with carbonaceous fillers such as carbon black carbon fibres – also the electrical conductivity.In order to improve their application range and reduce density, a cellular structure was created using chemical blowing agent. It was found that in low loaded composites (although above the percolation level) the shielding effectiveness relies on the amount of a conductive filler but it may be additionally enhanced by the foaming process. Electrical properties, electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and morphology of cellular composites for described polymer-filler systems have been presented.