运营地铁隧道在线动力监测及时频特征分析

为了研究地铁隧道上部土层施工扰动下隧道结构的模态特征,对上海地铁12号线某盾构隧道进行了现场振动测试,分析了列车振动荷载作用下隧道结构时频域的特征变化规律,并基于自回归滑动模型（auto regressive moving average,简称ARMA）法提取了受土层扰动前后隧道结构的模态频率变化量。结果表明：盾构隧道结构呈现明显的中低频特性,主频域范围在0～200 Hz之间,列车振源的高频成分消散较快;受土层施工扰动后,隧道侧壁振动整体幅值和数据波动减小;隧道结构模态频率呈现减小的趋势,最大频率变化量为-2.935 Hz。研究结果可为复杂条件下隧道结构的模态识别及在役性能健康监测评估提供依据和支撑。     

串联式重型混动汽车动力总成弹性体模态试验识别研究

以串联式重型混合汽车动力总成为研究对象,研究动力总成结构组成特征以及动力总成与整车匹配与安装位置特征,搭建起动力总成弹性模态测试分析节点模型;采用单点激励多点响应法确定在同一激励下动力总成节点模型的不同节点位置的响应情况,其中通过多点尝试法选择激振点作为模态识别主激振点;通过MAC矩阵法来分析动力总成弹性体模态测试结果的准确性;结合弹性体模态测试分析结果,与匀速工况车内噪声特征来分析动力总成问题所在。     

基于流固耦合燃油箱动态特性分析

基于压力-位移传递方式建立流固耦合系统方程.针对燃油箱的动态特性问题,利用有限元计算软件ANSYS,采用非对称法提取不同油位燃油箱模态频率和振型,发现随着注油量的增大,燃油箱的振动频率下降.为了验证计算结果的可靠性,采用脉冲激振测试法进行模态试验,在Test Lab软件环境下识别各阶模态参数.对试验模态和有限元计算模态的相关性采用模态置信准则进行评估,判别试验测试遗漏的模态以及试验模态和计算模态的对应关系.对比试验数据和有限元计算数据,误差较小,结果可以作为燃油箱动态特性分析的依据.     

机械阻抗方法在振动分析中的应用 Ⅳ 机械阻抗与振动模态分析

列于简单振动系统,或激振观测座标较少,只要少数几个机械阻抗(传递函数)即可描述系统动力特性,用于振动分析。对于自由度很多、激振、观测座标很多的复杂振动结构(又称多输入、多输出系统),在结构动力学中普遍采用所谓模态分析(或振型分解)法。用无阴尼自由振动时的周有频率,、固有振型、广义质量等模态参数来描述系统的动力特性。以固有振型为广义座标,系统的响应可表为各阶模态(对应单自由系统)响应的迭加。结构     

主从机械手模态测试与分析

主从机械手传动精密结构复杂，其自身振动对其传动及稳定操作放射性物质有重要影响。通过简便易行的锤击脉冲激振法建立机械手的模态测试分析系统，有效解决机械臂这种复杂设备的模态测试。通过有限元预分析为模态试验方案提供参考，有限元分析和模态试验结果对比验证了有限元模型的准确性。该测试分析方法能准确识别机械手模态特性参数，为动力分析、结构优化和性能评估提供了坚实基础。     

机械阻抗方法在振动分析中的应用 Ⅶ 振动模态参数识别(图解方法)

机械阻抗测试最重要的应用之一,就是由测试数据确定结构振动模态参数,叫做试验模态分析。这也是结构动力学中系统识别技术,即由振动测试数据建立结构动态数学模型的基本内容,称为模态参数识别。有了整个系统的模态参数(模态频率、阻尼,振型和质量),即可得出激振点和响应点的传递函数解析表达式,从而可用于已知动载的动力响应计算;也可用于动力稳定性分析。对于飞行器,加上气动力(气动阻尼和气动刚度),还可用来进行颤振分析;有了亚临界风     

大型压裂泵车车架实验应变模态分析方法研究

为解决某大型压裂泵车作业过程中存在的振动异常现象问题,将应变响应的随机状态空间模态识别技术应用到整车振动分析中。开展了实验应变模态分析,建立了振动应变响应与车架振动特性之间的联系,提出了消除整车振动剧烈的方法。以泵车压裂作业下三缸泵振动为激振源,进行了该大型压裂泵车车架振动试验,得到了车架在实际约束下的前六阶模态频率。研究结果表明:利用应变响应的随机子空间法可以较好地识别出约束状态下车架的固有频率;车架在实际约束状态下低阶固有频率在1.79 Hz~32.1 Hz之间,该频率与三缸泵激振频率存在重合区,是引起整车振动异常的主要原因。     

大出力液压激振器

随着现代工程技术的发展,对各种机械产品刚度、振动和噪声的限制日益严格。对样机产品进行准静态及模态分析,掌握产品的动力特性,可以有效地改进产品的设计。要对产品进行准静态和模态分析,必须具备一套激振设备。作为机床及机械构件的激振,由于其刚度范围变化比较大,要求激振力值范围和激振频率范围都比较大。此外,还要求同时提供静态力和动态交变力来激振。计算机技术的突飞猛进的发展,使测试技术、分析技术迈入了一个崭新的阶段。德、美、日等国家相继开发了采用电液伺服技术的电液激振器,开创了动态激振的新时代。我国80年代初,开始将电…     

失谐对耦合摆链结构振动特性的影响

研究失谐对耦合摆链结构失谐后振动特性的影响。建立无量纲化的耦合摆链系统运动方程,采用振型分解法求解其动力响应。以5自由度和7自由度耦合摆链结构为例,分析耦合摆链结构的振动模态及在engine order形式的激振力下的动力响应。根据得到的结果,对系统由于失谐而出现的模态局部化、振动局部化、峰值分裂等现象及它们的联系进行深入讨论。     

大型空间柔性桁架结构模态实验研究

提出杆系结构的内力脉冲激振法,克服了宽带随机激振法能量分散不易激起各阶模态以及正弦激励慢的缺点,并用半正弦冲击波形完成了大型空间柔性桁架结构的模态实验,得到了系统的固有频率和模态振型。实验结果与理论计算结果非常吻合,验证了理论计算方法的正确性。实验结果表明采用内力脉冲激振的方法能够有效地激起结构的固有频率。实验所得振动参数可为下一步空间柔性桁架结构振动主动控制提供直接依据。     

Output-only modal analysis of wind turbine tower based on vibration response under emergency stop

The identification technique of output-only modal parameters is proposed for the large wind turbine tower under emergency stop. Compared with the response of regular operating conditions, the immediate tower structural response under emergency stop much more resembles a state of free vibration, which is more appropriate for the modal identification of the wind turbine tower. The vibration response is measured in the nacelle, which is easy to perform in the field modal test. The variational mode decomposition (VMD) is applied to decompose the vibration response into several band-limited intrinsic mode functions. The free responses of decomposed functions are extracted by applying the random decrement technique (RDT). Finally, the modal damping ratio and natural frequency are identified from each free modal response by using the Hilbert transform method. Simulations and a 1.5 MW wind turbine field modal test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed identification method. The main modal parameters of wind turbine, including weak modes, are effectively extracted by using output-only vibration responses under emergency stop. The modal parameter identification method is provided for the large wind turbine structure under the engineering condition.     

基于ARMAV模型的结构参数辨识

根据激振信号{ft}和响应信号{xt}建立二维时序模型ARMAV(n,m,2),利用时序模型参数与模态参数的对应关系对结构进行模态参数辨识,识别出所有的模态参数,并根据时序模型参数进行功率谱估计。通过对电子机柜横梁的激振实验,表明用该种方法对结构参数的识别结果与理论值很吻合,可以在工程实际中对整个电子机柜结构进行参数识别,并可以得出功率谱图。     

基于模态叠加法的大型立式行星传动齿轮箱动力学分析及测试

根据某大型立式行星传动齿轮箱的结构和动态性能特点,建立了其直齿行星传动的平移-扭转耦合集中参数动力学模型,基于模态叠加法采用ADAMS动力学分析软件对齿轮箱的高速轴、低速轴、行星轮和太阳轮等构件进行了动力学特性分析,得到了整个传动系统的频响函数和模态频率。通过理论分析与现场测试结果进行对比,分析了该行星传动系统固有特性对齿轮箱产生的振动及噪声的影响。     

基于随机减量技术的模态参数识别方法探讨

大型基础工程结构的特征参数识别通常是通过对环境载荷激励的结构响应进行分析来实现,随机减量(Random Decrement,RD)技术是环境激励下的模态参数识别方法中应用较广的方法。在实际应用中受环境、测量等条件的限制,信号常为含有某些优势频率的非平稳信号,常常导致随机减量技术在识别结构参数尤其是系统阻尼时带来较大误差。为提高随机减量技术在环境激励作用下识别结构参数的准确性,文中从分析随机减量信号频谱中的频率分布特性入手,结合随机减量函数产生的触发条件,给出了一种利用信号频谱的统计特征进行模态参数识别的方法。数值仿真结果表明该函数能准确识别在含有优势频率环境载荷作用下的结构参数。     

The identification of a dam's modal parameters under random support excitation based on the Hankel matrix joint approximate diagonalization technique

Modal analysis is an effective method for monitoring a dam's health. Modal parameters can be identified from the measured vibration response of a dam under ambient excitation, such as that from an earthquake. In this paper, we first use the state space model to analyze the vibration of a dam under ambient support excitation and conclude that the nature excitation technique (NExT) can be used to the measured absolute acceleration response of the dam under band-limited stochastic support excitation to obtain its impulse response. To overcome some of the limitations of the traditional modal identification method for a structure under ambient excitation, we propose a modal parameter identification method based on the Hankel matrix joint approximate diagonalization (HJAD) technique. In this method, the Hankel matrix is defined as the covariance matrix of a vector, which is composed of measured acceleration responses, and their time-lagged data. This modal parameter identification method can be regarded as an improvement to the traditional time domain method because it introduces the joint approximate diagonalization (JAD) technique into the original method. On the other hand, the method can be regarded as an improvement to the SOBI-based modal identification method because it uses the Hankel matrix instead of the covariance matrix of response to perform the JAD. Therefore, this method combines the advantages of the two existing modal identification methods and overcomes some of their limitations. Compared with the SOBI-based modal parameter identification method, the implementation of the method presented in this paper is very convenient because we need only to add time-lagged response data to the analysis. The numerical analysis results show that the proposed modal parameter identification method based on HJAD technology not only has the advantage of a traditional blind modal parameter identification algorithm, but can also overcome the limitation of not being able to estimate more active modes than the number of available sensors. According to the satisfactory performance of this method in the analysis of strong-motion earthquake observation data for a gravity dam, the modal parameter identification method proposed in this paper has the potential for application in water conservancy engineering.     

TX1600镗铣加工中心立柱动态特性分析

用Sofidworks软件建立三维实体模型,在三维实体模型的基础上建立了TX1600镗铣加工中心立柱模态分析的有限元模型,用ANSYS有限元分析软件对它进行模态分析,通过求解得出前4阶固有频率和相应的主振型。为了解各阶频率对结构动载荷的响应情况,论文还将对TX1600数控加工中心立柱进行谐响应分析,结果得出数控中在受外部激振力下的动态响应特性,并在此基础上指出了机床存在的不足。     

汽车动力总成刚体惯性参数的辨识

本文以某动力总成为研究对象,基于试验模态分析方法进行了动力总成惯性参数辨识。首先给出了动力总成的频响函数及其拟合方法,并推导了动力总成表面响应和激励与坐标原点之间的关系,建立了动力总成运动学方程,进而得到了刚体惯性参数的表达式;然后以矩阵条件数的方法对动力总成模态试验过程中混入的干扰噪声进行了误差分析;基于测试点的矩阵条件数对响应点的位置进行了推导,并将其表达成与动力总成表面物理参数（如长度、面积等）有关的形式,从而得到了响应点的最好和最差布置形式以及最少的测试点数目;采用捶击法进行了动力总成模态试验,并以最小矩阵条件数原则进行了动力总成惯性参数的辨识。最后,本文也给出了关于进一步消除模态试验测量误差的一些措施。     

Experimental and computational investigations of thermal modal parameters for a plate-structure under 1200 °C high temperature environment

When a hypersonic aircraft flies at a high Mach number, the plate-like attitude control structures, such as the wings and rudders, will be exposed to an extremely high-temperature environment. To obtain the thermal modal parameters of a structure that are difficult to measure, a high-temperature transient heating test system and a vibration test system were combined to establish a test system that can perform the thermal/vibration test at 1200 °C. Infrared radiation heating was employed to generate a controlled time-varying high-temperature environment, and an exciter was used to exert vibration excitation on the free end of the cantilever rectangular plate. A self-developed extension configuration of a high-temperature-resistant ceramic pole was used to transfer the vibration signals of the structure to a non-high temperature zone, and the acceleration sensors were applied to identify the vibration signals. The test data were analyzed using a time-frequency joint analysis technique, and next, the key vibration characteristic parameters of structure in a thermal-vibration coupled environment up to 1200 °C (e.g., the modal frequency and modal vibration shape) were experimentally obtained. In addition, the numerical simulation on the thermal modal characteristics of a rectangular plate was performed. The calculated results coincide favorably with the test results, verifying the credibility and effectiveness of the experimental methods. The research results can provide an important basis for the dynamic performance analysis and safety design of structure under high-temperature thermal-vibration conditions for hypersonic flight vehicles.