采用微型包囊技术研制活性双歧联菌微囊微生态制剂

针对双歧杆菌活菌制剂在口服时,不耐受强胃酸,活性菌在有氧条件下容易失活,常温下保存期短等存在问题,将微型包囊技术应用于微生态制剂中,并已研制成活性双歧联菌株耐酸肠溶微囊微生态制剂, 获得较理想的效果.本文介绍了双歧联菌株混合培养工艺条件的优化研究, 活性双歧杆菌冻干保护剂和冻干条件的确定, 微型包囊复合囊材配方的优化研究, 最佳微型包囊方法的确定及微囊化条件的研究, 含活性菌微囊的耐酸肠溶试验, 含活性菌微囊的保存稳定性试验, 50升发酵罐中试结果,以及活性双歧联菌株微囊微生态制剂的研制等.     

采用微型包囊技术研制活性双歧联菌微囊微生态制剂

针对双歧杆菌活菌制剂在口服时，不耐受强胃酸，活性菌在有氧条件下容易失活，常温下保存期短等存在问题，将微型包囊技术应用于微生态制剂中，并已研制成活性双歧联菌株耐酸肠溶微囊微生态制剂，获得较理想的效果。本文介绍了双歧联菌株混合培养工艺条件的优化研究，活性双歧杆菌冻干保护剂和冻干条件的确定，微型包囊复合囊材配方的优化研究，最佳微型包囊方法的确定及微囊化条件的研究，含活性菌微囊的耐酸肠溶试验，含活性菌微囊的保存稳定性试验，50升发酵罐中试结果，以及活性双歧联菌株微囊微生态制剂的研制等。     

不同益生菌发酵乳ACEI活性比较

测定了6株德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种、6株嗜热链球菌、6株鼠李糖乳杆菌、4株双歧杆菌和天然发酵剂Kefir发酵产物的ACEI活性。结果显示,发酵产物的ACEI活性呈现种属和菌株差异性,发酵和贮藏条件对ACEI活性具有显著影响,菌株发酵结束后经冷藏,ACEI活性均有不同程度的下降。德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种Lb9菌株在发酵6h时的ACEI活性为60%,发酵产物在冷藏24h和48h后,ACEI活性分别为55.72%和49.64%。嗜热链球菌Stnh16菌株发酵6h时的ACEI活性显著高于其他嗜热链球菌菌株,为52.73%,冷藏24h和48h后,ACEI活性分别为48.82%和42.58%。鼠李糖乳杆菌在发酵18h时的ACEI活性最高,其中F菌株为83.19%,R26为72.72%,LV108菌株为69.44%,但是冷藏24h和48h后,ACEI活性LV108菌株显著高于其他菌株,ACEI活性分别为66.19%和62.91%,显示其适宜用作生产降血压益生菌发酵乳的发酵剂。双歧杆菌不同菌株中,H4在发酵24h时ACEI活性最高,为46.55%。Kefir在发酵24h时,其ACEI活性最弱,仅为15.23%。该研究为筛选降血压益生菌发酵乳的发酵剂及发酵乳生产提供了参考。     

益生菌发酵蓝莓花色苷的代谢规律

选用嗜热链球菌、两岐双歧杆菌、植物乳杆菌进行纯种发酵含有蓝莓花色苷提取液的培养液,考察了益生菌发酵过程中活菌数、体外抗氧化性、有机酸、单体花色苷和酚酸等组分的变化情况。结果表明,发酵48 h后,三种益生菌的活菌数均增至8.0 lg CFU/mL左右,两岐双歧杆菌的活菌数最高(P<0.05),发酵后不同菌株发酵样的ABTS+·清除能力显著提升(P<0.05),其中两岐双歧杆菌发酵样品抗氧化能力最强(P<0.05);但植物乳杆菌发酵样品中乳酸含量最高(P<0.05);发酵过程中单体花色苷含量呈下降趋势,两岐双歧杆菌发酵样品花色苷组分与其它两株菌发酵的样品差异较大;绿原酸、对香豆酸和咖啡酸的含量总体呈现下降趋势,而没食子酸、丁香酸和阿魏酸含量呈上升趋势,主成分分析图中三株益生菌发酵样的分布差异较大。以上结果为进一步解释益生菌发酵代谢花色苷的机理提供了参考。     

山东省农业科学院农产品研究所成果简介

益生菌银杏花粉系列产品是以新鲜银杏花粉为主要原料，经机械破壁处理后，由鼠李糖乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌两种益生菌经液态发酵制成益生菌银杏花粉口服液，经半固态发酵和冷冻干燥制成益生菌银杏花粉活菌冻干粉。     

胡萝卜汁双歧杆菌酸乳发酵培养基优化研究

本文以从健康人体中选育出2株发酵活力高、耐氧性和抗逆性强的优良发酵菌株两歧双歧杆菌Bbm和长双歧杆菌Blm作为试验菌株,研究了胡萝卜汁和蔗糖在牛乳中的添加量对双歧杆菌在牛乳中发酵的凝乳时间、凝乳时活菌数及pH值、产品感官风味的影响,确定了发酵培养基中胡萝卜汁和蔗糖的最适添加量分别为20%～30%和5%～6%,完成了以胡萝卜汁乳作为双歧杆菌最佳载体的初步探索,为功能性益生菌乳制品的研制和开发提供了必要条件.     

超氧化物歧化酶益生菌发酵酸奶的研究

本文研究了在不同的益生菌发酵剂配比条件下酸奶的品质和口感.双歧杆菌:嗜酸乳杆菌:保加利亚乳杆菌:嗜热链球菌比例为(10∶4∶2∶2)用于酸奶的混合发酵生产,可以使双歧杆菌活菌数达到1.5×108cfu/ml、嗜酸乳杆菌活菌数达到3.1×108 cfu/ml;采用添加低聚木糖等益生元,可以促进双歧杆菌的活菌数目提高;发酵后在LABS酸奶中添加SOD,可保持其在酸奶中较高的酶活力.SOD-LABS益生菌酸奶在4℃保存21d,SOD酶活性能保持75%以上.     

益生菌混合菌种在发酵豆乳中的优化

采用益生菌混合物AST和TLB分别在42℃进行豆乳的发酵,在发酵豆乳的发酵和贮存过程中(4℃下28d),观察pH值和活菌数的变化情况。在AST益生菌混合物(嗜酸性乳杆菌,双歧杆菌和嗜热链球菌)的培育下,42℃下发酵时间减少到8h。但嗜酸性乳杆菌在冷藏的过程中生存状态较差,其活菌数在冷藏后一周后未达到标准。将豆乳在42℃下用TLB益生菌(嗜热链球菌,保加利亚乳杆菌和动物双歧杆菌乳酸亚种Bb12)进行发酵,结果发酵时间缩短到4h,双歧杆菌活菌数目的对数增加了约一半,而且经过28d的冷藏,细菌数仍然维持在107 CFU/mL以上。     

不同益生菌对三华李发酵果汁品质及其体外消化特性的影响

以肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides,LM)、发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum,LF)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus,LR)、植物乳杆菌(Lactiplantibacillus plantarum,LP)为发酵菌株，研究不同益生菌对三华李发酵果汁理化性质、活性成分、抗氧化能力和体外消化特性的影响规律。结果表明，四种益生菌均能在三华李果汁中正常生长，发酵结束后三华李果汁中的益生菌活菌数均在10⁷～10⁸ CFU/mL之间。发酵过程中LF、LR和LP均可消耗三华李果汁中的苹果酸，并生成乳酸和乙酸，降低了三华李果汁的酸度。四种益生菌发酵三华李果汁中，经LM发酵的三华李果汁能够较好的保留果汁颜色，且其具有更高的总酚、总花色苷及抗氧化水平，其次为经LP发酵的三华李果汁。体外消化后，四种益生菌发酵三华李果汁的活菌数、活性成分和抗氧化水平均呈不同程度的下降。然而，经LP和LR发酵的三华李果汁消化结束后的益生菌活菌数、活性成分含量以及抗氧化活性的保留率均较高。综合分析可知...     

益生菌保健酸奶发酵剂配制和益生素对菌体数量影响的研究

本文研究了在不同的益生菌发酵剂配比条件下酸奶制品的质地和综合口感.双歧杆菌保加利亚乳杆菌噬热链球菌为411;分别制作发酵种子用于酸奶的生产,可以使双歧杆菌活菌数达到4.9x107 cfu/ml.采用添加菊粉、大豆低聚糖和低聚果糖等益生素,可以促进双歧杆菌的活菌数目提高.     

Mineral contents of some southern Italian wines. II. Determination of Li, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Co, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Sb, Ba

Following our study of the mineral contents of some Southern Italian wines, this work reports on the detection of 12 elemental components. The elements were determined using ICP-AES, flame atomic emission or absorption spectroscopy. The values determined for Li, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Rb, Sr and Ba were within the usual ranges for wines (average values for these elements were: 0.010, 26.2; 94.4; 888; 94.0; 3.30, 0.82 and 0.11 mg/l respectively). All the wines contained low levels of As, the concentrations of which were always under 0.20 mg/l, the maximum level permitted by E.E.C. standards. The measuring of Co, Ag, and Sb led us to ascertain, in all the wines, concentrations lower than 0.01 mg/l for Co and Ag and below the instrumental detection level for Sb (0.06 mg/l). In a previous study wines from D.O.C. areas of Southern Italy were analysed by the technique of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), for 14 minerals. This paper deals with further investigation of the mineral composition of the same wines for different metal constituents, analysed by ICP-AES, flame atomic emission, or atomic-absorption spectroscopy (two techniques). The first technique was applied to the detection of Co, As, Sr, Ag, Sb, and Ba. The alkaline metals Li, Na, K, and Rb were determined by flame atomic emission, a technique which possesses better detection limits for these elements. For Mg and Ca the atomic absorption methods were applied.     

Isolation,Composition, Structure,Properties, Modifications,and Uses of Yam Starch

Starch is the major carbohydrate in yam tubers and can amount up to 80% of the dry matter. The starch quality determines the quality of food and industrial products made from yam tubers. This review summarizes the present knowledge of the isolation, composition, structure, property, modifications, and uses of starches from diverse yam species. Compared with other tuber and root starches, there is a lack of systematic information on the yam starches. This hinders the further development of yams as sustainable crops as well as the value‐added processing of the starches. Therefore, suggestions on how to better understand and utilize these starches are provided.     

卷烟中锂、铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、钼、镉、铊和铅含量分析

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了41个牌号烤烟型卷烟和雪茄烟样品烟丝中的锂、铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、钼、镉、铊和铅含量,并按照类型和价位对卷烟中这10种有害元素含量进行了统计分析。结果发现:①卷烟中锂和铜的含量较高,铊的含量很低,铬、镍、镉、铅、砷、硒和钼7种元素的平均含量为0.55～4.42μg/g;②雪茄烟中铬、镍、砷、钼、镉、铊和铅的含量一般高于烤烟型卷烟,而硒元素的含量则相反,但差别较小;烤烟型卷烟中锂和铜的含量与雪茄烟没有显著差异;③高档卷烟中的锂、镍、镉、铊和铬含量较低,而砷、铅的含量较高;不同价位卷烟的铜、硒和钼含量差异不显著。     

Survey of trace elements (Al,As, Cd,Cr, Co,Hg, Mn,Ni, Pb,Se, and Si) in retail samples of flavoured and bottled waters

Concentrations of eleven trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Si) were measured in 39 (natural and flavoured) water samples. Determinations were performed using graphite furnace electrothermetry for almost all elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Si). For Se determination hydride generation was used, and cold vapour generation for Hg. These techniques were coupled to atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The trace element content of still or sparkling natural waters changed from brand to brand. Significant differences between natural still and natural sparkling waters (p < 0.001) were only apparent for Mn. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to search for significant differences between flavoured and natural waters. The concentration of each element was compared with the presence of flavours, preservatives, acidifying agents, fruit juice and/or sweeteners, according to the labelled composition. It was shown that flavoured waters generally increase the trace element content. The addition of preservatives and acidifying regulators had a significant influence on Mn, Co, As and Si contents (p < 0.05). Fruit juice can also be correlated to the increase of Co and As. Sweeteners did not provide any significant difference in Mn, Co, Se and Si content.     

Varied Composition of Tocochromanols in Different Types of Bran: Rye,Wheat, Oat,Spelt, Buckwheat,Corn, and Rice

The profiles of tocopherol (T) and tocotrienol (T3) homologues in 37 samples of seven different types of bran (rye, wheat, oat, spelt, buckwheat, rice, and corn), available on the Polish market, were studied. Tocochromanols were identified and quantified by reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatograph/fluorescence detector and reverse phase-ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. Only rice bran contained all eight tocochromanol types. Corn bran lacked β-T3; rye, wheat, oat, and spelt bran lacked γ-T3 and δ-T3; and buckwheat bran lacked β-T3, γ-T3, and δ-T3. In buckwheat and corn bran tocopherols predominated (98 and 78%, respectively); whereas rye, wheat, oat, spelt, and rice bran were rich in tocotrienols (78, 76, 66, 87, and 66%, respectively). The average total tocochromanol contents in the oat, corn, spelt, buckwheat, wheat, rye, and rice bran were 5.5, 16.2, 15.8, 14.7, 12.8, 10.7, and 9.1 mg/100 g of dry weight, respectively. Tocochromanol concentrations in samples of the same type bran from different sources varied considerably. Better labeling of bran products to reflect this variation would assist with control of vitamin E daily dietary requirements.     

Optimization of extraction conditions of total phenolics, antioxidant activities, and anthocyanin of oregano, thyme, terebinth, and pomegranate

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic extracts and antioxidant activity and anthocyanins of varieties of the investigated plants. These plants include oregano, thyme, terebinth, and pomegranate. The optimum extraction conditions including temperature and solvent of the extraction process itself were investigated. Total phenolic and anthocyanin extracts were examined according to Folin-Ciocalteu assay and Rabino and Mancinelli method, respectively. The effect of different extracting solvents and temperatures on extracts of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins were studied. Plant samples were evaluated for their antioxidant chemical activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl assay, to determine their potential as a source of natural antioxidant. Results showed that all tested plants exhibited appreciable amounts of phenolic compounds. The methanolic extract (60 °C) of sour pomegranate peel contained the highest phenolic extract (4952.4 mg/100 g of dry weight). Terebinth green seed had the lowest phenolic extract (599.4 mg/100 g of dry weight). Anthocyanins ranged between 3.5 (terebinth red seed) and 0.2 mg/100 g of dry material (thyme). Significant effect of different extracting solvents and temperatures on total phenolics and anthocyanin extracts were found. The methanol and 60 °C of extraction conditions found to be the best for extracting phenolic compounds. The distilled water and 60 °C extraction conditions found to be the best for extracting anthocyanin.     

ICP-MS测定饼干中的铅、砷、铬、镉、铜、锌、铁和锰

探讨了应用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定饼干中铅、砷、铬、镉、铜、锌、铁和锰8种重金属元素的方法。运用微波消解系统对样品进行消解,以铋、锗、钪和铟作为内标物,用ICP-MS对消解液进行检测,并采用国标方法对其结果进行验证。利用加标回收率试验和国家标准物质小麦(GBW 10052)检测试验考察了方法的准确性和可靠性。结果表明,该方法所测元素在标准溶液浓度范围内呈线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限在0.002~0.500 mg/kg之间,相对标准偏差均小于6.55%,本法与国标方法测量结果的相对偏差在3.73%~8.40%之间,加标回收率在88.0%~106%之间,标准物质的测定值与标准参考值符合要求。     

Analysis of cheese for histamine, tyramine, tryptamine, histidine, tyrosine, and tryptophane

A method is described for determining the content of selected biologically active amines (histamine, tyramine, tryptamine) and amino acids (histidine, tyrosine, tryptophane) in cheeses by high performance liquid chromatography. The amines and amino acids were quantified by employing a counter ion-containing mobile phase and by comparing peak areas of high performance liquid chromatography charts for sample cheeses versus standard cheeses containing known amounts of added amines based on dual injections of samples and standards. Recovery of amines and amino acids varied from 87.5 to 111%. Histamine, which has been associated with food poisoning in concentrations of 185 mg/100 g in Swiss cheese and 180 to 500 mg/100 g in fish, was found in concentrations above 500 mg/100 g in Swiss cheese. The high performance liquid chromatography analytical method should be useful for screening to detect cheese samples containing toxic amounts of histamine and for research studies designed to determine the cause and effect relationships for histamine production in cheese.     

接装纸中汞、砷、铅等8种元素的分析研究

本文利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES法)同时测定接装纸样品中铅、铜、镉、铬、锡、锑元素含量,汞、砷元素含量采用冷原子吸收光谱法和银盐法测定.结果表明接装纸样品中锡元素含量最高,铜次之,汞、砷、铅相比,砷元素含量较高,部分样品中砷、铅元素含量超出食品包装用纸的最高限量标准.采用ICP-AES法同时测定接装纸6种元素,操作简便,重复性好,回收率高.此外,本文还对接装纸荧光物质和脱色程度进行了测定分析,从随机抽检的47份国产、进口接装纸样品看,进口白色接装纸无荧光,国产白色接装纸有荧光,珠光色接装纸个别有荧光,纸边为白色的接装纸荧光程度不一.脱色试验表明,进口接装纸,国产印刷型接装纸、珠光纸不脱色,涂布型接装纸均有不同程度的脱色.     

The effect of storage of canned juices on content of the metals Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn, Al, Cd, Sb and Ni

The increase in concentration of iron, copper, zinc, lead, antimony, aluminium, cadmium, tin and nickel over a 2 year's time of juices of peach (prunus persica), pear (pyrus communis), apricot (prunus vulgaris) and apple (malus pumila) was determined. The results show a considerable increase in Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn and Sn with time, while the change in Al, Cd, Ni and Sb is negligible.