无卤阻燃PC/ABS合金流变行为的研究

采用毛细管流变仪研究无卤阻燃聚碳酸酯/丙烯晴-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物（PC/ABS）的流变行为,得到了熔体表观黏度及切应力与剪切速率的关系。结果表明,无卤阻燃PC/ABS合金熔体为假塑性流体,表观黏度随剪切速率的增加而降低;在230 ℃时,合金的非牛顿指数随着阻燃剂含量的增加而增加;在剪切速率为20~3000 s-1时,合金黏度对温度不敏感,即实现黏度降低,采用升温法效果不佳。     

聚丙烯/丙烯-乙烯共聚物共混体系的流变行为研究

采用毛细管流变仪和旋转流变仪研究了聚丙烯(PP)纤维专用料/丙烯-乙烯共聚物(PEC)共混体系的流变行为,探究了剪切速率、温度、共混物组成对熔体流变行为的影响。结果表明,随着剪切速率的增加,PP、PP/PEC和PEC均表现出"剪切变稀"行为;随着温度的升高,聚合物的表观黏度逐渐降低,特别是在低剪切速率下的这种现象更明显;随着PEC含量的增加,体系的非牛顿指数增加,黏流活化能降低,黏度对温度的敏感性降低,熔体剪切模量增加,熔体弹性增加。     

聚甲醛/聚氧化乙烯共混体系流变行为的研究

将聚甲醛(POM)与聚氧化乙烯(PEO)熔融共混,制备改性聚甲醛,用熔体指数仪和高压毛细管流变仪研究了POM、PEO及POM/PEO共混体系的流变性能.试验结果表明随PEO含量增加,共混体系熔体指数(MFI)减小.POM表观黏度对温度的敏感性大于PEO,对剪切速率的敏感性小于PEO.随PEO含量增加,共混体系的温度敏感性下降,剪切敏感性增大.在热塑加工中,可通过改变剪切速率,调节熔体黏度,从而控制共混物形态结构.     

PC/UHMWPE共混物的流变性能

采用熔融共混的方法 ,制备了两种不同配比的PC/UHMWPE共混物。采用毛细管流变仪和熔融指数仪研究了PC/UHMWPE共混物的流变行为 ,结果表明 :PC/UHMWPE共混物熔体的流变行为呈假塑性流体的特征 ,表观粘度随剪切速率的增加而减小 ,随温度的升高而降低 ;共混物熔体的粘度大于纯PC的粘度。采用悬浮体系模型讨论了两种共混物的流变行为     

表面处理纳米铜粉/PET共混物的流变性能

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-550对纳米铜粉进行表面处理,通过熔融共混制备纳米铜粉/PET共混物,用毛细管流变仪研究了共混物的流变性能。结果表明:纳米铜粉/PET共混体系为非牛顿性假塑性流体,其表观黏度随着剪切速率的增大而减小;随着纳米铜粉含量增加,非牛顿指数增大;共混物的黏流活化能随剪切速率的增加而减小。     

纤维素纳米晶体对壳聚糖纺丝原液流变行为的影响

首先将纤维素纳米晶体(CNC)悬浮液进行超声分散,然后与壳聚糖乙酸溶液进行高速搅拌共混,制备不同CNC含量的壳聚糖-CNC共混均匀溶液。采用平板式旋转流变仪研究了CNC含量对壳聚糖溶液流变行为的影响。测试结果表明:壳聚糖-CNC共混溶液表现为非牛顿流体行为;黏度随温度的上升而下降,但在高剪切速率范围内,温度对黏度的影响不再明显;随着CNC含量的增加,壳聚糖溶液的表观黏度增大,对剪切速率的敏感性增强,同时非牛顿指数和黏流活化能降低;共混原液的结构黏度指数随CNC含量减少以及温度升高而降低;壳聚糖-CNC共混溶液储能模量和损耗模量的交叉点随温度的升高向高频区移动,随CNC含量的增加向低频区移动,溶液流变规律基本符合Cox-Merz规则。     

ABS/PC共混物的转矩及毛细管流变行为

采用转矩流变仪和毛细管流变仪研究了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)/聚碳酸酯(PC)共混体系的流变行为,研究共混物组成对熔体流变行为的影响.结果表明:转矩流变仪中,平衡温度随着转速提高而增大,平衡转矩会在某一转速下达到峰值.两种测试方法得到的流变数据基本一致,共混物熔体呈现剪切变稀的假塑性流体特性.随着PC含量的增加,共混物的表现黏度逐渐增大,共混物熔体的非牛顿指数表现为负偏差,黏流活化能则表现出正负偏差,说明ABS与PC间具有一定的相容性.     

PC／HBPS共混物流变性能的研究

采用高级扩展旋转流变仪研究了聚碳酸酯/高支化聚苯乙烯(PC/HBPS)共混物的流变特性.结果表明:此共混物属于假塑性流体;随着剪切速率的增加,表观黏度下降,但下降趋势较缓慢;随着温度的增加,表观黏度下降,但下降趋势很快;共混物的粘流活化能有的比纯PC的高,有的比纯PC的低.     

PET/PC复合材料的制备及其流变性能研究

利用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)与聚碳酸酯(PC)共混体系,并利用毛细管流变仪对共混体系的流变性能进行了系统研究。结果表明:PET/PC共混体系为典型的假塑性流体,其表观黏度随PC含量的增加而明显降低;共混体系的非牛顿指数n随温度升高而逐渐增大;PET及PET/PC共混体系的黏流活化能较大,且随剪切速率的增加而降低,属于温敏性流体,而小分子量的PC对温度并不敏感,为切敏性流体。     

HDPE/HDPE-g-MAH/PA11共混物流变行为的研究

以马来酸酐接枝高密度聚乙烯(HDPE-g-MAH)为增容剂,通过熔融共混法制备了HDPE/HDPE-g-MAH/聚酰胺11(PA11)共混物,讨论了增容剂HDPE-g-MAH对共混物流变行为的影响。结果表明:HDPE-g-MAH的加入使共混物熔体对剪切速率的敏感性增强,同时使共混物黏度对温度变化的敏感程度减弱;随着HDPE-g-MAH含量的增加,共混物表观黏度先增加后减小,其含量为2%时共混物黏度最大。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。