6061铝合金分别在Q235钢和纯钛表面的反应润湿

采用座滴法在高真空条件下研究了熔融6061铝合金在600~700℃分别与Q235钢和纯钛的润湿行为。研究表明两者都为典型的反应润湿,且最终润湿性随着温度的升高而改善;界面反应的自由能变化对最终润湿性及界面结构影响较小,而基板金属在铝中的溶解度不同决定了界面反应层厚度(即溶解度越大则反应层越厚);三相线附近的还原反应诱发了前驱膜的产生,且最终润湿性越好则前驱膜越宽;两者体系的铺展动力学均可以由RPC模型描述:在Al/Ti体系中整个润湿过程分为两个阶段,即先非线性铺展,后线性铺展阶段,两个阶段的铺展活化能分别为72kJ/mol、118kJ/mol,且界面上存在Si的富集;在Al/Q235钢体系中整个润湿过程呈线性铺展,铺展活化能为86kJ/mol,无Si元素在界面富集。     

Al-18Si-5Ti合金中TiAlSi金属间化合物的形成

目的选取Al-18Si-5Ti合金为研究对象,研究Ti Al Si金属间化合物成分、结构和形貌的形成规律。方法通过调整制备工艺(如熔体反应法、液固反应法),改变制备温度和原料(Ti源),可得到板片状或块状的Ti_7Al_5Si_(12)或Ti(Al_(1–x),Si_x)_3相。结果使用海绵Ti为原料时,高的熔炼温度倾向于合成板片状Ti_7Al_5Si_(12),而低温则易于形成块状Ti_7Al_5Si_(12);当使用K_2TiF_6、Al-10Ti中间合金或以Al粉、Si粉及Ti粉为原料时,可通过熔体反应或液固扩散反应合成块状的Ti_7Al_5Si_(12)或Ti(Al_(1–x),Si_x)_3相。结论通过对熔体参数调整,可实现Al-Si系合金中TiAlSi相的设计。     

高温下熔融SnAgCu-xTi在SiO_2表面的润湿行为

采用改良座滴法研究了高真空、800～900℃条件下熔融Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu(SAC)-xTi (x=0%、1%、3%,质量分数)在SiO_2表面的润湿行为。研究结果表明:在SAC中添加少量的Ti后,可以显著提高SAC在SiO_2表面的润湿性。当Ti浓度为3%时,Ti未被完全溶解,这是因为随着Ti浓度的增加,在Ti表面会形成一层高熔点的Sn-Ti金属间化合物,进而阻碍Ti的进一步溶解。液固界面反应产物为Ti_5Si_3和TiO,铺展动力学可用反应产物控制模型描述;在铺展过程中,快速铺展阶段首先析出Ti_5Si_3和TiO,线性铺展阶段仅析出TiO。该体系的最终润湿性取决于界面反应产物和界面上Ti-O吸附的共同作用。     

TiC/Ti_3SiC_2泡沫陶瓷的制备和性能

采用聚氨酯泡沫为原始骨架,用高频感应加热反应熔渗制备TiC/Ti_3SiC_2泡沫陶瓷,研究了在制备过程中不同阶段泡沫体的Ti含量对其相组成、微区化学成分、显微组织以及抗压缩性能的影响。结果表明,随着泡沫体中Ti含量的增加,在其骨架中柑继生成TiC、Ti_3SiC_2及少量的Ti_5Si_3.骨架的致密度提高,泡沫材料...     

钛吸氢、氘和氚的动力学同位素效应研究

应用反应速率分析方法,在高真空金属系统上测定了钛在恒容体系和550℃～750℃范围内吸收氢、氘和氚的P-t曲线,并由此计算了各自在不同温度的速率常数,得到钛吸氢、氘和氚的表观活化能分别为(55.6±2.4)kJ/mol、(110.2±3.0)kJ/mol和(155.5±3.2)kJ/mol.钛吸氚的表观活化能最高,钛吸氢的表观活化能最低,表现出显著的动力学同位素效应,表明钛吸氚进行氚化反应较氘化和氢化更难于进行.     

Ti/Si(100)样品在快速退火(RTA)时的界面反应的研究

运用俄歇电子能谱(AES)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及卢瑟福背散射谱(RBS)研究了Ti/Si(100)样品在快速热退火(RTA)过程中的界面反应机理及物种分布。研究结果表明,Ti/Si(100)样品在600℃快速热退火10s后,界面上的钛和硅就发生了明显的界面反应,形成了TiSi_2金属硅化物相。在750℃RTA后,TiSi_2相已基本形成完善,再提高RTA温度,TiSi_2相增加甚少。快速热退火过程不同于一般的慢退火过程,主要通过TiSi_2晶格传递Si,从而促使界面处的钛和硅的继续反应。界面扩散的速度很快,TiSi_2物相的形成速度由Ti和Si的反应速度限制,不受Si扩散效应的影响。此外,俄歇线形分析还揭示了,在硅化物的形成过程中,钛硅物相在各界面层中的存在形式。     

表面有阳极氧化层的氘化钛热解吸动力学研究

应用反应速率分析方法,测定了氘化钛和表面有阳极氧化层的氘化钛在恒容体系和600～800℃范围内的热解吸反应速率常数,得到氘化钛和阳极氧化的氘化钛热解吸氘的活化能分别为(24.9±1.0)kJ/mol和(38.5±1.2)kJ/mol;氘化钛表面氧化层越厚,表观活化能越大;实验表明氘化钛表面阳极氧化层具有阻氘性能.     

Wettability and joining of SiC by Sn-Ti: Microstructure and mechanical properties

Reliable Si C/Sn-Ti/Si C joints were obtained by brazing(950?C/10 min) and soldering(250?C/2 min) following premetallization depend on the wettability of Sn-Ti on Si C. The microstructures of Sn-Ti/Si C interface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, and the mechanical properties of joints were evaluated by shear tests. Active Ti enhanced the wettability of Sn on Si C with the decrease of contact angle from 150?to 20?. Ti direct reacted with Si C to produce Ti C and combines with released Si forming Ti_5Si_3. Much lower Ti concentration per contacting area in brazing and metallization, compared to wetting, resulted in defective bonding of Sn-Ti/Si C and few amounts of interfacial products(thin Ti C layer or partial covered Ti C layer with Ti_5Si_3). All of the Si C/Si C joints possess a similar shear strength of 27–32 MPa and rupture through ?-Sn matrix in ductile fracture.     

原位自生TiCp/6061复合材料的组织、硬度及耐磨性能

采用接触反应法制备了原位自生Ti Cp/6061复合材料,利用XRD和SEM对复合材料进行物相分析及微观形貌观察,用6061铝合金基体材料作为对比,研究了增强粒子含量对复合材料硬度和摩擦磨损行为的影响。结果表明,采用接触反应法,以Ti粉、C粉和Al粉作为生成Ti C增强相的原材料,可直接在6061铝合金基体中原位生成Ti C颗粒,Ti C颗粒呈规则多边形,尺寸为0. 5～1μm。随着增强粒子含量的增加,原位自生Ti Cp/6061复合材料的硬度明显提高,T6热处理后5%(质量分数)的Ti Cp/6061复合材料的硬度为120. 5HBS,比基体6061铝合金提高了28. 1%。这是Ti C颗粒对6061基体材料的位错强化和细晶强化综合作用的结果。此外,随着增强粒子含量的提高,原位自生Ti Cp/6061复合材料的耐磨性也增强; T6热处理后,在100 N恒压作用下与GCR15材料对磨300 s,基体6061铝合金失重是5%(质量分数) Ti Cp/6061复合材料的2倍。其原因在于Ti C颗粒含量的提高减小了对磨材料与复合材料的有效接触面积,从而增强了原位自生Ti Cp/6061复合材料的耐磨性能。     

无压烧结Ti3SiC2/铝基复合材料组织与性能

MAX相具有独特的层状晶体结构,不但具备常用铝基复合材料外加陶瓷颗粒的性能特征,同时具有可与石墨媲美的摩擦性能.本文以Al粉、Si粉和典型MAX相Ti_3SiC_2为原料,采用冷压成型-无压烧结方法制备了Ti_3SiC_2/Al-Si复合材料,并通过金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)等分析手段,研究了烧结温度、Si元素含量对复合材料组织与性能的影响.研究表明:随着烧结温度从500℃提高到700℃,复合材料致密度先上升后下降,摩擦系数先降低后上升,硬度逐渐增大至最大值并基本保持稳定;随着Si质量分数从0增加到20.7%,复合材料的致密度逐渐降低,硬度逐渐增大,摩擦系数先降低后增大,晶粒尺寸随之下降,12.5%Si晶粒最为细小;烧结温度为650℃,Si元素质量分数为12.5%的铝基复合材料具有最低的摩擦系数0.18,相应的硬度为62 HV,致密度为92.12%.XRD物相和扫描电镜组织分析表明,复合材料的主要相组成为Al、Ti_3SiC_2,及由界面反应产生的Al_4C_3和Al的氧化产物Al_2O_3.     

Resulting morphologies on quenching of titanium aluminide alloys

Abstract

The effect of alloying elements (aluminium, silicon, niobium, and zirconium) on the mechanism and morphology of the allotropic transformation Ti-β(bcc) → Ti-α(hcp), occurring during the quenching of binary, ternary, and quaternary titanium aluminide alloys, has been studied. The alloys investigated were (at.-%) Ti–16Al, Ti–16Al–1Si, Ti–16Al–3·5Si, Ti–14Al–1Si–1Nb, Ti–14Al–1Si–1Zr, Ti–22Al, Ti–22Al–1Si, Ti–22Al–3·5Si, Ti–20Al–1Si–1Nb, and Ti–20Al–1Si–1Zr. The allotropic transformation in these alloys presented a very narrow temperature range for the formation of all possible α morphologies resulting from quenching. The different morphologies of α phase observed have been correlated with the competing mechanisms of β decomposition. The morphological observations indicated that small variations in thermodynamic and kinetic conditions in the β phase might account for changes in the mechanisms of formation and growth of the α phase. Additionally, the effect of the alloying elements on the ordering reaction α → α₂ occurring during quenching has been investigated. Silicon addition promoted the formation of columnar α₂ domains during quenching.     

机械合金化制备Mg76-xTi12Ni12Mnx（x=2,4,6,8）合金及其贮氢性能研究

利用机械合金化法制备了Mg76-xTi12Ni12Mnx(x=2,4,6,8)合金,并研究了Mn添加量对合金贮氢性能的影响。结果表明,在Mg76-xTi12Ni12Mnx(x=2,4,6,8)合金中合金相主要由Mg2Ni和Ti2Ni相组成,合金最大贮氢量分别为3.47%、3.32%、3.60%和3.11%(质量分数,下同),合金氢化物的分解热依次为-79.2kJ/mol、-78.0kJ/mol、-73.7kJ/mol和-73.6kJ/mol,添加Mn可降低合金氢化物的稳定性,改善其热力学性能,非晶化不利于提高合金的贮氢性能。     

Effect of silicon content in grain refining hypoeutectic Al–Si foundry alloys with boron and titanium additions

Abstract

The effect of Si content on the grain refinement of hypoeutectic Al–Si alloys was investigated. Alloying with Si refines the grain structure, which tends to be coarse and columnar in commercially pure aluminium. The smallest grain size occurs at ～2 wt-%Si, where the solidification interval of hypoeutectic Al–Si alloys is the largest. Grains become increasingly coarser with increasing Si starting from this point. The grains of Al–Si alloys with 500 ppm Ti are smaller than those cast without Ti regardless of the Si content of the alloy. The fivefold reduction in grain size in commercially pure aluminium upon Ti addition is gradually reduced with increasing Si. Finally, the grain refinement provided by Ti fails to meet the expectations once Ti starts to be removed from the melt via the formation of Ti–Si compounds above 5 wt-%Si. The B addition relies on the formation of AlB₂ particles to offer grain refinement. Analysis of the Al rich corner of the calculated Al–Si–B liquidus surface suggests that the primary AlB₂ is formed at a Si concentration of ～4 wt-%. While a perfect grain refiner for hypoeutectic Al–Si alloys with at least 4 wt-%Si, B fails to refine the grain structure when the Si content is less.     

铝基钎料在SiC及SiC_p/6061复合材料上的润湿性研究

对多种铝基钎料在SiC、6 0 6 1及SiCp 6 0 6 1复合材料上进行了润湿性试验。结果表明 :炉中钎焊时 ,钎料与钎剂的成分、加热温度与保温时间、钎料与钎剂熔化温度的匹配等是影响铝基钎料润湿性的主要因素 ;真空钎焊时 ,镁含量不同的各种含镁Al 2 8Cu 5Si钎料在Al基复合材料连接的温度范围内都不能润湿SiC陶瓷表面 ;配合QJ2 0 1钎剂 ,Al 2 8Cu 5Si 2Mg钎料对 15 %SiCp 6 0 6 1Al复合材料具有良好的润湿性 ,但对 30 %SiCp 6 0 6 1Al复合材料却润湿不良 ;在加钎剂的情况下 ,钎料中的镁反而对在铝合金及铝基复合材料上的润湿性有不利影响 ;在Al 2 8Cu 5Si 2Mg钎料和 15 %SiCp 6 0 6 1Al复合材料的钎焊界面处存在SiC颗粒的偏聚现象     

Si对SiC－Al系统浸润行为的影响

用液滴技术（Ｔｈｅ　Ｓｅｓｓｉｌｅ　Ｄｒｏｐ　Ｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ）、ＳＥＭ、ＥＤＳ等研究了Ｓｉ对ＳｉＣ－Ａｌ系统浸润行为的影响，结果表明，在较低温度下，Ｓｉ在熔融Ａｌ合金中的含量不明显影响Ａｌ对ＳｉＣ的浸润行为，然而，在高温下ＳｉＣ和Ａｌ的接触角θ值随时间而减小的速率随Ｓｉ含量的增加而增大；ＳｉＣ－Ａｌ系统从非浸润到浸润的转变温度随Ｓｉ含量的增加而降低；Ｓｉ的添加引起Ａｌ合金在ＳｉＣ表面扩展和向ＳｉＣ基体渗透，而且扩展和渗透的程度随Ｓｉ含量增加而增大。说明在Ａｌ合金中添加Ｓｉ可促进对ＳｉＣ的浸润。本研究还证实了基体参加反应可增强金属Ａｌ对ＳｉＣ陶瓷的浸润能力。     

Wetting and evaporation behaviors of molten Mg–Al alloy drops on partially oxidized α-SiC substrates

The wetting and evaporation behaviors of Mg–Al alloys over a full composition range on partially oxidized polycrystalline α-SiC substrates were studied in a flowing Ar atmosphere using an improved sessile drop method. The time dependence of the changes in contact angle and drop geometry was monitored and representative wetting stages were identified. The initial contact angles at 1173 K were 100° for pure Al and 76° for pure Mg, with the maximum value of 106° for the 7.6 mol.% Mg–Al alloy. The interfacial reaction and the evaporation of Mg led to the decrease in the apparent contact angle in the spreading stage and their respective contribution was evaluated. After the pinning of the triple line, the decrease in the contact angle resulted from the diminishing drop volume as a consequence of the Mg evaporation. The effects of Mg concentration on the wetting and evaporation behaviors were discussed. A mechanism for the time-dependent diminishing drop volume was proposed in light of the competition between the Mg evaporation and its diffusion from the drop bulk to the surface. Finally, the interfacial reaction was analyzed based on thermodynamic considerations.     

电子束熔丝沉积4043/4074铝合金的组织与力学性能

目的 研究电子束熔丝沉积Al-Si合金的微观组织与力学性能以及后续热处理的影响。方法 采用电子束熔丝沉积快速成形技术,分别对直径2 mm的4043和4047铝合金丝材进行增材制造成形,研究样品在不同方向上的微观组织与力学性能以及后续热处理的影响。结果 打印态的4043和4047合金的致密度分别为99.81%和99.88%,热处理后略有降低,分别为98.94%和99.77%。打印态样品中含有一些由硅颗粒和杂质相组成的条带状微观组织。打印态样品中含有近似等轴状与棒状的两类细小Si颗粒。打印态样品在长、宽、高3个方向上的拉伸强度相当,4043合金的抗拉强度为120~127 MPa,伸长率为12%~30%;4047合金的抗拉强度为151~155 MPa,伸长率为15%~30%。经热处理后,样品的强度略有降低,但伸长率显著提升。结论 通过控制EBF3参数,可以获得致密无缺陷的具有良好力学性能的块体Al-Si合金样品,其力学性能可通过后续热处理进一步调控。     

Precipitation of iron-rich intermetallics and mechanical properties of Al–Si–Mg–Fe alloys with Al–5Ti–B

Effects of added Al–5Ti–B master alloys on precipitation of iron-rich intermetallics and mechanical properties of A356 cast alloys with high Fe content (1.5?wt-%) were investigated using image analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile testing. Results show that added Al–5Ti–B has apparent refinement on α (Al) grain size of A356 alloys that have high Fe content. 12?wt-% Al–5Ti–B is beneficial for improving mechanical properties of A356 cast alloys with high Fe content. Improved mechanical properties can be attributed to refined microstructure, the proper amounts of TiB₂ and Ti(AlSi)₃, and decreased porosity. An excessive amount of Al–5Ti–B deteriorates mechanical properties of alloys because it leads to the formation of large secondary intermetallics and increased porosity.     

Microstructure Characteristics of Interaction Layer of Zn-Al Eutectic Alloy with Al_2O_3p/6061Al Composites

The interaction between Zn-AI eutectic alloy and Al203p/6061AI composites in the vacuum furnace was investigated. Great attention has been paid to the elements diffusion, the microstructure and formation of the interface between Zn-AI eutectic alloy and Al2O3p/6061AI composites. Experimental results show that Zn-AI eutectic alloy has a good wetting ability to Al2O3p/6061 Al composites and the wetting angle decreases with increasing the temperature in vacuum. After the interaction, an interaction layer forms between Zn-AI alloy and Al2O3p/6061 Al composites. The phases in the interaction layer mainly consist of α-AI(Zn), Al2O3 and CuZn5 resulted from the diffusion of elements from the Zn-AI alloy. Several porosities distribute in the region near the interface of the Zn-AI alloy/interaction layer. The amount of shrinkage voids in the interacting layer is relevant to the penetration of Zn element into Al2O3p/6061Al composites which is a function of temperature. So it is necessary to lower heating temperat