高效液相色谱法同时测定胃复舒中盐酸小檗碱和黄芩苷的含量

目的建立HPLC法同时测定胃复舒胶囊中盐酸小檗碱和黄芩苷的含量。方法采用KromasilC18色谱柱,流动相:甲醇-水-冰醋酸-三乙胺(34∶60∶6∶0.2);流速:1.0mL.min-1,检测波长:270nm,柱温:30℃。结果盐酸小檗碱的线性范围0.01756μg～0.1756μg,r=0.9999;黄芩苷线性范围0.04696μg～0.4696μg,r=0.9999;平均回收率盐酸小檗碱为99.76%,RSD为1.26%(n=9);黄芩苷为100.66%,RSD为1.10%(n=9)。结论该法简便,快速,结果可靠,可用于胃复舒胶囊的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定乙肝解毒胶囊中黄芩苷和盐酸小檗碱的含量

建立一种同时测定乙肝解毒胶囊中黄芩苷和盐酸小檗碱含量的HPLC法.以Hypersil BDS C18为色谱柱;以A(乙腈),B[乙腈0.5%三乙胺溶液(用磷酸调pH=2.5)(10∶90)]为流动相;采用梯度洗脱程序;流速为1.0mL·min-1;柱温为室温;检测波长为265nm. 黄芩苷和盐酸小檗碱的线性范围分别为45.72～274.32μg·mL-1(r=0.9999),1.930～96.48μg·mL-1(r=0.9995);加样回收率分别为97.84%(RSD=1.33%,n=6) 和100.38%(RSD=1.81%,n=6).本方法快速、准确、重现性好,可以为乙肝解毒胶囊的质量控制提供依据.     

HPLC同时测定散瘀消肿膏中3种有效成分的含量

目的利用梯度洗脱,建立了高效液相色谱法（HPLC）同时测定散瘀消肿膏中黄芩苷,大黄酚,盐酸小檗碱含量的方法。方法采用HPLC测定黄芩苷,大黄酚,盐酸小檗碱含量,色谱柱为Hypersil ODS柱;以乙腈：水（含0.0092mol·L-1磷酸氢二钾,0.25%磷酸,0.17%三乙胺）为流动相,线性梯度洗脱;检测波长：266nm;流速：1mL·min-1。结果黄芩苷、大黄酚和盐酸小檗碱含量测定方法的线性关系良好,线性范围和相关系数分别为5.05～101.00μg·mL-1（r=0.9998）、3.25～65.00μg·mL-1（r=0.99931）、5.70～114.00μg·mL-1（r=0.99935）;平均加样回收率为99.3%,99.3%,99.0%,方法精密度良好,RSD均小于3.0%;方法重现性良好,RSD均小于7%。结论该方法简便,准确可靠,为散瘀消肿膏提供了更全面有效的质控方法。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定芩连解毒胶囊中黄芩苷和盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时测定芩连解毒胶囊中黄芩苷和盐酸小檗碱含量的方法。方法采用ODS C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-0.05 moL.L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液-三乙胺(25∶75∶0.05)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长为277 nm。结果黄芩苷和盐酸小檗碱分别在5.1~101.3(r=0.999 9)、5.3~106.0μg.mL-1(r=0.999 9)线性关系良好,平均加样回收率(n=9)分别为100.1%和98.5%。结论该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可同时测定芩连解毒胶囊中黄芩苷和盐酸小檗碱的含量。     

薄层荧光扫描法测定三黄片中盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的建立薄层荧光扫描法测定三黄片中盐酸小檗碱的含量。方法以盐酸-乙醇(1∶100)为提取溶剂,按薄层色谱法用硅胶G预制薄层板,苯-乙酸乙酯-异丙醇-甲醇-水(6∶3∶1.5∶15∶0.3)为展开剂,展距4 cm,扫描激发波长:366 nm。结果盐酸小檗碱在0.0173-0.1214μg范围内具有良好的线性关系,回归方程:Y=8.61X×104+1×102,r=0.9999,平均回收率为101.8%,RSD=2.7(8n=6)。结论该方法结果准确,重现性好,可用于三黄片中盐酸小檗碱的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定红果小檗不同部位3种生物碱的含量

目的建立红果小檗中小檗碱、巴马汀、药根碱含量的同时测定方法。方法高效液相色谱法,Diamon-silC18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-0.1%磷酸(50∶50,每100 mL加十二烷基磺酸钠0.1g);检测波长:265 nm;柱温:室温;流速:1.0 mL.min-1;进样量:10μL。结果盐酸药根碱回归方程为Y=3.860 2X 36.948,r=0.999 8,线性范围为33.72~1 686μg;盐酸巴马汀回归方程为Y=3.761X 11.55,r=0.999 9,线性范围为16.576~828.8μg;盐酸小檗碱回归方程为Y=4.015 7X 26.556,r=0.999 9,线性范围为27~1 354μg。3组分的平均回收率分别为99.87%,99.73%和99.89%,RSD分别为1.07%、1.02%和1.25%(n=6)。结论本法操作简便,可以同时测定盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱的含量,结果准确,具有分离度和重复性好、精密度高的特点,可作为该药材中小檗碱的含量测定和质量评价监控方法。     

HPLC法同时测定葛根芩连汤中8种有效成分的含量

目的:建立运用HPLC法同时测定葛根芩连汤中8种有效成分(葛根素、甘草苷、黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、巴马汀、小檗碱、黄芩素、汉黄芩素)的含量。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法测定,色谱柱:Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相:甲酸铵(pH3.0、10 mmol.L-1)-乙腈,梯度洗脱;流速:1 mL.min-1;检测波长:270、360 nm;柱温:25℃;进样量:20μL。结果:葛根素、甘草苷、黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、巴马汀、小檗碱、黄芩素、汉黄芩素的质量浓度分别在1.12～22.3μg.mL-1(r=0.9990),1.08～21.7μg.mL-1(r=0.9991),4.10～82.0μg.mL-1(r0.9990),1.23～24.6μg.mL-1(r=0.9993),1.99～39.8μg.mL-1(r=0.9991),4.05～81.0μg.mL-1(r=0.9993),2.40～48.0μg.mL-1(r=0.9994),1.11～22.1μg.mL-1(r=0.9993)范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系。平均回收率(n=5)均在95%～10...     

HPLC法同时测定白蒲黄片中5种成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定白蒲黄片中白头翁皂苷B_4、咖啡酸、黄芩苷、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Agela Technologies Venusil XBP C_(18)(L),流动相为乙腈-0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(梯度洗脱),流速为0.8mL/min,检测波长为203 nm(白头翁皂苷B_4)和323 nm(咖啡酸、黄芩苷、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱),柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL。结果:白头翁皂苷B_4、咖啡酸、黄芩苷、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱检测进样量线性范围分别为0.081 41~8.141μg(r=0.999 8)、0.018 71~1.871μg(r=0.999 4)、0.037 33~3.733μg(r=0.999 2)、0.028 85~2.885μg(r=0.999 6)、0.027 58~2.758μg(r=0.999 7);定量限分别为0.009、0.006、0.008、0.011、0.013 ng,检测限分别为0.030、0.020、0.025、0.034、0.036 ng;精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD<2.0%;加样回收率分别为97.39%~102.34%(RSD=1.81%,n=6)、96.77%~98.92%(RSD=0.85%,n=6)、97.38%~103.72%(RSD=2.46%,n=6)、96.73%~102.01%(RSD=2.22%,n=6)、96.47%~101.07%(RSD=1.61%,n=6)。结论:该方法操作简便、结果准确、重复性好,可用于白蒲黄片中白头翁皂苷B_4、咖啡酸、黄芩苷、盐酸巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱含量的同时测定。     

RP-HPLC法测定黄连上清片中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸药根碱和盐酸巴马汀的含量

目的:建立测定黄连上清片中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸药根碱和盐酸巴马汀含量的方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为AgilentC18反相柱,流动相为乙腈-25mmoL·L-1庚烷磺酸钠和50mmoL·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(含0.14%三乙胺,磷酸调pH至3.0)=30:70,检测波长为348nm,柱温为30℃,流速为1.0mL·min-1,进样量为5μL。结果:盐酸小檗碱检测浓度在40.48～141.70μg·mL-1范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系,平均加样回收率为100.34%,RSD=1.14%;盐酸药根碱检测浓度在6.04～14.08μg·mL-1范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系,平均加样回收率为99.70%,RSD=1.02%;盐酸巴马汀检测浓度在10.10～30.30μg·mL-1范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系,平均加样回收率为100.02%,RSD=1.17%。3批样品中盐酸小檗碱、盐酸药根碱和盐酸巴马汀的含量分别为每片40.64、6.09、10.50μg,40.35、6.05、10.43μg,40.26、6.03、10.40μg。结论:本方法灵敏、准确,专属性强,重复性好,可作为黄连上清片的质量控制方法。     

HPLC法测定盐酸奈必洛尔片中主药的含量

目的:建立以高效液相色谱法测定盐酸奈必洛尔片中主药含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为XTerra RP18,流动相为甲醇-0.03mo·lL-1磷酸二氢钾(0.68∶0.32),流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为280nm,柱温为30℃。结果:盐酸奈必洛尔检测浓度线性范围为15.24～55.88μg·mL-1(r=0.9999,n=5);平均回收率为100.3%,RSD=0.74%(n=6)。结论:本方法简便、灵敏、准确,可用于盐酸奈必洛尔片中主药的含量测定。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.