复合镀用纳米金刚石悬浮液制备和复合镀铬研究

通过对市售纳米金刚石进行适当的机械化学改性、分散及分级,制得了复合镀用纳米金刚石悬浮液,悬浮液粒度分布在150nm以内,浓度可调,长期保持稳定,不含污染镀液成分;研究了标准镀铬液和添加表面活性剂镀铬液中的复合镀情况,测试了镀层的显微硬度和表面形貌,结果表明,标准镀液中加入纳米金刚石镀层,显微硬度反而降低,添加表面活性剂,镀液中的复合镀层显微硬度有较大提高,晶粒明显细化.     

纳米金刚石/镍电刷镀复合镀层机械性能研究

本文对普通快速镍镀层和纳米金刚石/镍复合镀层的显微硬度和耐磨性进行了研究,分析了纳米颗粒含量、镀层厚度、加热温度等参数对纳米复合镀层显微硬度及摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:由于纳米金刚石的弥散强化作用,使得复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性大幅提高,摩擦系数明显降低。镀液中纳米金刚石含量约30g/L时,镀层硬度最高为650HV,经过300℃处理,硬度仍能保持在480HV之上。     

电刷镀镍／炭纳米管复合纳米镀层的结构与耐磨性能

用含碳纳米管的快速镍电刷镀液制备了镍／碳纳米管复合纳米镀层。研究了镀液中碳纳米管含量对镀层平均晶粒尺寸、显微结构、力学性能及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明：镀液中碳纳米管含量对镍刷镀层的平均晶粒尺寸和微结构有显著的影响，当镀液中碳纳米管含量为4％（质量分数）时，镀层有约16nm的最小晶粒尺寸：镀层的硬度和耐磨性与镀层的平均晶粒尺寸有非常好的对应关系：碳纳米管的弥散强化作用导致镀层晶粒细化和结构致密化，从而有效地改善了镀层的力学性能和耐磨性能。     

NiCl2 含量对电沉积 Ni-纳米 TiN 复合镀层过程的影响

目的针对氨基磺酸镍体系镀镍液,优化活化剂NiCl2的用量,提高Ni-纳米TiN复合镀层的性能。方法采用超声-脉冲电沉积工艺制备Ni-纳米Ti N复合镀层,研究NiCl2含量对镀液的电导率及复合镀层的厚度、显微硬度、表面微观形貌等的影响。结果镀液的电导率及复合镀层的厚度、显微硬度均随NiCl2含量的增加呈现先增大、后减小的变化趋势。当NiCl2的用量为30 g/L时,镀液的导电性能最佳,电导率值为61.3 m S/cm,复合镀层的厚度及显微硬度均达到最大值,分别为84μm和760HV,并且复合镀层表面平整光滑,晶粒尺寸最小。结论 NiCl2含量对镀液及复合镀层的性能有很大影响,适量的NiCl2可以防止阳极钝化,提高镀液的导电能力及沉积速率,使复合镀层的厚度增加,显微硬度提高,晶粒细化,微观形貌获得改善,性能提高。适宜的NiCl2用量为30 g/L。     

纳米ZrO2含量对Ni/ZrO2刷镀层组织和硬度的影响

采用电刷镀技术制备了Ni/ZrO2纳米复合刷镀层,对镀层的表面组织结构、显微硬度进行了观察、测定和分析.结果表明:当镀液中纳米ZrO2颗粒含量为20 g/L时,复合镀层的形貌最为平整致密,晶粒最为细小,硬度达到峰值(581.4 HV);随着热处理温度的升高,Ni/ZrO2纳米复合镀层的显微硬度呈现先升高后下降的趋势,在250℃时达到极大值(688.9 HV),表现出较好的耐高温软化性能.     

WC/Co含量对Ni-WC/Co纳米复合镀层腐蚀性能的影响

采用脉冲电沉积制备出Ni-WC/Co纳米复合镀层,研究镀液中WC/Co含量对复合镀层晶体结构、晶粒尺寸和硬度的影响;室温下,通过测试复合镀层在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的电化学行为,分析镀层的耐蚀性能。结果表明:随着镀液中WC/Co含量增加,复合镀层平均晶粒尺寸先减小后增大,硬度则是先增大后减小,复合镀层的耐蚀性能是先升高后降低。当WC/Co含量为30 g/L时,复合镀层的平均晶粒尺寸最小,硬度最高,腐蚀电位(E_(corr))较高,腐蚀电流密度(I_(corr))最低,耐蚀性能最佳。     

Ni-P-金刚石化学复合镀研究工艺对镀层硬度的影响

在镍磷化学镀的基础上,研究了微米、纳米金刚石化学复合镀工艺。采用正交试验方法,研究化学镀液、金刚石种类与浓度、表面活性剂种类与含量以及热处理温度等因素对镀层显微硬度的影响。结果表明:对镀层硬度影响明显的因素依次为金刚石种类、表面活性剂种类、热处理温度和表面活性剂含量,而镀液种类和金刚石浓度对镀层硬度的影响较小。最佳工艺为:金刚石为纳米金刚石灰粉,添加阴离子表面活性剂,热处理温度为350℃,表面活性剂含量为1∶10,选用化学镀液B,金刚石浓度为6.0g/L。     

Co~(2+)含量对镀Ti金刚石-Ni-Co复合电沉积的影响

采用电镀法制备镀Ti金刚石-Ni-Co复合镀层,研究镀液中Co2+含量对镀层形貌和性能的影响,并通过电化学阻抗谱研究Ni-Co复合电沉积过程。结果表明:当镀液中未添加Co2+时,所制备的镀Ti金刚石-Ni复合镀层内凹痕较多;镀液中添加Co2+后,镀Ti金刚石-Ni-Co复合镀层内凹痕消失,晶粒均匀。随着镀液中Co2+含量的增加,所制备的镀Ti金刚石复合镀层的显微硬度先增加后减少。当镀液中Co2+含量为6%(摩尔分数)时,在-0.85V电位下Ni-Co共结晶电化学阻抗谱的电荷转移电阻最大,制备的镀Ti金刚石-Ni-Co镀层内金刚石含量最高。此外,当镀液中Co2+含量增加至8%时,镀Ti金刚石-Ni-Co复合镀层内金刚石粉体的沉积量最少。     

纳米Al_2O_3颗粒含量对Ni-Co基纳米复合电刷镀层组织和性能的影响（英文）

采用电刷镀技术制备了不同Al_2O_3颗粒含量的合金纳米复合电刷镀层,使用扫描电镜、硬度测试仪和摩擦磨损试验机测试了镀液中纳米Al_2O_3颗粒含量对镀层的沉积速度、纳米颗粒含量、硬度和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,随着镀液中纳米Al_2O_3颗粒含量的增加,电刷镀层沉积速度降低、表面形貌平整,显微硬度先提高而后降低,磨痕深度和摩擦系数先减小后增大。当镀液中纳米Al_2O_3含量为20 g/L时,镀层具有最优的组织和性能。     

Ni-TiO2基纳米复合电刷镀层微观结构及腐蚀电化学行为

研究了用电刷镀在Q235钢上制备出Ni-TiO2纳米复合镀层复合镀液中,纳米颗粒的加入量及不同的表面活性剂对镀层性能的影响。采用SEM对复合镀层的表面形貌进行分析,用极化曲线研究了纳米复合镀层在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为,结果表明:与纯Ni镀层相比,Ni-TiO2纳米复合镀层晶粒更加细小,空隙率更低,阳离子表面活性剂分散镀液所得镀层效果最为显著;复合镀液中纳米TiO2质量浓度为10g/L时,复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能最优;纳米颗粒含量相等的情况下,阳离子表面活性剂分散镀液所得镀层具有最好的耐腐蚀性能。     

硫代硫酸盐无氰镀银工艺及银镀层微观组织分析

采用硫代硫酸盐无氰镀银工艺,分别以 AgNO3和 AgBr 为主盐进行镀银。研究主盐含量、电流密度对Ag镀层表面质量、沉积速率和显微硬度的影响,并优化电镀参数。分析优化工艺下的Ag镀层结合强度和晶粒尺寸。结果表明：在AgNO3体系中,AgNO3最佳用量为40 g/L,最佳电流密度为0.25 A/dm2,制备的Ag镀层光亮平整,与基体结合良好,晶粒尺寸为35 nm。在AgBr体系中的最佳AgBr用量为30 g/L,最佳电流密度为0.20 A/dm2,与基体结合良好的Ag镀层的晶粒尺寸为55 nm。与AgBr体系相比,AgNO3体系适用的电镀电流密度范围较宽,制备的Ag镀层显微硬度高,晶粒尺寸小。     

Multiple strengthening mechanisms of cold-sprayed cBNp/NiCrAl composite coating

The cBNp/NiCrAl composite coating with 40 vol.% cBN was deposited by cold spray using a mechanically alloyed composite powder. The microstructure of the as-sprayed coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that cBN particles in the size ranges of both nanometers and submicrometers were uniformly dispersed in NiCrAl alloy matrix. The XRD and TEM results revealed that the phase and nanocrystalline structures of the NiCrAl matrix were completely retained from the powder to coating during cold spraying. The hardness test results show that the dense composite coating exhibited an increased Vickers hardness of 1175 Hv compared with 280 Hv of the annealed NiCrAl matrix phase. The high hardness of the composite coating is attributed to the strengthening effects of particle dispersion, work hardening and crystal refinement. The contributions of the individual strengthening mechanisms, including particles dispersion, work hardening and crystal refinement, to hardness were theoretically estimated. The estimated hardness of the composite coating agreed well with the tested value. The work hardening strengthening is the most significant mechanism followed by crystal refinement effect and dispersion strengthening.     

Microstructure and transformation of Al-containing nanostructured 316L stainless steel coatings processed using spark plasma sintering

Three austenitic stainless steel alloys containing 0, 2 and 6 wt.% Al were prepared by cryomilling and spark plasma sintering. It was shown that aluminum influences the strain-induced phase transformation that occurs during milling. The milled powders consisted of finely dispersed particles with the powder particle size distribution increasing with aluminum concentration. Consolidation of the SS0Al (stainless steel containing 0 wt.% Al) powder via the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process onto a solid stainless steel substrate yields an equiaxed structure due to the original particle morphology resulting from cryomilling. The SS2Al and SS6Al SPS consolidated powder coatings exhibit a lamellar structure due to the increased aspect ratio of the particles. The degree to which the BCC structure induced during cryomilling of all three powder systems reverted to FCC was dependent upon the Al content. The SPS process was found to minimally influence the FCC recovery compared to conventional powder consolidation heat treatments. The energy supplied by the SPS process was insufficient to overcome the activation energy governing the rearrangement of dislocations required to complete the FCC recovery. The microhardness of the coatings processing using SPS was found to be highly dependent on the Al content by controlling the ratio of the BCC/FCC crystals in the formed coating.     

柠檬酸含量对电镀RE-Ni-W-P-SiC复合镀层性能的影响

通过XRD、SEM、EDX等方法,分析了柠檬酸含量对电镀RE-Ni-W-P-SiC复合镀层性能以及结构的影响,并确定了柠檬酸在镀液中的最佳含量。试验结果表明:随着镀液中柠檬酸含量的增加,复合镀层的硬度先增大后减小,在150g/L时达最大值。柠檬酸含量的增加有利于镀层组织细致,但镀层厚度会减小。试验条件下获得的最佳柠檬酸含量为130~150g/L。     

微纳米陶瓷粉末对粒子行为及复合涂层性能的影响

将微纳米材料应用于热喷涂制备高耐磨、耐蚀的涂层是近年来的研究热点.作者测量了微纳米陶瓷粉末对电弧喷涂中飞行粒子熔化程度、飞行速度及雾化粒子尺寸的影响,观察了喷涂铁基TiB2/Cr3C2/Al2O3粒子的变形过程,分析微纳米陶瓷粉末对粒子行为的影响规律,并对涂层性能进行了测试,发现微纳米粒子增加了金属陶瓷复合涂层的结合强度,改善涂层的韧性,对涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能影响不大,但明显提高涂层的耐冲蚀性能.最后对微纳米陶瓷粉末在喷涂过程中的作用、对粒子行为及涂层性能的影响机理进行了探讨.     

Cr颗粒对Ni-Graphene复合沉积层组织结构及性能的优化

目的电沉积技术制备Ni-Cr-Graphene复合沉积层,调查不同Cr颗粒浓度对复合沉积层组织结构及性能的优化影响。方法利用电沉积技术在镍铝青铜(NAB)表面制备出Ni-Cr-Graphene复合沉积层。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)与拉曼光谱仪(Raman),对复合沉积层的形貌、成分与组织结构(晶粒大小、结晶形状及结晶织构)进行表征,并采用显微硬度计与电化学工作站分别对沉积层的硬度及耐腐蚀性能进行调查。结果Graphene颗粒使得纯Ni沉积层中的Ni晶粒尺寸由175.3 nm减小到Ni-0Cr-4Graphene沉积层中的Ni晶粒尺寸60.5nm。随着Cr颗粒质量浓度进一步从0g/L增加到100 g/L,Ni-Cr-Graphene复合沉积层中的Cr质量分数从0%增加到23.8%,且Ni晶粒尺寸进一步减小到Ni-100Cr-4Graphene沉积层的29.1nm,Ni[200]结晶织构被消除。Graphene与Cr颗粒显著提高了Ni-CrGraphene复合沉积层的表面硬度,所有复合沉积层的显微硬度均高于纯Ni沉积层(260.1HV0.2),且在100 g/L Cr颗粒浓度下,沉积层平均显微硬度为489.8HV0.2。同时Graphene与Cr颗粒改善了Ni-Cr-Graphene复合沉积层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能,在100 g/L Cr颗粒浓度下,复合沉积层的自腐蚀电位(Ecorr)为-0.21 V,自腐蚀电流密度(Jcorr)为0.25μA/cm^2,其相对纯Ni沉积层Jcorr(7.01μA/cm^2)降低了1个数量级。结论溶液中Cr颗粒浓度的增加引起了Ni-Cr-Graphene复合沉积层中Cr含量的增加,使得更多Cr颗粒与Graphene颗粒共同作为Ni金属结晶形核点,促进了Ni的晶粒细化与织构转变,最终提高了复合沉积层的硬度与耐腐蚀性能。     

Preparation of doping titania antibacterial powder by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Doping titania powders were synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method from an aqueous solution containing H2TiF6 and AgNO3. The effects of the processing parameters on particle size distribution, structure, and morphology of doping particles were investigated. The results show that aggregation-free spherical particles with average diameter of 200-600 nm are obtained and the particle size of the powder can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of solution. The experimental approach indicates that the size and the value of standard deviation of particle size increase from 210 nm to 450 nm and from 0.46 to 0.73 respectively with the increase of the titanic ion concentration from 0.05 to 0.4 mol/L. Composite TiOF2 is obtained when the pyrolysis temperature is set to be 400 ℃. With increasing pyrolysis temperature from 400 ℃ to 800 ℃, the crystal size of titania powders increases from 14.1 to 26.5 nm and TiOF2 content of powder decreases dramatically. The property of ion released from powder is affected significantly by the pyrolysis temperature, and the amount of fluorine ion and silver ion released from powder decrease with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The optical property of doping titania powders is not affected by pyrolysis temperature. Antibacterial test results show that composite powders containing more fluorine ions exhibit stronger antibacterial activity against E.coli.     

Deposition Mechanisms and Oxidation Behaviors of Ti-Ni Coatings Deposited in Low-Temperature HVOF Spraying Process

Three kinds of Ti-Ni powders were deposited on 316L stainless steel by low-temperature high-velocity oxygen fuel (LT-HVOF) spraying process, respectively. Deposition mechanisms and oxidation behaviors of the coatings were researched in this paper. The coating deposited from TiNi intermetallic powder had obvious laminar structure and the oxygen content was the highest among the three kinds of coatings. The oxygen content of the coating deposited from small-sized Ni-clad Ti powder was still high due to the melting of parts of particles. However, most of the coarse Ni-clad Ti powder was deposited in solid states without changes of chemical compositions and phase compositions. The oxygen content of the coating deposited from coarse Ni-clad Ti powder was the lowest among the three kinds of coatings. It indicated that the deposition behavior of the coating could effectively preserve the inner titanium from oxidation. The results of the present research demonstrated that it is entirely feasible to deposit active metal materials such as titanium and titanium alloy through the optimizing selection of powder in the LT-HVOF process.     

金刚石粉体表面CVD法镀钨的工艺研究

目的增强金刚石与基体的界面结合能力。方法首先对金刚石粉体进行"除有机物→除油→粗化→烘干"处理。采用自制化学气相沉积装置,研究了以H_2和WF_6为反应气体在金刚石表面CVD法镀覆钨工艺。使用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(SEM)等检测方法,分析了金刚石粉体镀层钨的微观形貌、成分、组织结构,对镀层包覆金刚石粉体相关性能进行了初步测试。结果在粒径约为223.6mm的金刚石表面获得均匀致密镀覆层的最佳工艺参数为:沉积温度670℃,沉积时间2 min,H_2通入量1 L/min,WF_6消耗量2 g/min。沉积温度为580℃时,获得的均匀致密钨镀层的厚度为150 nm,且镀层杂质含量较少。将镀覆钨的金刚石和普通金刚石分别与铜粉热压烧结后进行抗弯强度测试,结果显示含镀覆钨的金刚石试样抗弯强度提高了38.6%。加入镀钨金刚石压块的热膨胀系数比加入普通金刚石的有所降低,并且加入的镀钨金刚石粉体越多,压块的热膨胀系数越低。结论镀钨后的金刚石颗粒的表面性能得到改善,与基体的结合能力得到提高。     

化学镀 Ni-Mo-P 合金镀层的组织结构与防垢性能研究

目的采用材料测试方法和防垢实验,研究不同工艺条件下的化学镀Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的组织结构与防垢性能。方法在化学镀Ni-P镀层基底上,添加含有钼酸根离子杂多酸盐,在不同工艺条件下化学沉积Ni-Mo-P合金镀层,研究化学镀Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的表面形貌和组织结构,分析镀液中硼酸含量和钼酸铵含量对镀层沉积速率的影响,观测镀层在结垢实验后的表面形貌并分析结垢速率。通过SEM,XRD和EDS对化学镀Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的表面形貌和组织结构进行检测,研究在酸性镀液中硼酸含量对化学镀Ni-Mo-P工艺条件的影响。采用防垢实验测试化学镀Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的防垢性能。结果在化学镀Ni-Mo-P过程中,钼酸根离子杂多酸盐具有稳定作用。化学镀Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的化学沉积镀液的最佳工艺条件为:Ni SO4·6H_2O 16.5 g/L,Na H_2PO_2·H_2O 20 g/L,钼酸钠0.5~0.8 g/L,硼酸2 g/L,乙酸钠7.5 g/L。化学镀Ni-Mo-P合金镀层的结垢速率明显低于化学镀Ni-P镀层,具有良好的防垢能力,形成了非晶态的镀层。结论采用化学镀Ni-P镀层基底上沉积得到非晶态的Ni-Mo-P合金镀层,硼酸具有调节镀液p H值和络合作用,非晶态的Ni-Mo-P合金镀层平均结垢速率最小值为0.58μm/h,具有良好的阻垢能力。