Manufacturing microporous foam zinc materials with high porosity by electrodeposition

In order to get foam zinc materials of porous metal electrode, a novel method for preparing foam zinc was proposed, in which the polyurethane foam with diameter of 0.3 mm as substrate was processed by degreasing, roughening, activating, electroless plating and electrodeposition. The main factors affecting the process, such as ZnSO₄ content, temperature, pH value, current density, and electrodes distance, were investigated comprehensively. The optimal process conditions are 250 g/L ZnSO₄, 20 g/L Al₂(SO₄)₃, 40 g/L KAl(SO₄)₂, 30 g/L Na₂SO₄, pH=3.5, 4.0 cm of electrodes distance and 0.04 A/cm² current density at 30 °C. The result shows that adding ultrasonic on the process can elevate the deepening plating ability and current efficiency. Foam zinc material with a high porosity of 92.2% and a three-dimensional network structure can be fabricated by electrodeposition.     

Recovery of zinc from low-grade zinc oxide ores by solvent extraction

1　INTRODUCTIONZincoxideoresarethemainsourceofzincmetalaf terzincsulfideores .Withtheescalatingdepletionofzincsulfideores,zincoxideoresincludingwillemite(Zn2 SiO4 ) ,hemimorphite[Zn4 (Si2 O7) (OH)·H2 O]andsmithsonite (ZnCO3) ,becameanimportantsourceofzinc[1] .InChina,zincoxideoresarerelativelyabundant,whicharemainlystoredinsouthwestandnorth westChi na,suchasYunnan ,Sichuan ,GuangxiandGansuprovince[2 ] .Manystudieshavebeendoneontheconcentrationofzincoxideores,yettheprogressesaresli…     

Leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system

The leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system was studied. The effects of ore particle size, reaction temperature and the sum concentration of ammonium ion and ammonia on the leaching efficiency of zinc were examined. The leaching kinetics of low-grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system follows the kinetic law of shrinking-core model. The results show that diffusion through the inert particle pores is the leaching kinetics rate controlling step. The calculated apparent activation energy of the process is about 7.057 kJ/mol. The leaching efficiency of zinc is 92.1% under the conditions of ore particle size of 69μm, holding at 80℃ for 60 min, sum ammonia concentration of 7.5 mol/L, the molar ratio of ammonium to ammonia being 2：1, and the ratio （g/mL） of solid to liquid being 1：10.     

硫酸锌糖浆稳定性的研究

为解决硫酸锌糖浆贮存期间稳定性下降的问题,以一水枸橼酸—二水枸橼酸钠缓冲液作为硫酸锌糖浆的稳定剂,研究了两者不同的质量浓度比例、质量浓度总量对硫酸锌糖浆pH值稳定的效果,确定加有一水枸橼酸（质量浓度为0.35 g/L）和二水枸缘酸钠（质量浓度为3.15 g/L）缓冲溶液的硫酸锌糖浆,720 d的效期内pH值下降了6.8%,未加pH稳定剂的硫酸锌糖浆pH值720 d的效期内下降了44%,差异显著;结果表明1L硫酸锌糖浆溶液中,一水枸橼酸质量浓度∶二水枸缘酸钠质量浓度=1∶3,两者质量浓度总量为3.5 g/L的缓冲溶液,可明显提高硫酸锌糖浆pH值的效果较好,产品品质得到很的提升     

Study on removing zinc from nickel electrolyte by ion-exchange

Ｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆｉｍｐｕｒｉｔｙｚｉｎｃｉｎｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｅｉｓｌｉ ｍｉｔｅｄｓｔｒｉｃｔｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｎｉｃｋｅｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｂｙｄｉａｐｈｒａｇｍｅｌｅｃ ｔｒｏｌｙｓｉｓ .Ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ ,ｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇｎｉｃｋｅｌｏｆｚｅｒｏ ｇｒａｄｅ (Ｃｈｉｎａｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ) ,ｚｉｎｃｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｅｌｅｃ ｔｒｏｌｙｔｅｉｓｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄｔｏｂｅｌｏｗｅｒｔｈａｎ 0 .0 0 0 3ｇ/Ｌ .Ｆｏｒｚｉｎｃ ｒｅｍｏｖｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｎ…     

Production and characterization of alkaline extracellular lipase from newly isolated strain Aspergillus awamori HB-03

A strain HB-03 to produce alkaline extracellular lipase was isolated from oil-rich soil samples and identified as Aspergillus awamori.The growth conditions and nutritional factors for lipase production by strain HB-03 were optimized,and the maximum lipase production of (45.9±2.3) U/mL was obtained at 30 °C and pH 7.0 after 36 h using olive oil (1%) and sucrose (0.5%) as carbon sources and combination of peptone (2%),yeast extract (0.5%) and ammonium sulfate (0.1%) as nitrogen sources.The lipase was purified...     

Solvent extraction of copper and zinc from bioleaching solutions with LIX984 and D2EHPA

The solvent extraction of copper and zinc from the bioleaching solutions of low-grade sulfide ores with LIX984 and D2EHPA was investigated. The influences of extractant content, aqueous pH value, phase ratio and equilibration time on metals extraction were studied. The results show that LIX984 has a higher selectivity for copper than for iron, zinc and other metals, and has the copper extraction rate above 97%, while the zinc and iron extraction rate is less than 1.6% respectively. Zinc extraction is carried out following the copper extraction from the raffinate. The zinc extraction with di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid(D2EHPA) is low due to its poor cation exchange. A sodium salt of D2EHPA is used and the zinc extraction rate is enhanced to above 98%. Though iron (Ⅲ) is strongly extracted before the extraction of zinc by D2EHPA, it is difficult to strip iron from the organic phase by sulfuric acid. The zinc stripping rate is above 99% with 100 g/L sulfuric acid, while that of iron is 0.16%. Hence,the separation of zinc from iron can be achieved by the selective stripping.     

Leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system

The leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system was studied. The effects of ore particle size,reaction temperature and the sum concentration of ammonium ion and ammonia on the leaching efficiency of zinc were examined.The leaching kinetics of low-grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system follows the kinetic law of shrinking-core model. The results show that diffusion through the inert particle pores is the leaching kinetics rate controlling step. The calculated apparent activation energy of the process is about 7.057kJ/mol. The leaching efficiency of zinc is 92.1% under the conditions of ore particle size of 69μm, holding at 80℃ for 60min, sum ammonia concentration of 7.5mol/L, the molar ratio of ammonium to ammonia being 2:1, and the ratio (g/mL) of solid to liquid being 1:10.     

石灰铝盐法沉淀废水中高浓度氯离子的研究

工业废水中高氯离子使其具有腐蚀性并妨碍水生动植物生长, 破坏生态环境, 在排放之前必须进行氯离子 去除, 达到排放要求。探究了单因素对氯离子去除率的影响, 并讨论了投料比、搅拌时间、静置时间以及体系初始 pH 对去除率影响及交互作用。研究表明: 搅拌速度为400 r/min, n(Al³⁺) : n(Ca^{2+) 为1 : 3.3, 搅拌时间为30 min, 静 置时间为30 min, 废水初始pH 为10 时, 去除效果最佳。应用所得最佳条件对实际水样进行二次去除实验并探讨了 相关影响因素。对实际水样二次氯离子去除实验的最佳工艺条件: 当n(Cl-):n(Al3+) : n(Ca2+) 为1 : 3.6 : 12, 初始溶 液浓度为4 g/L 时, 并且需要在二阶段投加药品前调节体系pH 值至弱碱性, 氯离子去除效率可达95%, 浓度可降到 400 mg/L 以下。通过X 射线洐射分析可知, 沉淀产物为层状结构的弗氏盐[Ca₂Al(OH)₆Cl·2H₂O]。此方法成本低、 无污染, 对高氯废水去除有很好的应用价值。}     

低污染中温锌系磷化的研究

以硫酸铜点蚀试验作为评定磷化膜耐蚀性的依据,开发了一种高耐蚀性、低污染的中温锌系磷化液的配方及应用工艺.对不含亚硝酸盐促进剂的低污染磷化液进行研究,用自制促进剂A来替代亚硝酸钠,对磷化液组成和使用工艺进行了探讨.通过条件实验得到磷化液的最佳配比:硝酸镍质量浓度为20 g/L,氧化锌质量浓度为35 g/L,硝酸体积分数为...     

Extraction separation of germanium with hydroxamic acid HGS98

Ｔｈｅｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｇｅｒｍａｎｉｕｍｆｒｏｍａｃｉｄｉｃｌｅａｃｈｌｉｑｕｏｒｓ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｉｎｚｉｎｃｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ,ｈａｓａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄｇｒｅａｔａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｉｔｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｉｎ ｄｕｓｔｒｙ,ｓｕｃｈａｓｉｎｆｒａｒｅｄａｎｄｆｉｂｅｒｏｐｔｉｃｓ ,ｃａｔａｌｙｓｔｓａｎｄｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒｄｅｖｉｃｅｓ.Ａｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ,ｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｗａｙｔｏｒｅｃｏ ｖｅｒｇｅｒｍａｎｉｕｍｉｓｔ…     

Thermodynamic study on reaction path of Hg（ II ） with S（ II ） in solution

The mercury sulfidation experiments were conducted in the pH range from 1 to 13. The results show that Hg(Ⅱ) reacted with equimolar S(Ⅱ) has the lowest remained Hg(Ⅱ) concentration (9.7 μg/L) at pH 1.0 and the highest remained concentration (940.8 ug/L) at pH 13.0. Meanwhile, the changes of pH values were monitored exactly, which reveal that solution pH values change when mixing the same pH value solutions of HgCl_2 and Na_2S. In order to explain the phenomena and determine the reaction paths of Hg(Ⅱ) reacting with S(Ⅱ) in the solution, the concerned thermodynamics was studied. Species of S(Ⅱ)-H_2O system and Hg(Ⅱ)-H_2O system at different pH values were calculated, and then the species distribution diagrams of S(Ⅱ)-H_2O system, Hg(Ⅱ)-H_2O system and Hg(Ⅱ)-Cl~-0H~~-H_2O system were drawn. Combining the experimental data and thermodynamic calculation, the mechanism of Hg(Ⅱ) reacting with S(Ⅱ) was deduced. The results indicate that different species of S(Ⅱ) and Hg(Ⅱ) have the diverse reaction paths to form HgS precipitate at different pH values and the standard Gibbs free energies change(△_rG_m~Θ) of those equations are also calculated, which can provide a guidance for mercury-containing wastewater treatment with Na_2S.     

Synthesis of 1,4-benzenedicarbonyl thiourea resins and their adsorption properties for Ag（I）

Several 1,4-benzenedicarbonyl thiourea resins (BTR) were synthesized through interfacial polymerization between 1,4-benzenedicarbonyl diisothiocyanate and polyamine. Their structures were confirmed by FT-IR. The adsorption properties (including the effect of adsorption time, pH, initial concentrations and temperature) of BTR-1, BTR-2 and BTR-3 for Ag(I) were investigated by batch tests. The results show that the adsorption equilibria of BTR-1, BTR-2, BTR-3 for Ag(I) are achieved after about 10 h. Their equilibrium adsorption capacities are 7.11, 6.75 and 6.23, respectively, and the adsorption process accords with G. E. Boyd equation and Langmuir adsorption isotherm as well. The adsorption capacities increase with the increase of pH (the highest uptake values are observed at pH being about 6–7). The thermodynamic parameters of BTR-1 were calculated. The results show that ΔH ^Θ; and ΔS ^Θ are 6 958.8 J/mol and 64.28 J/(mol·K), respectively, and ΔG ^Θ at 20, 30, 40 and 50 °C are −11.79, −12.52, −13.16 and −13.8 kJ/mol, respectively. The silver-loaded resins can be quantitatively eluted by a solution containing 6% thiourea in 1 mol/L HNO₃.     

Interfacial reaction between solid nickel and liquid zinc

Interfacial reactions between solid nickel and liquid zinc at 450-650 ℃ for 30-600 s were studied. The morphology and growth behavior of intermetallic compound layers at the interface between solid nickel and liquid zinc were observed and analyzed by SEM and EDS. The results show that γ and 8 phases are formed at 450 ℃ at the Ni/Zn interface, and at 550 ℃ and 650 ℃ only ）,phase is formed at the interthce and some δ phase particles will be participated during solidification on the surface of γphase layer. The β1 phase is absent under experimental conditions. Many cracks occur in the layers due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of these phases. It is found that the kinetics of the intermetallic compounds growth follows a parabolic law of time, as controlled by the diffusion mechanism. The apparent activation energies are 113.9 kJ/mol for the growth of γphase and 125.87 kJ/mol for γ1 phase, respectively.     

The impact of solvent and modifier on ZnO thin-film transistors fabricated by sol-gel process

Techniques for fabricating solution-processed zinc oxide(ZnO)-based thin-film transistors(TFTs)are feasible with solution using various routes.Here,ZnO TFTs were fabricated via sol-gel method using zinc acetate as the starting reagent with different modifiers and solvents.The ZnO thin-film semiconductors with well-controlled,preferential crystal orientation and densely packed ZnO crystals can be prepared with the optimized fabrication conditions,exhibiting excellent field-effect far exceeding those of hydrogenated amorphous silicon(a-Si:H).However,the field-effect characteristics of ZnO TFTs were different for different precursor systems which were constituted by zinc acetate,modifiers and solvents.The co-modification of acetoin and monoethanolamine for the precursor system exhibited higher extent of crystal orientation and field-effect.The maximum mobility of 7.65 cm2V-1s-1 and current on-to-off ratio of~105–106 have been obtained.     

Micaceous iron oxide prepared from pyrite cinders by hydrothermal method

Micaceous iron oxide (MIO) with a hexagonal flaky shape was prepared by hydrothermal method. The ferric hydroxide used as precursor was obtained by an acidic leaching solution of pyrite cinders reacting with ammonia solution. The optimal experimental conditions for preparing micaceous iron oxide were investigated by orthogonal experiments. Micaceous iron oxide can be successfully prepared when optimal parameters of total iron concentration of 2.0 mol/L, pH value of 8, n(Fe²⁺)/n(Fe³⁺) of 0.1, mass of seed crystal of 1 g, reaction temperature of 260 °C and reaction time of 30 min are applied. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffractometry (SAEM) were adopted to characterize the hydrothermal products prepared under optimal conditions. The results indicate that highly crystallized α-Fe₂O₃ hexagonal flakes, about 1.0–1.5 μm in diameter and 0.1 μm in thickness, are prepared. Furthermore, the quality of micaceous iron oxide prepared can meet the required characteristics of micaceous iron oxide pigments for paints (ISO10601—2007).     

Zinc leaching from electric arc furnace dust in alkaline medium

Physical and chemical properties of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust from Tianjin seamless Pipe Company were measured and analyzed. The zinc leaching tests in alkaline medium were carried out under variation of leaching agent concentration, leaching temperature, leaching cumulative time and solid-to-liquid ratio. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the zinc leaching process were also analyzed. The results show that the EAF dust contains 10% (mass fraction) zinc and the median particle size is 0.69 μm. The zinc recovery of 73.4% is obtained under the condition of 90 °C, 6 mol/L NaOH, and 60 min leaching time. With the increase of concentration of NaOH and the cumulative time, zinc leaching will be significantly increased. The kinetics study demonstrates that the leaching reaction is chemically controlled and the reaction activation energy is 15.73 kJ/mol.     

由锌焙砂制备活性氧化锌的研究

以锌焙砂为原料，经氨浸，除杂，沉锌，干燥，煅烧等工序制取了活性氧化锌．采用正交设计确定制备过程的最佳技术条件，使锌的浸出率达95％以上，总回收率达90％．产品中活性氧化锌的含量为99．4％，比表面积为75m^2／g，产品质量达到HG／72572-94一等品标准．该工艺具有操作简单、稳定、可靠、适应性强以及锌的转化回收率高、“三废”少、环境污染小、成本低、产品质量好等特点．     

Design of logic process based low-power 512-bit EEPROM for UHF RFID tag chip

A 512-bit EEPROM IP was designed by using just logic process based devices. To limit the voltages of the devices within 5.5 V, EEPROM core circuits, control gate (CG) and tunnel gate (TG) driving circuits, DC-DC converters: positive pumping voltage (V _PP=4.75 V), negative pumping voltage (V _NN=−4.75 V), and V _NNL(=V _NN/2) generation circuit were proposed. In addition, switching powers CG high voltage (CG_HV), CG low voltage (CG_LV), TG high voltage (TG_HV), TG low voltage (TG_LV), V _{NNL_CG} and V _{NNL_TG} switching circuit were supplied for the CG and TG driving circuit. Furthermore, a sequential pumping scheme and a new ring oscillator with a dual oscillation period were proposed. To reduce a power consumption of EEPROM in the write mode, the reference voltages V _{REF_VPP} for V _PP and V _{REE_VNN} for V _NN were used by dividing V _DD (1.2 V) supply voltage supplied from the analog block in stead of removing the reference voltage generators. A voltage level detector using a capacitive divider as a low-power DC-DC converter design technique was proposed. The result shows that the power dissipation is 0.34 μW in the read mode, 13.76 μW in the program mode, and 13.66 μW in the erase mode.     

Synthesis and photocatalytic property of the ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> pillared laponite

The ZrO2/TiO2 pillared laponite (Ti-Zr-lap) photocatalysts were prepared with intercalation reaction by supercritical fluid drying (SCFD),and characterized by XRD,TEM,SEM and BET surface area analysis,and the photocatalytic properties of Ti-Zr-lap were investigated by degradation of azo dye acid red B (ARB).The results showed that the ZrO2/TiO2 pillared structures in laponite could be formed,with the mass fraction of (Zr4++Ti4+)/laponite (Xm) increasing,the basal spacing and the BET surface area of Ti-Zr-lap significantly increased.The Ti-Zr-lap used as photocatalyst had the advantages of stable and porous layered structure,large surface area with the anatase type TiO2.Compared with the Ti-Zr-lap dried by air drying,the Ti-Zr-lap dried by SCFD showed better photocatalytic property which was very close to that of P25 TiO2.Using the Ti-Zr-lap as photocatalyst with the optimum Xm of 0.16 and the calcination temperature of 500 ℃,under the conditions of the initial concentration of ARB 20 mg/L,photocatalyst concentration of 1.5 g/L and irradiation time 60 min,the decoloring rate of ARB could achieve 98.3%,indicating that the Ti-Zr-lap had excellent photocatalytic property.